牛亚科物种TRs分布特点及着丝粒区卫星DNA进化研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2021.010.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在研究牛亚科物种间串联重复序列（tandem repeats sequence，TRs）的分布特点及着丝粒区卫星DNA的进化关系。本研究基于普通牛、瘤牛、牦牛、水牛、野牛、独龙牛6个牛亚科物种的基因组序列，研究了不同物种间TRs的组成、分布及结构特点，并分析了6个牛亚科物种染色体着丝粒区卫星DNA的进化关系。结果表明：1）TRs在牛亚科物种中平均占比为2.03%，平均长度54.93 Mb，其中普通牛的占比最高3.42%（93.00 Mb），瘤牛最低1.42%（37.88 Mb）。2）微卫星DNA在3类TRs中位点数最多，为483 405，占TRs总位点数85.64%，高于小卫星DNA（43 026，7.62%）和卫星DNA（38 180，6.75%）。3）通过对微卫星DNA丰度和平均长度分析发现，二碱基微卫星DNA在牛亚科物种中丰度最高，为70.93 loci/Mb，且以AC拷贝类别为主。4）通过构建着丝粒区1.715和1.723卫星DNA的系统发育树发现，1.715卫星DNA普遍存在于牛亚科物种的基因组中，而1.723卫星DNA在牦牛中不存在，两类卫星DNA在不同物种间或不同染色体上存在不同程度分化，具有较明显的种间特异性。TRs在牛亚科6个物种中平均占比为2.03%，微卫星DNA为TRs主要序列，且二碱基微卫星丰度最高，并以AC拷贝类别为主；1.715卫星DNA普遍存在于6个牛亚科物种的基因组中，但在物种间或染色体间存在不同程度分化。本研究结果为牛亚科物种间TRs分布特征及进化关系研究提供了重要理论依据。

关键词: 牛亚科, 串联重复序列, 卫星DNA, 进化

Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution characterization of tandem repeats sequence (TRs) and the evolution of centromeric satellite DNA in bovinae. In this study, based on the genome sequences of 6 bovine subfamily species including Bos taurus, Bos indicus, Bos mutus, Bubalus bubalis, Bison bison and Bos frontalis, the composition, distribution and structural characteristics of TRs among different species were studied, and the evolutionary relationships of centromeric satellite DNA were analyzed. The results showed that:1) The average percentage and length of TRs in the 6 bovine subfamily species were 2.03% and 54.93 Mb, resepctviely. Of which the highest percentage and length was Bos taurus (3.42%, 93.00 Mb), the lowest was Bos indicus (1.42%, 37.88 Mb). 2) Among the 3 types of tandem repeats, microsatellite DNA had the largest number(483 405), accounting for 85.64% of the total TRs, which was higher than minisatellites (43 026, 7.62%) and satellite sequences (38 180, 6.75%). 3) Through the analysis of the abundance and average length of microsatellite DNA, the dinucleo-tide of microsatellite DNA had the highest abundance in bovine subfamily, which was 70.93 loci/Mb and dominated by AC copy types. 4) 1.715 satellite sequence generally present in the genomes of bovinae species by constructing phylogenetic trees of 1.715 and 1.723 satellite sequences, while the 1.723 sequence was lacking in yaks. The two types of satellite sequences had different degrees of differentiation between different species or different chromosomes, which had obvious interspecies specificity. The average proportion of TRs in the 6 species of bovine subfamily was 2.03%. Microsatellite DNA was the main composition of TRs, the abundance of dinucleotide microsatellites was the highest, and the AC copy type was dominant. 1.715 satellite DNA generally existed in the genomes of 6 bovine subfamily species, but there were different degrees of differentiation among species or chromosomes. The results of this study provide an theoretical basis for the study of TRs distribution characteristics and evolutionary relationships among bovinae species.

Key words: bovinae, tandem repeats sequence, satellite DNA, evolution

中图分类号:

S823.2

张瑞, 马钧, 陈燕, 张天留, 范婷婷, 朱波, 张路培, 徐凌洋, 高会江, 李俊雅, 高雪. 牛亚科物种TRs分布特点及着丝粒区卫星DNA进化研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2021, 52(10): 2792-2802.

ZHANG Rui, MA Jun, CHEN Yan, ZHANG Tianliu, FAN Tingting, ZHU Bo, ZHANG Lupei, XU Lingyang, GAO Huijiang, LI Junya, GAO Xue. Characterization and Distribution of TRs and Evolution of Centromeric Satellite DNA in Bovinae[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2021, 52(10): 2792-2802.

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