猪流行性腹泻病毒感染仔猪的免疫器官组织病理学和部分细胞因子变化

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.10.038

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (10): 5190-5201.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.10.038

猪流行性腹泻病毒感染仔猪的免疫器官组织病理学和部分细胞因子变化

李豪¹^,²(), 徐巧玉¹^,²(), 靳晓慧¹^,², 陈红英¹^,², 李庆豪¹^,², 金鑫¹^,², 马俊兴¹^,²^,*(), 马世杰¹^,²^,*(), 魏战勇¹^,²

1. 河南农业大学动物医学院，郑州 450046
2. 动物病原与生物安全教育部重点实验室，郑州 450046

收稿日期:2024-11-13 出版日期:2025-10-23 发布日期:2025-11-01
通讯作者: 马俊兴,马世杰 E-mail:15037382071@163.com;13037580584@163.com;majx@henau.edu.cn;participate2006@126.com
作者简介:李豪(2001-)，男，河南商丘人，硕士，主要从事猪冠状病毒致病机制研究，E-mail：15037382071@163.com
徐巧玉(2001-)，女，河南商丘人，硕士，主要从事猪冠状病毒致病机制研究，E-mail：13037580584@163.com
第一联系人：
李豪和徐巧玉为同等贡献作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目(32130106)；国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金重点项目(U22A20520)；中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2023M741058)

Histopathological Changes of Immune Organs and Alterations of Cytokines in Piglets Infected with Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

LI Hao¹^,²(), XU Qiaoyu¹^,²(), JIN Xiaohui¹^,², CHEN Hongying¹^,², LI Qinghao¹^,², JIN Xin¹^,², MA Junxing¹^,²^,*(), MA Shijie¹^,²^,*(), WEI Zhanyong¹^,²

1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
2. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450046, China

Received:2024-11-13 Online:2025-10-23 Published:2025-11-01
Contact: MA Junxing, MA Shijie E-mail:15037382071@163.com;13037580584@163.com;majx@henau.edu.cn;participate2006@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus，PEDV)感染对仔猪免疫器官的影响，选取8头5日龄健康仔猪作为研究对象，随机分为对照组(n=4)和PEDV感染组(n=4)。PEDV感染仔猪后观察并记录临床症状，在病毒感染2 d后实施安乐死并采集胸腺、脾、肠系膜淋巴结、髂下淋巴结、腹股沟淋巴结、肩前淋巴结、下颌淋巴结和肺门淋巴结。利用HE染色观察各免疫器官的病理学变化，通过IHC、Western blot和RT-qPCR分别检测病毒在免疫器官的分布、表达量以及肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor α，TNF-α)、干扰素-β(interferon β，IFN-β)、白细胞介素-1(interleukin 1，IL-1)与白细胞介素-6(interleukin 6，IL-6)表达量的变化。结果显示：仔猪感染PEDV 1 d后发生水样腹泻。第二天剖检观察到各淋巴结有不同程度的肿大。HE染色发现PEDV主要引起脾脏红髓部分增多，脾索和脾窦界限模糊，脾窦中可见大量的细胞破裂；肠系膜淋巴结中小梁增生变厚，淋巴小结结构模糊不清，数量减少。IHC和RT-qPCR结果显示，PEDV在脾脏、肠系膜淋巴结等免疫器官均有分布，其中肠系膜淋巴结内病毒载量最高；而Western blot未能在以上组织中检测到该病毒。RT-qPCR检测脾脏和肠系膜淋巴结结果表明TNF-α、IFN-β和IL-1均有不同程度的升高，IL-6未发生明显变化。上述结果说明PEDV感染仔猪后部分免疫器官结构受到破坏，且影响了脾脏和肠系膜淋巴结中免疫相关因子TNF-α、IFN-β和IL-1的转录水平，这也为深入研究PEDV的致病机制提供了坚实的基础。

关键词: 猪流行性腹泻病毒, 仔猪, 免疫器官, 病理损伤, 免疫相关因子, 病毒分布

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to explore the effect of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infected piglets on the immune organs, eight healthy 5-day-old piglets were randomly divided into control group (n=4) and PEDV-infected group (n=4). The clinical symptoms of piglets infected with PEDV were observed, and the thymus, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, inferior iliac lymph nodes, inguinal lymph nodes, anterior shoulder lymph nodes, mandibular lymph nodes and hilar lymph nodes were collected after 2 days of viral infection. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to examine the pathological changes of the immune tissues and organs. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot and RT-qPCR were used to detect the distribution pattern of PEDV, PEDV-N mRNA and protein levels, and transcription levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon β (IFN-β), interleukin 1 (IL-1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the immune system. (Result) Compared with the control group, the infected piglets exhibited symptoms of watery diarrhea beginning at 1 day postinfection (dpi), and the lymph nodes were congested with different degrees at 2 dpi. The increased red pulp, the rupture of cells in splenic sinus, and the indistinct boundary between splenic cord and splenic sinus were observed in the infected spleen via HE staining. Trabecular hyperplasia was detected in mesenteric lymph nodes. Furthermore, the lymph nodes became unclear in structure and decreased in number. IHC and RT-qPCR results showed that PEDV was distributed in multiple immune organs, and the viral load was the highest in mesenteric lymph nodes. Unexpectedly, PEDV-N protein was not detected in all immune tissues using Western blot. In addition, it was found that the transcription levels of TNF-α, IFN-β, and IL-1 increased in the infected spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. This study demonstrated that PEDV infection destroyed the structure of immune organs and had a significant effect on the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IFN-β, and IL-1, and provided important information in understanding the pathogenic mechanism of PEDV.

Key words: porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, piglets, immune organs, pathological injury, immune-related factors, virus distribution

中图分类号:

S858.285.3

李豪, 徐巧玉, 靳晓慧, 陈红英, 李庆豪, 金鑫, 马俊兴, 马世杰, 魏战勇. 猪流行性腹泻病毒感染仔猪的免疫器官组织病理学和部分细胞因子变化[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(10): 5190-5201.

LI Hao, XU Qiaoyu, JIN Xiaohui, CHEN Hongying, LI Qinghao, JIN Xin, MA Junxing, MA Shijie, WEI Zhanyong. Histopathological Changes of Immune Organs and Alterations of Cytokines in Piglets Infected with Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(10): 5190-5201.

图/表 5

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猪流行性腹泻病毒感染仔猪的免疫器官组织病理学和部分细胞因子变化

Histopathological Changes of Immune Organs and Alterations of Cytokines in Piglets Infected with Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

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