异噁唑啉类动物驱虫药的研究及应用

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.01.012

Abstract

Abstract:

Isoxazoline drugs have a variety of biological effects. In recent years, they have been widely used in pet to combat ectoparasites due to their excellent effectiveness and high safety against various types of ectoparasites. Isoxazoline drugs selectively inhibits glutamate and gamma-aminobutyrate gated chloride ion channels in invertebrates, resulting in nervous system dysfunction, paralysis and death. This review focuses on the structural characteristics, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical anthelmintic application of isoxazoline anthelmintic drugs in recent years. The application and potential toxicity of different drugs in veterinary medicine are analyzed, and presents the future prospect of isoxazoline anthelmintics in animals.

Key words: isoxazoline, ectoparasite, safety, veterinary

CLC Number:

S859.795

WANG Dafeng, MA Yehan, CHEN Chun, GONG Jiahao, SILANG Yuzhen, ZHANG Junren, GUO Dawei. Research and Application of Isoxazoline Anthelmintic Drugs in Animals[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(1): 126-135.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1

Table 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Summary of Isoxazoline anthelmintic drugs' information"

主药名称 Main drug names	商品名 Product names	剂型 Dosage form	针对病原 The targeted pathogens	靶动物 Target animals	药代动力学参数 The pharmacokinetic parameters
氟雷拉纳 Fluralaner	BRAVECTO^® (贝卫多)、BRAVECTO^® PLUS、BRAVECTO^® 1-MONTH、Exzolt	咀嚼片、滴剂、溶液、复方滴剂	猫蚤、厩螫蝇、铜绿蝇、埃及伊蚊、微小牛蜱、黑脚硬蜱、美洲犬蜱、血红扇头蜱、长角血蜱、美洲钝眼蜱、蓖子硬蜱、牛虱、家禽红螨、北方禽螨、蠕形螨、疥螨、耳螨	犬、猫、蛋鸡、黑熊、鲑鱼、裸眼袋熊等	生物利用度：≈ 25% 达峰时间(T_max)：1 d(内服)；6~25 d(滴剂) 消除半衰期(T_1/2)：12~19 d 达峰浓度(C_max)：0.7~3.4 μg·mL^-1 表观分布容积(V_d)：3.1 L·kg^-1(犬)； 3.5 L·kg^-1(猫) 清除率(Cl)：5.8 mL·(h·kg)^-1(犬)； 9.6 mL·(h·kg)^-1(猫)
阿福拉纳 Afoxolaner	NexGard^® (尼可信)、NexGard Spectra^® (超可信)、NexGard ^® COMBO、NexGard^® PLUS	咀嚼片、复方滴剂	跳蚤、黑脚硬蜱、长角血蜱、美洲犬蜱、美洲钝眼蜱、血红扇头蜱、蓖子硬蜱、牛虱、莱姆病螺旋体(间接)、蠕形螨、疥螨、耳螨、蛇虱	犬、猫、宠物蛇、蟒蛇、猪等	生物利用度：73.9% 达峰时间(T_max)：2~6 h 消除半衰期(T_1/2)：≈16 d 达峰浓度(C_max)：1.7 μg·mL^-1 表观分布容积(V_d)：2.68 L·kg^-1(犬) 清除率(Cl)：4.95 mL·(h·kg)^-1
乐替拉纳 Lotilaner	Credelio^TM (可立奥)、Credelio^TM PLUS、Credelio^TM CAT、Xdemvy^TM	咀嚼片、滴眼液、复方片剂	跳蚤、美洲钝眼蜱、美洲犬蜱、血红扇头蜱、黑脚硬蜱、蓖子硬蜱、牛虱、蠕形螨	犬、猫等	生物利用度：拌料给药可达81%(犬)；100%(猫) 达峰时间(T_max)：2~4 h 消除半衰期(T_1/2)：≈30 d 达峰浓度(C_max)：4.0 μg·mL^-1 表观分布容积(V_d)：6.45 L·kg^-1(犬)； 5.37 L·kg^-1(猫) 清除率(Cl)：7.5 mL·(h·kg)^-1(犬)； 5.4 mL·(h·kg)^-1(猫)
沙罗拉纳 Sarolaner	Simparica^®、Revolution^® PLUS、Simparica TRIO^®	咀嚼片、复方片剂、复方滴剂	跳蚤、美洲钝眼蜱、斑点钝眼蜱、美洲犬蜱、黑脚硬蜱、海湾蜱、蓖子硬蜱、耳螨、牛虱、蠕形螨、疥螨、	犬、猫等	生物利用度：>85% 达峰时间(T_max)：＜24 h 消除半衰期(T_1/2)：11~12 d 达峰浓度(C_max)：1.1 μg·mL^-1 表观分布容积(V_d)：2.81 L·kg^-1(犬) 清除率(Cl)：7.2 mL·(h·kg)^-1(犬)

Table 2

Fig. 3

References 58

1	HUANG S S , ZHU B B , WANG K H , et al. Design, synthesis, and insecticidal and fungicidal activities of Quaternary ammonium salt derivatives of a triazolyphenyl isoxazoline insecticide[J]. Pest Manag Sci, 2022, 78 (5): 2011- 2021. doi: 10.1002/ps.6824
2	KAUR K , KUMAR V , SHARMA A K , et al. Isoxazoline containing natural products as anticancer agents: a review[J]. Eur J Med Chem, 2014, 77, 121- 133. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.02.063
3	MOTA F V B , DE ARAÚJO NETA M S , DE SOUZA FRANCO E , et al. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity and molecular docking study of new aza-bicyclic isoxazoline acylhydrazone derivatives[J]. MedChemComm, 2019, 10 (11): 1916- 1925. doi: 10.1039/C9MD00276F
4	AARJANE M , SLASSI S , GHALEB A , et al. Synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking and in silico ADMET screening studies of novel isoxazoline derivatives from acridone[J]. Arab J Chem, 2021, 14 (4): 103057. doi: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103057
5	GUL M , ERYILMAZ S . Synthesis, antioxidant activity and theoretical investigation of isoxazolines derivatives of monoterpenoids[J]. Lett Org Chem, 2019, 16 (6): 501- 510. doi: 10.2174/1570178616666181226154540
6	ZHANG T , DONG M Y , ZHAO J J , et al. Synthesis and antifungal activity of novel pyrazolines and isoxazolines derived from cuminaldehyde[J]. J Pestic Sci, 2019, 44 (3): 181- 185. doi: 10.1584/jpestics.D19-028
7	FETTACH S , THARI F Z , HAFIDI Z , et al. Biological, toxicological and molecular docking evaluations of isoxazoline-thiazolidine-2, 4-dione analogues as new class of anti-hyperglycemic agents[J]. J Biomol Struct Dyn, 2023, 41 (3): 1072- 1084. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2017348
8	WOODS D J , KNAUER C S . Discovery of veterinary antiparasitic agents in the 21st century: a view from industry[J]. Int J Parasitol, 2010, 40 (10): 1177- 1181. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.04.005
9	CASIDA J E . Golden age of RyR and GABA-R diamide and isoxazoline insecticides: common genesis, serendipity, surprises, selectivity, and safety[J]. Chem Res Toxicol, 2015, 28 (4): 560- 566. doi: 10.1021/tx500520w
10	CORDERO F M , GIOMI D , LASCIALFARI L . Five-membered ring systems with O and N atoms[J]. Prog Heterocycl Chem, 2017, 29, 353- 382.
11	SHOOP W L , HARTLINE E J , GOULD B R , et al. Discovery and mode of action of afoxolaner, a new isoxazoline parasiticide for dogs[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2014, 201 (3-4): 179- 189. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.02.020
12	OZOE Y , ASAHI M , OZOE F , et al. The antiparasitic isoxazoline A1443 is a potent blocker of insect ligand-gated chloride channels[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2010, 391 (1): 744- 749. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.11.131
13	DE VRIES R J G, BAILLON B, LAFONT S, et al. Crystalline forms of (s)-afoxolaner: US, 20180354917A1[P]. 2020-05-26.
14	GASSEL M , WOLF C , NOACK S , et al. The novel isoxazoline ectoparasiticide fluralaner: selective inhibition of arthropod γ-aminobutyric acid- and L-glutamate-gated chloride channels and insecticidal/acaricidal activity[J]. Insect Biochem Mol Biol, 2014, 45, 111- 124. doi: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.11.009
15	谭海军. γ-氨基丁酸门控氯离子通道受体及其靶标杀虫剂[J]. 世界农药, 2022, 44 (2): 38- 53.
	TAN H J . Gama-aminobutyric acid-gated chloride channel receptor and its target insecticides[J]. World Pesticide, 2022, 44 (2): 38- 53.
16	ZHOU X Y , HOHMAN A E , HSU W H . Current review of isoxazoline ectoparasiticides used in veterinary medicine[J]. J Vet Pharmacol Ther, 2022, 45 (1): 1- 15. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12959
17	LYNAGH T , LYNCH J W . Molecular mechanisms of Cys-loop ion channel receptor modulation by ivermectin[J]. Front Mol Neurosci, 2012, 5, 60.
18	WEBER T, SELZER P M. Isoxazolines: a novel chemotype highly effective on ectoparasites[M] //MENG C Q, SLUDER A E. Ectoparasites: Drug Discovery Against Moving Targets. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2018: 243-258.
19	GARCÍA-REYNAGA P , ZHAO C Q , SARPONG R , et al. New GABA/glutamate receptor target for[³H] isoxazoline insecticide[J]. Chem Res Toxicol, 2013, 26 (4): 514- 516. doi: 10.1021/tx400055p
20	ZHAO C Q , CASIDA J E . Insect γ-aminobutyric acid receptors and isoxazoline insecticides: toxicological profiles relative to the binding sites of[³H] fluralaner, [³H] -4'-ethynyl-4-n-propylbicycloorthobenzoate, and[³H] avermectin[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2014, 62 (5): 1019- 1024. doi: 10.1021/jf4050809
21	SLEECKX N , VAN GORP S , KOOPMAN R , et al. Production losses in laying hens during infestation with the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae[J]. Avian Pathol, 2019, 48 (sup1): S17- S21. doi: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1641179
22	PROHACZIK A , MENGE M , HUYGHE B , et al. Safety of fluralaner oral solution, a novel systemic antiparasitic treatment for chickens, in laying hens after oral administration via drinking water[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2017, 10 (1): 363. doi: 10.1186/s13071-017-2291-5
23	O'HALLORAN J. Use of isoxazoline for protection against parasitic pests in fish: CA, 3217124A1[P]. 2022-11-03.
24	WILKINSON V , TAKANO K , NICHOLS D , et al. Fluralaner as a novel treatment for sarcoptic mange in the bare-nosed wombat (Vombatus ursinus): safety, pharmacokinetics, efficacy and practicable use[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2021, 14 (1): 18. doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04500-9
25	VAN WICK P , PAPICH M G , HASHEM B , et al. Pharmacokinetics of a single dose of fluralaner administered orally to American black bears (Ursus americanus)[J]. J Zoo Wildl Med, 2020, 51 (3): 691- 695.
26	KILP S , RAMIREZ D , ALLAN M J , et al. Pharmacokinetics of fluralaner in dogs following a single oral or intravenous administration[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2014, 7, 85. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-85
27	Intervet Inc. Bravecto (fluralaner topical solution) for dogs[R]. Rahway: Intervet Inc., 2016.
28	Intervet Inc. Bravecto (fluralaner topical solution) for cats[R]. Rahway: Intervet Inc., 2022.
29	赵春青, 韩召军, 唐涛. 杀虫剂fluralaner及其衍生物的生物效应和毒理学研究进展[J]. 农药学学报, 2015, 17 (3): 251- 256. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-7303.2015.03.01
	ZHAO C Q , HAN Z J , TANG T . Research progress on bioeffect and toxicology of insecticide fluralaner and its derivatives[J]. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 2015, 17 (3): 251- 256. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-7303.2015.03.01
30	Intervet Inc. NADA 141-426 BRAVECTO^®(fluralaner)Chewable tablets dogs[R]. Rahway: Intervet Inc., 2023.
31	Intervet Inc. Bravecto (fluralaner) chews[R]. Rahway: Intervet Inc., 2022.
32	HINKLE N C , JIRJIS F , SZEWCZYK E , et al. Efficacy and safety assessment of a water-soluble formulation of fluralaner for treatment of natural Ornithonyssus sylviarum infestations in laying hens[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2018, 11 (1): 99. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2678-y
33	THOMAS E , ZOLLER H , LIEBISCH G , et al. In vitro activity of fluralaner and commonly used acaricides against Dermanyssus gallinae isolates from Europe and Brazil[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2018, 11 (1): 361. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2956-8
34	GONÇALVES I L , MACHADO DAS NEVES G , PORTO KAGAMI L , et al. Discovery, development, chemical diversity and design of isoxazoline-based insecticides[J]. Bioorg Med Chem, 2021, 30, 115934. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115934
35	Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. NADA 141-406 NexGard^®(afoxolaner) chewable tablet dogs[R]. Duluth: Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc., 2023.
36	Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. NADA 141-570 NexGard^® COMBO (esafoxolaner, eprinomectin, and praziquantel topical solution) cats[R]. Duluth: Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc., 2023.
37	LETENDRE L , HUANG R , KVATERNICK V , et al. The intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of afoxolaner used as a monthly chewable antiparasitic for dogs[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2014, 201 (3-4): 190- 197. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.02.021
38	LEBON W , BECCATI M , BOURDEAU P , et al. Efficacy of two formulations of afoxolaner (NexGard^® and NexGard Spectra^®) for the treatment of generalised demodicosis in dogs, in veterinary dermatology referral centers in Europe[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2018, 11 (1): 506. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-3083-2
39	Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Canada Inc. NexGard spectra chewable tablets 150/30 mg (XL) (Canada)[R]. Burlington: Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Canada Inc., 2021.
40	FUANTOS GÁMEZ B A , ROMERO NÚÑEZ C , SHEINBERG WAISBURD G , et al. Successful treatment of Ophionyssus natricis with afoxolaner in two Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus)[J]. Vet Dermatol, 2020, 31 (6): 496. doi: 10.1111/vde.12898
41	MENDOZA-ROLDAN J A , NAPOLI E , PERLES L , et al. Afoxolaner (NexGard^®) in pet snakes for the treatment and control of Ophionyssus natricis (Mesostigmata: Macronyssidae)[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2023, 16 (1): 6. doi: 10.1186/s13071-022-05611-1
42	TOUTAIN C E , SEEWALD W , JUNG M . The intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of lotilaner in dogs[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2017, 10 (1): 522. doi: 10.1186/s13071-017-2475-z
43	TOUTAIN C E , SEEWALD W , JUNG M . Pharmacokinetics of lotilaner following a single oral or intravenous administration in cats[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2018, 11 (1): 412. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2966-6
44	Elanco Canada Limited. Credelio chewable tablets (56. 25 mg) (Canada)[R]. Mississauga: Elanco Canada Limited, 2022.
45	Elanco US Inc. NADA 141-494 Credelio? Lotilaner chewable tablets dogs[R]. Greenfield: Elanco US Inc., 2019.
46	Elanco Canada Limited. Credelio PLUS (450 mg/16.88 mg) (Canada)[R]. Mississauga: Elanco Canada Limited, 2022.
47	Tarsus. Pharmaceuticals, Inc. FDA Approves XDEMVY^TM (lotilaner ophthalmic solution) 0. 25% for the treatment of Demodex blepharitis[R]. Irvine: Tarsus, 2023.
48	MCTIER T L , CHUBB N , CURTIS M P , et al. Discovery of sarolaner: a novel, orally administered, broad-spectrum, isoxazoline ectoparasiticide for dogs[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2016, 222, 3- 11. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.02.019
49	WOODS D J, MCTIER T L. Discovery, development, and commercialization of sarolaner (Simparica^®), a novel oral isoxazoline ectoparasiticide for dogs[M] //MENG C Q, SLUDER A E. Ectoparasites: Drug Discovery Against Moving Targets. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2018: 295-318.
50	Zoetis Canada Inc. Simparica chewable tablets (20 mg) (Canada)[R]. Kirkland: Zoetis Canada Inc., 2023.
51	Zoetis Inc. NADA 141-452 Simparica^® sarolaner chewable tablet dogs[R]. Kalamazoo: Zoetis Inc., 2021.
52	Zoetis Inc. Simparica (sarolaner) chewables[R]. Kalamazoo: Zoetis Inc., 2020.
53	Zoetis Inc. NADA 141-521 Simparica TRIO^® (sarolaner, moxidectin, and pyrantel chewable tablets) chewable tablet dogs[R]. Kalamazoo: Zoetis Inc., 2021.
54	Zoetis Inc. Simparica TRIO[R]. Kalamazoo: Zoetis Inc., 2022.
55	Zoetis Inc. NADA 141-502 Revolution^® PLUS (selamectin and sarolaner topical solution) cats[R]. Kalamazoo: Zoetis Inc., 2023.
56	Zoetis Canada Inc. Revolution plus (Canada)[R]. Kirkland: Zoetis Canada Inc., 2024.
57	FDA. Fact sheet for pet owners and veterinarians about potential adverse events associated with isoxazoline flea and tick products[EB/OL]. (2023-08-08). https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/fact-sheet-pet-owners-and-veterinarians-about-potential-adverse-events-associated-isoxazoline-flea.
58	KUNTZ E A , KAMMANADIMINTI S . Safety evaluation of lotilaner in dogs after oral administration as flavoured chewable tablets (Credelio^TM)[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2017, 10 (1): 538. doi: 10.1186/s13071-017-2468-y

异噁唑啉环(▲) Isoxazoline ring	药物名称 Drug name	Ar¹	Ar²	专利公开号 The publication number of the patent	专利申请日 The date of the patent application
	氟雷拉纳 Fluralaner			WO2005085216	2005-03-04
	阿福拉纳 Afoxolaner			WO2009002809A2	2008-06-20
	乐替拉纳 Lotilaner			WO2010070068A2	2009-12-17
	沙罗拉纳 Sarolaner			WO2012120399A1	2012-02-23

[1]	LIANG Guohao, HU Dandan, ZHONG Haiwen, ZHANG Jian, YANG Dehong, WU Zhenfang, YANG Huaqiang, ZHANG Xianwei. Study on the Susceptibility of CD163 Gene Knockout Pigs to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Streptococcus suis, and Haemophilus parasuis [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(12): 5478-5488.
[2]	Ziwen CAI, Zhigang SUN, Xiaohui SI, Ruoyi LÜ, Xiaoye LIU. Research Progress of Veterinary Drugs for Animal Pathogenic Infectious Respiratory Diseases and Analysis of New Drug Research and Development [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(11): 4872-4889.
[3]	ZHAO Wei, Mahmoud M. Abdelsattar, CHAI Jianmin, WANG Xin, DIAO Qiyu, ZHANG Naifeng. Research Progress of Rumen Microbiota Transplantation and Its Application [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(5): 1792-1803.
[4]	ZHANG Jiabin, XU Zhao, ZHOU Guangyu, ZHANG Mengdi, FU Yang, LIU Jiaqi, ZHOU Donghai. Effects of Electroacupuncture Therapy on Renal Function, Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism, Antioxidant Capacity and NRF2 Signaling Pathway in AKI Dogs [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(2): 803-815.
[5]	SUN Kangtai, LIU Bin, LIU Jun, JIANG Dawei, YAO Zhipeng, GE Yiqiang, DENG Xiaoming. Research Progress and Trend Analysis Based on Bibliometric of The National Key Research and Development Program “Animal Project” during the 13th Five-Year Period [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(9): 2819-2832.
[6]	XU Huihao, ZHENG Xiaobo, YANG Heng, TANG Jing, FENG Xueqian, SHEN Xiaojun, GONG Yuhao, LIN Jiahao, JIN Yipeng, LIN Degui. Research Progress of Ocular Surface Transplantation and Implant Materials in Veterinary Medicine [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2021, 52(6): 1481-1488.
[7]	YANG Ailing, LI Guangdong, WU Hao, JI Pengyun, ZHANG Lu, ZHANG Jinlong, ZHANG Xiaosheng, WUSIMAN Abulizi, LIAN Zhengxing, LIU Guoshi. Study of Biosafety Evaluation on Melatonin Synthase AANAT/ASMT Overexpressed Sheep [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2020, 51(7): 1563-1572.
[8]	WANG Xinhua, ZHANG Xingxing, WANG Limin, HUANG Xin, HAN Mengli, ZHANG Yiyuan, GUO Yanhua, TANG Hong, HE Yanhua, ZHONG Fagang, ZHOU Ping. Differences of the Intestinal Microbial Flora Diversity and Composition in IGF-1 Transgenic Superfine Wool Sheep and Non-transgenic Sheep [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2020, 51(10): 2387-2402.
[9]	SUN Kangtai, WANG Xiaolong, ZHANG Jianmin, JIANG Dawei, GE Yiqiang. The Distribution and Review of National Key Research and Development Program in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Field during the 13th Five-Year Period [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2020, 51(1): 198-204.
[10]	CHEN Xia, HE Zhaoxiang, XU Guiyun, ZHENG Jiangxia. Research Progress on Eggshell Cuticle [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2020, 51(1): 18-26.
[11]	WANG Yan-xin, XIE Shu-yu, CHEN Dong-mei, WANG Yu-lian, PAN Yuan-hu, PENG Da-peng, TAO Yan-fei, YUAN Zong-hui. Progress in the Application of Electrochemical Immunosensor in Food Safety Detection [J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2018, 49(7): 1334-1342.
[12]	GAO Jin-fang, YUE Ting-ting, ZHAO Yi, CHEN Dong-mei, YUAN Zong-hui. Progress of Research on Sample Preparation of Multi-residue of Veterinary Drugs [J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2017, 48(1): 8-22.
[13]	WU Tong，ZHAO Lei-lei，ZHANG Dao-kang，XU Fei，ZHANG Ning，JIANG Shan-xiang，LIU Yi-ming. The Safety Evaluation of Ceftiofur Hydrochloride Intramammary Infusion (Dry Cow) [J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2016, 47(8): 1733-1738.
[14]	YANG Liang，PAN Xiao-hua，XIONG Ben-hai，YANG Zhen-gang. A Development of a Beef Production Traceability System Covering Rearing to Marketing Sections [J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2015, 46(8): 1383-1389.
[15]	LIU Xiao-dan，XIN Lei-lei，FAN Jun-hua，KONG Si-yuan，YANG Shu-lin，LI Kui. Analysis on PCR Detection Ability and Environmental Safety Assessment in appA-MxA Co-transgenic Pigs [J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2014, 45(9): 1399-1403.

Research and Application of Isoxazoline Anthelmintic Drugs in Animals

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 5

References 58

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments