畜禽疱疹病毒逃避CTL识别的策略:干扰MHC-Ⅰ分子抗原递呈途径

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2023.06.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 畜禽疱疹病毒持续感染会损害养殖动物的健康,影响生产性能。借助自身强大的免疫逃避能力,疱疹病毒可以有效抵抗畜禽宿主免疫系统的识别和清除。疱疹病毒在复制过程中,充分利用宿主细胞加工机制产生多种分子类型,干扰MHC-Ⅰ介导的抗原递呈途径,从而避免被细胞毒性T细胞清除。解析病毒蛋白下调MHC-Ⅰ的分子机制是疱疹病毒研究的热点领域之一。本文总结近十年来畜禽疱疹病毒调节MHC-Ⅰ分子的研究进展,按MHC-Ⅰ递呈抗原的不同阶段详细介绍相关蛋白的分子机制,分析了病毒同源蛋白的结构域和功能差异,指出本研究领域目前存在的问题和今后需要突破的方向,以期为治疗畜禽疱疹病毒感染、开发和优化疫苗提供新的视角。

关键词: 畜禽, 疱疹病毒, MHC-Ⅰ下调, 分子机制

Abstract: Persistent infections with herpesviruses are detrimental to the health of farm animals and cause impairment of animal husbandry performance. Due to their robust capability of immune evasion, herpesviruses can effectively antagonize the recognition and consequent elimination by the immune systems of livestock hosts. During the process of replication, herpesviruses take advantage of the host cellular machineries to produce various types of molecules that disrupt the MHC-Ⅰ (major histocompatibility complex class Ⅰ) -mediated antigen presentation pathway, thereby evading the viral clearance by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). For herpesviruses, one of the most active research focuses has centered on elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which viral proteins manipulate to induce reduction of MHC-Ⅰ expression. This review summarizes the research advances that have been made over the past decade concerning the modulation of MHC-Ⅰ molecules caused by infection with herpesviruses in livestock. Mechanistically, the involvements of viral proteins were illustrated based on the stages of MHC-Ⅰ antigen presentation. In addition, the domains and functions of the viral homologues were analyzed. By highlighting the current issues and future trends in this field, our perspectives shed novel insights into the therapeutic treatments as well as the development and optimization of vaccines for protecting domestic animals from herpesvirus infections.

Key words: livestock, herpesviruses, MHC class Ⅰ downregulation, molecular mechanisms

中图分类号:

S852.659.1

冯伟民, 刘潇, 黄腾. 畜禽疱疹病毒逃避CTL识别的策略:干扰MHC-Ⅰ分子抗原递呈途径[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(6): 2241-2251.

FENG Weimin, LIU Xiao, HUANG Teng. The Evasion Strategy against CTL Recognition by Herpesviruses of Domestic Animals: Interference with MHC Class Ⅰ Antigen Presentation Pathway[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(6): 2241-2251.

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