畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (3): 971-983.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.03.011

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

细菌外膜囊泡结构、分泌特性及致病机制

高远集1,2,3, 刘畅1,2,3, 陈淼1, 陈松彪1,2,3, 张俊峰4, 李静1,2,3, 贾艳艳1,2,3, 廖成水1,2,3, 郭荣显1,2,3, 丁轲1,2,3, 余祖华1,2,3*, 尚珂1,2,3*   

  1. 1. 河南科技大学动物科技学院/功能微生物与畜禽健康实验室, 洛阳 471003;
    2. 洛阳市活载体生物材料与动物疫病防控重点实验室, 洛阳 471003;
    3. 河南科技大学动物疫病与公共卫生重点实验室, 洛阳 471003;
    4. 河南科技大学医学技术与工程学院, 洛阳 471003
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-27 出版日期:2024-03-23 发布日期:2024-03-27
  • 通讯作者: 尚珂,主要从事畜禽病原微生物学研究,E-mail:shangke0624@163.com;余祖华,主要从事动物传染病学研究,Tel:0379-64280348,E-mail:yzhd05@163.com
  • 作者简介:高远集(1997-),男,河南淇县人,硕士,主要从事功能微生物与畜禽健康研究,E-mail:987086098@qq.com;刘畅(1998-),女,河南巩义人,硕士,主要从事功能微生物与畜禽健康研究,E-mail:2079838050@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    河南科技大学博士研究启动专项基金(13480102);河南省自然科学基金资助项目(232300421263);河南省科技研发计划联合基金(232103810029)

Structure, Secretory Characteristics, and Pathogenic Mechanism of Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles

GAO Yuanji1,2,3, LIU Chang1,2,3, CHEN Miao1, CHEN Songbiao1,2,3, ZHANG Junfeng4, LI Jing1,2,3, JIA Yanyan1,2,3, LIAO Chengshui1,2,3, GUO Rongxian1,2,3, DING Ke1,2,3, YU Zuhua1,2,3*, SHANG Ke1,2,3*   

  1. 1. College of Animal Science and Technology/Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China;
    2. Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Luoyang 471003, China;
    3. The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China;
    4. College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
  • Received:2023-06-27 Online:2024-03-23 Published:2024-03-27

摘要: 外膜囊泡(outer membrane vesicles,OMVs)是革兰阴性菌在生长过程中释放到胞外的囊泡状结构, 被认为是细菌的"远程武器",其功能主要是攻击宿主组织并帮助细菌定植、损害宿主细胞功能、调节宿主的防御,因此OMVs在细菌致病过程中发挥着重要作用。囊泡中的物质通过与细菌释放出的自诱导物化学信号分子结合,可以驱使细菌或者囊泡在内环境中发挥特殊功能,如群体感应、生物膜形成、获取营养、抗生素抗性、应激反应、对抗其它微生物的竞争或防御、微生物群落状态、核酸转移、水平基因转移、毒素和毒力因子的递送等,且在细菌生长周期发挥着不可或缺的作用。本文主要综述OMVs结构、分泌特性及其致病机制的最新研究进展,为深入研究细菌的致病机制以及开发新的抗菌策略提供理论指导。

关键词: 细菌, 外膜囊泡, 结构, 分泌特性, 致病机制

Abstract: Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are vesicle-like structures released by Gram-negative bacteria during their growth. OMVs can be considered as "long-range weapons" of bacteria. OMVs play an important role in bacterial pathogenesis, which functions are to attack host tissues and help bacterial pathogens establish their biological niche, damage host cell functions, and regulate host defense. The substances secreted by bacteria into vesicles can drive special functions in the environment through combination, such as quorum sensing communication, biofilm formation, nutrition acquisition, antibiotic resistance, stress response, competition or defense against other microorganisms, environment, microbial community status, nucleic acid transfer, horizontal gene transfer, delivery of toxins and virulence factors. These characteristics play an indispensable role in the growth cycle of bacteria. This article mainly reviews the latest research progress in the structure, secretory characteristics, and regulatory pathogenicity mechanism of bacterial OMVs, providing theoretical guidance for the in-depth study of bacterial pathogenicity mechanism and the development of new antibacterial strategies.

Key words: bacteria, outer membrane vesicles, structure, secretion characteristics, pathogenesis

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