生物矿化对新城疫病毒LaSota株生物学特性及免疫原性的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.12.029

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aims to investigate the effects of biomineralization on the biological characteristics and immunogenicity of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) LaSota strain, and provide new insights for the development of heat-stable live vaccines. The optimal biomineralization conditions for NDV were determined by measuring viral particle size, hemagglutination titers, and spot blots under different mineralization conditions. The effect of mineralization on viral replication was evaluated by inoculating mineralized viruses into BHK-21 cells, and then comparing their titer changes after heat treatment. The immunogenicity of mineralized viruses was evaluated through virus neutralization tests. Finally, the immunological efficacy of mineralized viruses was assessed in SPF chicks via water administration. Results were as follows: Upon optimization of the biomineralization conditions, the LaSota strain exhibited the best mineralization effect under 4 mmol·L^-1 Na₂HPO₄ and 3 mmol·L^-1 CaCl₂ conditions, characterized by the largest particle size of the mineralized virus, the lowest hemagglutination titer, and a high mineralization rate of 98.25%. Compared to the non-mineralized virus, the mineralized LaSota strain showed a delayed onset of replication in BHK-21 cells, however, there was no significant difference in the final replication titers between them. Following neutralization with NDV antibodies, the titer reduction value of the mineralized virus was 10^3.0 TCID₅₀·mL^-1, which was significantly lower than that of the non-mineralized group. After incubation at 56 ℃ for 15 minutes, the viral titer of the mineralized LaSota strain decreased by only 10^3.5 TCID₅₀·mL^-1, demonstrating a heat resistance characteristic comparable to that of the TS09-C heat-resistant strain. Fourteen days post-immunization, antibody levels in SPF chicks immunized with the mineralized LaSota strain were higher than those in chicks receiving the non-mineralized LaSota strain. Challenge experiments conducted 42 and 78 days post-immunization showed survival rates of 100% and 60%, respectively, in the group immunized with the mineralized LaSota strain. This study optimized the best biomineralization conditions for the NDV LaSota strain. Mineralization delays the initial viral replication but does not affect the final titer. After mineralization, it can reduce neutralization reaction of virus with antibodies and enhance thermal stability of virus, providing good protective effects to SPF chicks via drinking water immunization. This study confirms that developing heat-stable live vaccines for Newcastle disease through biomineralization is a practical and feasible approach, and also offers valuable references and inspirations for developing heat-stable live vaccines for other viruses.

Key words: LaSota strain of Newcastle disease virus, biomineralization, biological characteristics, thermal stability, immunogenicity

CLC Number:

S852.659.5

ZHANG Gaofeng, WEI Jiayang, FENG Helong, LI Li, ZENG Zhe, TIAN Guangming, NIE Renfeng, LUO Qingping, WEN Guoyuan, WEI Hongbo, SHANG Yu. Effects of Biomineralization on the Biological Characteristics and Immunogenicity of the LaSota Strain of Newcastle Disease Virus[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(12): 5663-5671.

Figures/Tables 5

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Table 1

References 30

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免疫分组 Immunization group	雏鸡数量 Number of chicks	攻毒剂量 Challenge dose	免疫时间/d Days of immunity	死亡数 Number of deaths	存活数 Number of survivors	保护率/% Protection rate
矿化组1	5	10^4.5 EID₅₀	42	0	5	100
未矿化1	5	10^4.5 EID₅₀	42	0	5	100
对照组1	5	10^4.5 EID₅₀	42	5	0	0
矿化组2	5	10^4.5 EID₅₀	78	2	3	60
未矿化2	5	10^4.5 EID₅₀	78	4	1	20
对照组2	5	10^4.5 EID₅₀	78	5	0	0

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Effects of Biomineralization on the Biological Characteristics and Immunogenicity of the LaSota Strain of Newcastle Disease Virus

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