东帕米尔高原地区藏兔群体遗传进化分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2022.03.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在利用分子遗传学方法检测东帕米尔高原地区极端环境对当地藏兔群体的遗传多样性、遗传结构及遗传分化的影响,为帕米尔高原物种多样性和遗传多样性的保护提供研究资料。本研究通过PCR扩增及测序技术测定东帕米尔高原地区藏兔的线粒体CO1与ND4基因序列,使用相关生物信息学软件进行数据分析。结果表明,东帕米尔高原地区4个采样点37例藏兔样本的线粒体基因串联序列共检测到17种单倍型,总核苷酸多样性为(0.012±0.006),单倍型多样性为(0.935±0.021),均低于世界其他兔属物种如塔里木兔、欧兔,且海拔相对较高的藏兔群体的遗传多样性低于海拔相对较低的藏兔群体。ML树及中介网络图将全部藏兔分成3个枝Clade A-C,A枝中的样本包含了全部采样地的混合单倍型,B枝仅包含红其拉甫口岸的样本,C枝的样本在世界兔属物种系统发育树中与塔里木兔聚在一起。遗传分化方面,采样点中海拔最高的红其拉甫口岸地区的藏兔种群与其他地理种群间的分化程度最大,乌恰县与阿克陶县两个地理种群间分化程度最小且基因流最大。结合前人的研究成果,本研究结果显示,生活在东帕米尔高原地区的藏兔遗传多样性较低,且未呈现出较强的系统地理分布格局;红其拉甫口岸的藏兔受高原极端环境影响,在线粒体基因水平上与其他藏兔存在一定程度的分化,可能形成了不同的生态型;并且在部分藏兔样本中发现了与塔里木兔线粒体基因渗透现象。

关键词: 藏兔, 高原, 线粒体基因, 群体遗传进化

Abstract: The study aimed to investigate the effects of extreme environment on the genetic diversity, genetic structure and genetic differentiation of Lepus tibetanus in the eastern Pamir Plateau by molecular genetics method, and to supply research materials for the conservation of species diversity and genetic diversity in the Pamir Plateau. In this study, the sequence of the mitochondrial CO1 and ND4 genes of L. tibetanus from the eastern Pamir Plateau were detected, and the related bioinformatics softwares for data analysis were used. The results showed that 17 haplotypes were detected in the mitochondrial gene concatenate sequences of 37 L. tibetanus from 4 sampling areas in the eastern Pamir Plateau. The total nucleotide diversity was (0.012±0.006), and the haplotype diversity was (0.935±0.021), which were lower than other Lepu, such as Lepus yarkandensis and Lepus europaeus. Moreover, the genetic diversity of L. tibetanus at relatively high altitudes was lower than that of L. tibetanus at relatively low altitudes. All L. tibetanus were divided into 3 Clade A-C by ML tree and median-joining network. Samples in Clade A had the mixed haplotypes from all the sampling area, samples in Clade B had only L. tibetanus from Khunjerab Pass, and samples in Clade C clustered together with L. yarkandensis in the world Lepus phylogenetic tree. In terms of genetic differentiation, the L. tibetanus population in the Khunjerab Pass area with the highest altitude had the highest degree of differentiation from other populations, and the L. tibetanus population in Wuqia County and Akto County had the lowest degree of differentiation and the largest gene flow. Based on previous studies, it is suggested that the genetic diversity of L. tibetanus from the eastern Pamir Plateau is relatively low, and there is no strong systematic geographical distribution pattern. The L. tibetanus at Khunjerab Pass differed from other L. tibetanus at the mitochondrial gene level under the influence of the extreme environment at the plateau and may have formed different ecotypes. In addition, the introgression of mitochondrial DNA in L. tibetanus caused by hybridization with L. yarkandensis was found.

Key words: Lepus tibetanus, plateau, mitochondria gene, population genetic evolution

中图分类号:

S829.1

周世玉, 米热姑丽·麦麦提, 刘鹏, 孟阳, 聂文悦, 滕培晨, 单文娟. 东帕米尔高原地区藏兔群体遗传进化分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2022, 53(3): 731-742.

ZHOU Shiyu, MAMAT Miregul, LIU Peng, MENG Yang, NIE Wenyue, TENG Peichen, SHAN Wenjuan. Population Genetic Evolution of Lepus tibetanus in Eastern Pamir Plateau[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(3): 731-742.

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