Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (4): 1648-1663.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.04.015
• Review • Previous Articles Next Articles
XU Huihao1,2,*(
), DU Xinyue1, DENG Hang1, PENG Yunying1, YANG Heng1, ZHANG Dezhi1, CAO Lijing3, ZHENG Xiaobo1, GAN Ling1,*()
Received:2025-06-05
Online:2025-04-23
Published:2025-04-28
Contact:
XU Huihao, GAN Ling
E-mail:xuhuihao2dai@163.com;gl9089@swu.edu.cn
CLC Number:
XU Huihao, DU Xinyue, DENG Hang, PENG Yunying, YANG Heng, ZHANG Dezhi, CAO Lijing, ZHENG Xiaobo, GAN Ling. Application and Research Advance of Optical Coherence Tomography in Veterinary Ophthalmology[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(4): 1648-1663.
Fig. 1
OCT examination of cat corneal morphology and thickness[42] A. Feline corneal images captured by Optovue iVue SD-OCT; B. Corneal pachymetry map analysised by Optovue iVue SD-OCT"
Fig. 2
OCT evaluation of anterior angle parameters in canine[44] a. Anterior chamber angle; b. Angle opening distance"
Fig. 3
OCT measurement of retinal thickness in canine[53] A. Whole retinal thickness, including the retinal pigment epithelium; B. Photoreceptor layer (PR)-includes outer nuclear layer, inner segments and outer segments of photoreceptors; C. Outer nuclear layer (ONL); Retinal nerve fiber layer (NFL) is delineated with the red lines; IPL. Inner plexiform layer; INL. Inner nuclear layer; OPL. Outer plexiform layer; IS. Inner segments; OS. Outer segments"
Fig. 4
Fundus photographs and OCT scans of the optic nerve head (ONH) coloboma in collie crossbreed dog at 33 weeks of age[64] A. Genesis image shows an abnormal ONH; B. Spectralis Red Free (RF)-cSLO composite illustrating the abnormal vasculature (black arrows) and ONH; C. Serial horizontal scans through the ONH demonstrating structural abnormalities. A prominent intercalary membrane is visible (white arrows, C1, 3); D. Scan through the area of choroidal hypoplasia and the paucity of choroidal vessels (yellow arrows); E. Vertical scan through the ONH showing a white lesion with absent retinal layering; F. Magnified view of C1 (site indicated by dashed yellow line) of a section of normal appearing retina; G. Magnified view of C3 (site indicated by dashed blue line). The first arrow demonstrates a section of retina that has lost most of its normal layering, and the second arrow shows the the ICM overlaying the choroid appears as a thin layer of undifferentiated tissue; H. Section of atrophic retina from C4 (site indicated by dashed orange line). It is apparent that there is a thinning of the total retina in this section"
Fig. 5
OCT evaluation of retinal changes in canine glaucomatous eyes[96] OCT shows significant NFL loss in all quadrants"
Fig. 6
OCT examination of corneal conditions in feline corneal sequestrum at various stages during the perioperative period[104] A. Preoperative image; B. Immediate post-operatively examination; C. Three months post-operatively; D. Six months post-operatively; E. Twelve months post-operatively"
Table 1
Application of OCT in veterinary ophthalmology"
| OCT分类 OCT classification | 原理 Principle | 兽医眼科学中的应用 Application in veterinary ophthalmology | 所用物种 Species | |
| 时域OCT Time-domain optical coherence tomography (TD-OCT) | TD-OCT基于低相干干涉原理，通过测量光波反射生成内部结构横截面图像，提供强大穿透力的图像。但由于其扫描波长较长，图像分辨率较低 | 研究初期应用，发展至今是一种成熟的技术，并在诊断领域的应用较多。TD-OCT相对SD-OCT分辨率较低，速度有限，同时相对便宜，直接识别某些组织如Schwalbe线(SL)具有挑战性，同时与SD-OCT相比可靠性指标较低，主要用于基础研究和初步临床应用 | 犬 | |
| 傅里叶域 OCT Frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) | 谱域OCT Spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) | SD-OCT利用光谱分析，实现更高分辨率和更快扫描速度。SD-OCT可收集单个横截面或形成完整三维(3D)图像，通过不同组织光学特性的变化导致不同的反射强度生成不同信号，储存为图像数据，从而测量不同组织厚度 | SD-OCT的图像分辨率得到提高，广泛应用于眼前节和眼后节检查，如角膜厚度测量、前葡萄膜炎诊断、视网膜疾病检测、青光眼的研究，甚至检测很小的结构，甚至可以检测很小的结构，例如后弹力层膜的末端，或者测量较为虹膜角角参数 | 犬、猫、鼠、兔、马、蛇、蝾螈 |
| 傅里叶域 OCT Frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) | 前节OCT Anterior segment-optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) | AS-OCT是SD-OCT的一种改进形式，专门用于眼前节结构成像，例如提供可视化的角度几何形状，能为眼前节的定性和定量分析提供详细的横截面图像。AS-OCT利用自适应光学元件来校正波前畸变，具有出色的操作间可重复性。其子类别包括超高分辨率OCT，光谱OCT等AS-OCT，实现低于2 μm的轴向分辨率和散射和吸收特定光谱等功能 | 用于评估角膜厚度、前房角、Schlemm管、虹膜基质形态、厚度等结构，适用于角膜水肿、角膜异物、前葡萄膜炎，评估泪液清除率(TCR) | 犬、猫、猪、猴、猫头鹰、小鼠、兔 |
| 扫频OCT Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) | SS-OCT使用扫频激光器，通过使用快速可调谐的窄带激光器作为扫描光源，能在很短时间内顺序改变发射光的波长，实现高分辨率、高灵敏度和高速度成像。相比SD-OCT，SS-OCT能够降低灵敏度衰减和降低样品运动引起的条纹冲刷伪影。由于SS-OCT的实时成像能力，适用于动态观察生物组织的变化 | 详细检查眼底和视网膜结构，评估和监测各种视网膜以及视网膜血流的改变，研究眼后节脉络膜的灌注以及定量检测视网膜层厚度变化 | 鼠、白鲟、猫头鹰 | |
| 偏振敏感OCT Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) | PS-OCT能够同时提供组织的偏振特性以及传统OCT的结构信息。由于不同组织对偏振光的相互作用不同，某些组织会导致偏振态的改变，PS-OCT通过分析这些变化例如双折射变化和偏振散射变化等提供额外信息。PS-OCT用于眼后节结构成像，提供视网膜和脉络膜精细影像，并检测测视网膜神经纤维层中胶原纤维的双折射变化，这是传统OCT无法实现的 | 用于眼前节以及后节的疾病的病例，如研究角膜中双折射异常情况，圆锥角膜，检测视网膜劈裂、视网膜萎缩、SARDS、PRA等视网膜疾病，为青光眼的早期诊断和治疗提供依据 | 鼠、兔 | |
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