影响猪采食行为的肠道微生物种类鉴别

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2023.01.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 动物主要通过采食来获取能量和所需营养物质，探索肠道菌群对猪采食行为的影响并研究其潜在的作用机制，可以为后续通过调控肠道菌群来改善猪采食提供理论基础。以210头商业杜洛克猪为研究对象，使用自动喂料器记录包括平均日采食时间(ADET)、平均日采食次数(ADEV)、平均日采食量(ADFI)等采食行为指标。140日龄时于肛门处收集粪便样品，通过16S rRNA基因V3-V4区测序获得试验猪肠道微生物结构与组成概况，采用Two-part模型以及共丰度组(CAGs)鉴别与猪采食行为相关的肠道微生物种类。结果显示：1)表型间相关性分析结果表明，ADET分别与ADEV(r=0.41，P<0.05)、RFI(r=0.32，P<0.05)呈显著正相关，ADFI分别与RFI(r=0.56，P<0.05)、平均日增重(ADG)(r=0.63，P<0.05)呈显著正相关，另外，RFI与背膘厚呈显著正相关(r=0.16，P<0.05)。2)CAGs分析中，主要包括瘤胃球菌科(Ruminococcaceae)、拟杆菌目(Bacteroidales)以及颤螺菌属(Oscillospira)等OTUs的CAG2与ADFI呈显著负相关(P＜0.05)。而包含注释到柔嫩梭菌(Faecalibacterium prausnitzii)、两形真杆菌(Eubacterium biforme)和Asteroleplasma anaerobium等OTUs的CAG9则与ADFI显著正相关(P<0.05)。3)在相关性分析中，当FDR<0.05时，未鉴定到任何与采食行为显著关联的OTU，但鉴别到14、21、25个OTUs分别与ADET、ADEV、ADFI具有相关性趋势(P<0.01)。其中与ADFI具有正相关趋势的OTUs主要注释到普氏菌属(Prevotella)、瘤胃球菌科(Ruminococcaceae)以及韦荣球菌科(Erysipelotrichaceae)，具有负相关趋势的OTUs则注释到YRC22、伯克氏菌目(Burkholderiales)、毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)、瘤胃球菌科(Ruminococcaceae)。4)肠道微生物功能预测分析发现，胰岛素信号通路(Insulin signaling pathway)和脂质代谢(Lipid metabolism)等生物学功能与ADFI值呈显著正相关，而鞘脂代谢(Sphingolipid metabolism)则与之呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。本研究表明，部分产SCFAs或乳酸的细菌，如伯克氏菌目(Burkholderiales)、瘤胃球菌科(Ruminococcaceae)、克里斯滕森菌科(Christensenellaceae)、毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)等可能在抑制猪采食量方面发挥重要作用，而普氏菌属(Prevotella)(尤其是Prevotella copri)具有增强宿主食欲的潜能，是调控宿主采食行为的关键微生物。

关键词: 猪, 采食行为, 16S rRNA, 肠道菌群, 粪便, 共丰度组

Abstract: Animals acquire energy and nutrients mainly by feed intake. Exploring the effect of gut microbiota on pig feeding behaviors and investigating its potential mechanism would provide theoretical basis for improving pig feeding behaviors through regulating gut microbiota. A total of 210 commercial Duroc pigs were used in this study. Phenotypes relating to feeding behaviors, including average daily eating time (ADET), average daily eating visits (ADEV) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were recorded by automatic feeders. Stool samples were collected from the anus at the age of 140 days, and the structure and composition of gut microbiota were obtained by sequencing V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. The Two-part model and co-abundance groups (CAGs) were used to identify the gut microbial taxa associated with feeding behaviors of pigs. The results showed as follows: 1) Correlation analysis between phenotypes showed that ADET was significantly and positively correlated with ADEV (r=0.41, P<0.05) and RFI(r=0.32, P<0.05); ADFI was significantly and positively correlated with RFI (r=0.56, P<0.05) and average daily gain (ADG) (r=0.63, P<0.05). In addition, RFI was significantly positively correlated with backfat thickness (r=0.16, P<0.05). 2) In CAGs analysis, a significant negative correlation was found between CAG2 and ADFI (P<0.05). This CAG mainly included OTUs annotated to Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroidales and Oscillospira, etc. However, CAG9 containing OTUs annotated to Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium biforme and Asteroleplasma anaerobium was significantly and positively correlated with ADFI (P<0.05). 3) In the correlation analysis, there was no OTU that was identified to be significantly associated with feeding behaviors at FDR<0.05. However, 14, 21 and 25 OTUs were identified to showing a tendency of association with ADET, ADEV and ADFI, respectively (P<0.01). Among them, OTUs showing positive correlations with the ADFI were mainly annotated to Prevotella, Ruminococcaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae, etc, while those OTUs having negative correlation were annotated to YRC22, Burkholderiales, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. 4) The functional prediction analysis of the gut microbiota showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between ADFI and biological funtions including Insulin signaling pathway and Lipid metabolism. Whereas the Sphingolipid metabolism was significantly and negatively correlated with ADFI (P<0.05). The results of this study suggest that some bacteria which can produce short-chain fatty acids or lactic acid, such as Burkholderiales, Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, etc., may play an important role in inhibiting feed intake, while Prevotella, especially Prevotella copri has the potential effect enhancing host appetite, are the key microorganisms that regulating the host feeding behaviour.

Key words: pig, feeding behavior, 16S rRNA, gut microbiota, feces, co-abundance groups

中图分类号:

S828.4

姜辉, 杨慧, 方绍明, 高军, 陈从英. 影响猪采食行为的肠道微生物种类鉴别[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(1): 213-226.

JIANG Hui, YANG Hui, FANG Shaoming, GAO Jun, CHEN Congying. Identification of Gut Microbial Taxa Associated with Feeding Behaviors in Pigs[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(1): 213-226.

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