北京地区犬呼吸道冠状病毒感染状况的监测与分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2022.10.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究旨在分析犬呼吸道冠状病毒（canine respiratory coronavirus，CRCoV）的感染情况和在北京地区的流行病学状况。采用RT-PCR方法，对自2015年12月—2017年3月于中国农业大学动物医院采集的487份犬咽鼻拭子进行了CRCoV检测，同时，对部分样本进行了犬副流感病毒（canine parainfluenza virus，CPIV）、犬腺病毒II型（canine adenovirus type 2，CAV-2）、犬瘟热病毒（canine distemper virus，CDV）等病毒的混合感染情况调查。结果表明：CRCoV的阳性率为21.36%（104/487）；CRCoV与CPIV、CAV-2、CDV的混合感染率分别为3.43%（11/321），0%（0/156）和3.85%（6/156）。在所有呼吸道症状记录完整的455例样本中，无呼吸道症状的犬CRCoV携带率为27.19%（31/114）；呈轻度呼吸道症状（鼻液、咳嗽）的犬CRCoV感染率为19.73%（59/299）；呈中至重度呼吸道症状（肺炎）的犬CRCoV感染率为14.28%（6/42）。对2016年11月―2017年3月采集的146例样本进行CRCoV与CPIV、CAV-2、CDV混合感染情况调查，CRCoV带毒犬混合感染率为12.50%（1/8）；呈轻度呼吸道症状的CRCoV感染犬混合感染率为41.18%（7/17）；呈中至重度呼吸道症状的CRCoV感染犬混合感染率为100.00%（2/2）。454例不同年龄段犬的CRCoV阳性率为15.56%~22.97%；除7月份CRCoV检出率高外，较冷的冬春季节检出率高于夏秋季节。结果提示：CRCoV的致病力较弱，单一感染犬常表现为无或轻度呼吸道症状，与其他呼吸道病毒（CPIV、CAV-2、CDV）混合感染时多出现轻度或中至重度呼吸道症状。该病毒在冬春季节更易流行；其感染率和年龄无显著关系。

关键词: 犬呼吸道冠状病毒, 感染率, 致病特点, 流行病学

Abstract: This study aimed to analyse the pathogenic characteristics and the epidemiological situation of canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) in Beijing. From December 2015 to March 2017, Pharynx nasal swabs from 487 dogs were collected and reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reactions was used to detect CRCoV. Meanwhile, some of the samples were also used to detected canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) and canine distemper virus (CDV) for exploring the situation of mixed infection. The results showed that:1) The positive rates of CRCoV was 21.36% (104/487). The mixed infection rates of CRCoV and CPIV, CAV-2, CDV were 3.43% (11/321), 0% (0/156) and 3.85% (6/156) respectively. 2) Among all 455 cases which had respiratory symptom records, dogs which had non-respiratory symptom accounting for 27.19% of all dogs without respiratory symptoms, dogs which had mild respiratory symptoms (coughing and nasal discharging) accounting for 19.73% of all dogs with mild respiratory symptoms, dogs which had moderate to severe respiratory symptoms (pneumonia) accounting for 14.28% of all dogs with moderate to severe respiratory symptoms. 3) From November 2016 to March 2017, the mixed infection between CRCoV and CPIV, CAV-2, CDV in 146 cases was explored. The mixed infection rates of the dogs which were tested CRCoV positive and had non-respiratory symptom was 12.50%. The mixed infection rates of the dogs which were tested CRCoV positive and had mild respiratory symptoms was 41.18%. The mixed infection rates of the dogs which were tested CRCoV positive and had moderate to severe respiratory symptoms was 100.00%. 4) The infection rates of CRCoV varied from 15.56% to 22.97% in different age groups among 454 samples. Except for the high positive rates in July, the positive rates in cold season is higher than warm season. These results indicated that the pathogenicity of CRCoV is rather weak. Dogs suffer pure infection of this virus often show non-respiratory symptom or mild respiratory symptoms. Dogs which are CRCoV positive suffer mixed infection often show mild respiratory symptoms or moderate to severe respiratory symptoms. This virus is more likely to be prevalent in winter and spring. The infection rates has no significant relationship with age.

Key words: canine respiratory coronavirus, infective rates, pathogenic characteristics, epidemiology

中图分类号:

S852.659.6

肖园, 吕艳丽, 孙艳争. 北京地区犬呼吸道冠状病毒感染状况的监测与分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2022, 53(10): 3522-3529.

XIAO Yuan, LÜ Yanli, SUN Yanzheng. Surveillance and Analysis of Canine Respiratory Coronavirus Infection in Beijing[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(10): 3522-3529.

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