猫过敏原Fel d 1研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.11.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球有相当一部分人群因对猫过敏而受到影响，患者症状小到鼻炎，大到哮喘，甚至呼吸障碍，对过敏患者的生活造成严重影响。Fel d 1是目前公认的主要猫过敏原，是一种分泌型球蛋白，主要产生于猫的皮脂腺和唾液腺，在猫梳理毛发的过程中分布到猫毛上，并最终散播到空气中。为解决人类对猫过敏这一难题，相关研究人员尝试从多条途径减少Fel d 1的分泌或控制其传播，以达到缓解或消除猫过敏患者的过敏反应，如通过清洁猫毛、清洁室内环境、培育低过敏性猫、为猫注射疫苗等方法来实现。本文就猫过敏原的研究进展和对猫过敏的管理控制以及治疗措施进行综述。

关键词: 过敏, Fel d 1, 症状, 管理, 治疗

Abstract:

A significant portion of the global population is affected by allergies to cats, with symptoms ranging from rhinitis to asthma and respiratory disorders, which have a serious impact on the lives of allergy sufferers. Fel d 1 is currently recognized as the main allergen in cats. It is a secretory globulin primarily produced in the sebaceous and salivary glands of cats, distributed onto their fur during grooming and eventually dispersed into the air. To address the challenge of cat allergies in humans, researchers have attempted various approaches to reduce the secretion of Fel d 1 or control its spread. These efforts aim to alleviate or eliminate allergic reactions in cat allergy patients, including methods such as cleaning cat fur, maintaining a clean indoor environment, breeding hypoallergenic cats, and administering vaccines to cats. This paper provides an overview of the research progress on feline allergens, management and control of cat allergies, and treatment measures.

Key words: allergy, Fel d 1, symptoms, management, treatment

中图分类号:

田宏凯, 李琛琛, 李巴仑, 赵献军, 华进联. 猫过敏原Fel d 1研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(11): 4863-4871.

Hongkai TIAN, Chenchen LI, Balun LI, Xianjun ZHAO, Jinlian HUA. Research Progress of Cats Allergen Fel d 1[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(11): 4863-4871.

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过敏原 Allergen	蛋白家族 Protein family	主要来源 Major source	相对分子质量/ku Molecular mass
Fel d 1	分泌球蛋白Secretoglobin	皮屑、唾液Dander, saliva	38
Fel d2	血清白蛋白Serum albumin	皮屑、血清、尿液Dander, serum, urine	69
Fel d3	胱抑素A Cystatin A	皮屑Dander	11
Fel d4	脂质运载蛋白Lipocalin	唾液Saliva	22
Fel d5	IgA	唾液、血清Saliva, serum	400
Fel d6	IgM	唾液、血清Saliva, serum	800~1 000
Fel d7	脂质运载蛋白Lipocalin	唾液Saliva	17.5
Fel d8	Latherin-like	唾液Saliva	24

诊断方式 Diagnostic mode	内容 Contents
一般诊断 General diagnosis	询问有无过敏史，观察有无鼻炎和哮喘等症状，是否在存在过敏原的环境停留等 Ask if you have a history of allergies, look for symptoms such as rhinitis and asthma, and whether you have stayed in an environment where allergens are present
血清学检测 Serological test	特异性IgE抗体水平 Specific IgE antibody levels
皮肤点刺试验 Skin prick test	观察点刺部位是否出现类似蚊虫叮咬的红肿块，瘙痒，或颜色上有改变 Look for red, swollen patches, itching, or changes in color similar to mosquito bites

不同干预水平 Different intervention levels	措施 Measures
猫 Cat	将猫从家中带走Remove the cat from the home
猫 Cat	敲除产生变应原的相关基因 Knock out the gene involved in producing the allergen
环境 Environment	定期清洁室内卫生Clean the house regularly
	家中改用不易黏附过敏原的家居用品 Switch to household products that don’t stick to allergens
	定期为猫洗澡Bathe your cat regularly
患者 Patient	药物治疗Drug therapy
患者 Patient	免疫疗法Immunotherapy

控制措施 Control measures	评价 Evaluation
清洁猫毛 Clean cat hair	仅短时间内减少Fel d 1在环境中的分布 Reduces the distribution of Fel d 1 in the environment for only a short time
清洁环境 Clean environment	在一定程度上减少环境中的Fel d 1分布，但只是短时间内有效 Reduces Fel d 1 distribution in the environment to some extent, but only for a short period of time
培育低过敏性猫 Breed hypoallergenic cats	目前尚未全面落实，未来有望使用基因编辑技术实现 At present, it has not been fully implemented, and it is expected to be achieved using gene editing technology in the future
为猫注射疫苗 Vaccinate cats	接种疫苗有助于减少Fel d 1分泌，但安全性有待考究 Vaccination helps to reduce Fel d 1 secretion, but safety remains to be determined
猫粮中掺入抗Fel d 1 IgY免疫球蛋白 Anti-Fel d 1 IgY immunoglobulin was added to the cat diet	能够有效中和Fel d 1，从源头上减少Fel d 1分泌，安全性高 It can effectively neutralize Fel d 1 and reduce Fel d 1 secretion from the source, with high safety
免疫疗法 Immunotherapy	对患者的益处与安全性有待进一步探索 The benefits and safety for patients need to be further explored

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