甘草多糖的生理功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.06.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着我国养殖业“减抗、禁抗、产品无抗”战略的实施，使用植物提取物作为饲料添加剂成为重要的研究方向。甘草多糖是一种从甘草中提取的植物多糖，提取方法包括溶剂萃取法、超声辅助萃取法、微波辅助萃取法等。甘草多糖作为天然生物大分子由阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、鼠李糖、甘露糖、木糖等单糖组成，具有抗氧化、抗炎、免疫调节、抗肿瘤等多种生物学活性，在保障动物健康方面具有显著的作用。在动物饲粮中添加甘草多糖可提高其体重增长率、饲料利用率和肉品质，同时减少肠道疾病和应激对动物产生的负面影响。由于其抗炎和抗氧化作用，甘草多糖可以有效减轻动物因疾病和应激引起的炎症和损伤。本文综述了甘草多糖提取方法、生物学活性和作用机制，并探讨了其在动物生产中的应用，以期为甘草多糖在养殖中的应用提供科学依据。

关键词: 甘草多糖, 生物学活性, 作用机制, 动物生产

Abstract:

With the implementation of the strategy of "reducing antimicrobials, banning antimicrobials, and making products antimicrobial-free" in China's aquaculture industry, the use of plant extracts as feed additives has become an important research direction. Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide is a kind of plant polysaccharide extracted from licorice, and the extraction methods include solvent extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction, etc. As natural biomolecules, Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides consist of monosaccharides such as arabinose, glucose, galactose, rhamnose, mannose, xylose, etc., which have a variety of biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor and so on. It has a significant role in protecting the health of animals. The addition of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide to animal diets can improve body weight growth rate, feed utilization, and meat quality, in addition reducing the negative effects on animals caused by intestinal diseases and stress. Due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide effectively reduces inflammation and damage induced by disease and stress in animals. In this paper, the extraction methods, biological activities, and mechanisms of action of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides were reviewed, their applications in animal production were also discussed, in order to provide a scientific basis for the application of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides in animal breeding.

Key words: Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide, biological activity, mechanism, animal production

中图分类号:

S816.7

季小禹, 王永伟, 邱妍, 张才. 甘草多糖的生理功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(6): 2379-2387.

Xiaoyu JI, Yongwei WANG, Yan QIU, Cai ZHANG. Physiological Functions of Glycyrrhiza Polysaccharides and Its Applications in Livestock and Poultry Production[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(6): 2379-2387.

图/表 2

表 1

图 1

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提取方法 Extraction method	最优工艺 Optimal process	提取率 Extraction yield	参考文献 References
溶剂萃取法 Solvent extraction	温度99 ℃，时间2 h，料液比为1∶15(g·mL^-1)	6.11%	[17]
热水辅助萃取法 Hot water assisted extraction	时间120 min，温度80 ℃，料液比为1∶15(g·mL^-1)	9.762%	[18]
超声辅助萃取法 Ultrasonic-assisted extraction	超声功率500 W，超声时间60 min，温度60 ℃，液料比为20∶1(mL·g^-1)	2.26%	[19]
超声辅助萃取法 Ultrasonic-assisted extraction	超声功率600 W，超声时间60 min，温度70 ℃，料液比为1∶15(g·mL^-1)	3.53%	[20]
超声辅助低共熔溶剂萃取法 Ultrasound-assisted eutectic solvent extraction	超声功率250 W，时间30 min、温度39 ℃，料液比1∶50(g·mL^-1)	8.31%	[21]
超临界二氧化碳(CO₂)萃取法 Supercritical carbon dioxide (CO₂) extraction	温度62.6 ℃、压力37.7 MPa，时间82.9 min	7.34%	[22]
酶分解法 Enzymolysis	2%的纤维素酶和果胶酶，时间2 h，料液比为1∶20(g·mL^-1)	10.71%；8.43%	[23]

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