法系大白猪繁殖性状遗传参数估计及遗传进展分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.06.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在对北京市某母猪场法系大白猪繁殖性状进行遗传参数估计，评估其遗传进展，为该育种场制定合理的育种方案提供理论依据。本研究共收集北京市某母猪场2016-2022年法系大白母猪原始配种记录29 269条，原始分娩记录20 770条，原始系谱记录146 871条，估计该公司法系大白母猪繁殖性状的遗传参数，采用基于动物模型的最佳线性无偏预测(best linear unbiased prediction, BLUP)方法，利用DMU软件使用单性状和双性状重复力模型进行遗传力、遗传相关、表型相关和育种值的估计。结果显示，本研究中法系大白猪TNB为12.67头，NBA为10.90头，NSB为1.35头，MUM为0.14头，LWT为13.99 kg，LW21为73.93 kg；繁殖性状遗传力估计值范围为0.017~0.134，属于低遗传力；繁殖性状间的遗传相关在-0.368~0.856之间，表型相关在-0.213~0.847之间；通过绘制繁殖性状表型趋势图及遗传趋势图发现，个体的繁殖性状表型值呈上升趋势，育种值呈先上升后下降趋势。本研究结果表明，该群体遗传改良取得了良好的进展，研究结果可为法系大白猪的品种选育和遗传改良提供参考指导和理论基础。

关键词: 大白猪, 繁殖性能, 遗传参数估计, 遗传趋势

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of the reproductive traits of a sow farm in Beijing, evaluate their genetic progress, and provide a theoretical basis for developing a reasonable breeding scheme. In this study, a total of 29 269 original breeding records, 20 770 original birth records, and 146 871 original pedigree records were collected from a sow farm in Beijing from 2016 to 2022. The genetic parameters of reproductive traits of French Large White sows in the company were estimated. The best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) method based on animal model was used to estimate heritability, genetic correlation, phenotypic correlation and breeding value by DMU software using single-trait and double-trait repeatability models. The results showed that the TNB was 12.67 heads in this study, the NBA was 10.90 heads, NSB for 1.35 heads, the MUM was 0.14 heads, the LWT was 13.99 kg, the LW 21 was 73.93 kg; The estimated heritability of reproductive traits ranged from 0.017 to 0.134, belongs to the low heritability; Genetic correlations among reproductive traits was between -0.368 and 0.856, phenotypic correlation was between -0.213 and 0.847; By mapping the phenotypic trends and genetic trends of reproductive traits, individuals showed increasing reproductive trait phenotypic values, breeding values rose first and then decreased. The results of this study show that the genetic improvement in this population is good, and the results can provide reference guidance and theoretical basis for the breeding and genetic improvement of French Large White pigs.

Key words: Large White pig, reproductive traits, genetic parameter estimation, genetic trend

中图分类号:

S828.2

闫田田, 武建亮, 王朝军, 徐利, 孟庆利, 苏美玉, 李涵乔, 黄国英, 王超, 林佳琪. 法系大白猪繁殖性状遗传参数估计及遗传进展分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(6): 2388-2396.

Tiantian YAN, Jianliang WU, Zhaojun WANG, Li XU, Qingli MENG, Meiyu SU, Hanqiao LI, Guoying HUANG, Chao WANG, Jiaqi LIN. Genetic Parameter Estimation and Genetic Progress Analysis of Reproductive Traits in French Large White Pigs[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(6): 2388-2396.

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性状 Trait	记录数/条 Number of records	平均值±标准差 Means±Sd	最小值 Minimum value	最大值 Maximum value	变异系数/% Coefficient of variation
总产仔数/头TNB	20 558	12.67±3.27	3	22	25.81
产活仔数/头NBA	21 024	10.90±3.00	1	21	27.52
死胎数/头NSB	20 234	1.35±1.74	0	8	128.89
木乃伊数/头MUM	20 418	0.14±0.43	0	2	307.14
出生窝重/kg LWT	20 016	13.99±4.19	0.6	34.89	29.95
校正21日龄重/kg LW21	19 303	73.93±15.31	12.2	227.27	20.71

性状 Trait	加性方差 Additive variance	母体方差 Maternal variance	残差方差 Residual variance	遗传力±标准误 Heritability±standard error
总产仔数TNB	0.651	0.904	8.522	0.065±0.010
产活仔数NBA	0.439	0.657	7.577	0.051±0.009
死胎数NSB	0.112	0.156	2.407	0.042±0.008
木乃伊数MUM	0.003	0.000	0.176	0.017±0.005
出生窝重LWT	2.205	1.228	13.054	0.134±0.014
校正21日龄重LW21	10.059	14.957	197.985	0.045±0.008

性状 Trait	总产仔数 TNB	产活仔数 NBA	死胎数 NSB	木乃伊数 MUM	出生窝重 LWT	校正21日龄重 LW21
总产仔数TNB		0.826 (0.039 3)	0.702 (0.074 0)	0.437 (0.131 8)	0.378 (0.077 8)	-0.368 (0.113 2)
产活仔数NBA	0.782 (0.148 2)		0.140 (0.128 7)	-0.172 (0.167 9)	0.717 (0.044 7)	-0.308 (0.125 0)
死胎数NSB	0.366 (0.063 7)	-0.120 (0.009 5)		0.856 (0.089 5)	-0.227 (0.099 7)	-0.356 (0.117 8)
木乃伊数MUM	0.181 (0.061 7)	0.0009 (0.007 2)	0.098 (0.027 6)		-0.048 (0.012 1)	-0.105 (0.161 0)
出生窝重LWT	0.582 (0.053 4)	0.847 (0.115 6)	-0.213 (0.010 4)	-0.033 (0.007 0)		0.114 (0.104 8)
校正21日龄重LW21	-0.154 (0.007 6)	-0.141 (0.007 6)	-0.065 (0.007 6)	-0.030 (0.007 3)	-0.037 (0.008 0)

年份 Year	总产仔数/头 TNB	产活仔数/头 NBA	死胎数/头 NSB	木乃伊数/头 MUM	出生窝重/kg LWT	校正21日龄重/kg LW21
2016	11.783 8	10.527 4	0.810 5	0.038 4	13.914 1	73.140 4
2017	11.728 4	10.944 7	0.489 1	0.066 6	14.702 5	71.415 5
2018	12.541 6	11.021 8	1.103 1	0.155 2	14.257 3	71.974 9
2019	12.521 8	11.030 9	1.058 5	0.093 4	14.791 1	78.365 5
2020	12.573 5	10.805 6	1.161 0	0.118 8	13.521 6	75.568 3
2021	12.378 9	10.342 8	1.679 5	0.179 2	12.854 0	71.384 2
2022	13.304 0	11.184 7	1.732 9	0.180 6	14.335 2	74.312 0

年份 Year	总产仔数 TNB	产活仔数 NBA	死胎数 NSB	木乃伊数 MUM	出生窝重 LWT	校正21日龄重 LW21
2016	-0.07	0.10	-0.12	-0.02	0.42	0.01
2017	-0.06	0.15	-0.15	-0.02	0.58	0.53
2018	0.01	0.17	-0.13	-0.02	0.48	0.73
2019	0.13	0.21	-0.08	-0.01	0.63	0.19
2020	0.08	0.15	-0.08	-0.01	0.58	0.70
2021	-0.01	0.13	-0.12	-0.01	0.51	0.69
2022	-0.08	0.12	-0.19	-0.02	0.36	1.28