布鲁氏菌脂多糖的生物合成及其在免疫逃逸中的生物学功能

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.10.009

Abstract

Abstract:

Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Brucella spp., which poses a serious threat to human health and the development of the livestock industry. Brucella is an intracellular pathogen, and its ability to evade the host's innate immune response and survive within host cells is a key aspect of its virulence. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is one of the major virulence factors encoded by Brucella. Compared to other Gram-negative bacteria, the main components, spatial structure, and linkage of Brucella LPS are distinct, which results in its unique low endotoxicity. Moreover, Brucella LPS plays a crucial role in helping the bacteria evade recognition by the host's immune system and in modulating immune responses. This review focuses on Brucella LPS, reviewing its unique structure, biosynthesis process, and immune evasion mechanisms, thereby laying the foundation for a comprehensive understanding of the biological functions of Brucella LPS.

Key words: Brucella, lipopolysaccharides, intracellular survival, immune evasion

CLC Number:

R378.5

WANG Hengtai, JIANG Hui, LI Peng, DING Jiabo. Biosynthesis of Brucella Lipopolysaccharides and Their Biological Functions in Immune Evasion[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(10): 4863-4876.

Figures/Tables 3

Table 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

The mechanism diagram of LPS in the immune evasion process of Brucella(S type) ①The long acyl chains of Brucella S-type LPS lipid A inhibit the recognition and binding of host TLR4/MD-2;②The low levels of phosphorylation and glycosylation of the core oligosaccharide of Brucella S-type LPS inhibit the binding of complement C1q;③The O-antigen of Brucella S-type LPS can bind to the scavenger receptor SR-A on host cell membranes, preventing early fusion with lysosomes, thereby ensuring the early survival of Brucella inside the cells; ④The O-antigen can spatially hinder the presentation process of MHC-Ⅱ, reducing the efficiency of antigen presentation; ⑤The O-antigen limits the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, promoting the survival of Brucella within cells; ⑥The O-antigen inhibits the formation of C3 convertase, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreasing complement-mediated lysis, which facilitates Brucella survival within cells; ⑦The O-antigen suppresses the ER-Stress signaling pathway, benefiting Brucella's survival inside the cells; ⑧The O-antigen activates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in macrophages, promoting the survival of infected cells, which further enhances Brucella survival within cells. Here, C3a + C5a refers to the active peptides produced during the complement activation process—complement C3a and C5a fragments. PI3K/Akt refers to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, which is crucial for regulating cellular processes such as growth, metabolism, and survival. ER-Stress describes a state where the endoplasmic reticulum function is disrupted or damaged. As a response mechanism, cells initiate adaptive processes to restore ER homeostasis, ensuring proper protein folding and normal cellular function. NF-κB refers to a family of transcription factors involved in immune responses, inflammation, cell proliferation, survival, and stress reactions"

Fig. 2

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蛋白 Protein	与铜绿假单胞菌相似性 Similarity with Pseudomonas	与沙门菌相似性 Similarity with Salmonella
LpxA	38.43	39.22
LpxC	43.11	39.22
LpxD	38.30	37.74
LpxB	32.44	32.58
LpxK	36.49	34.81
LpxL	36.49	34.81

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Biosynthesis of Brucella Lipopolysaccharides and Their Biological Functions in Immune Evasion

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