粤西卷羽鸡与怀乡鸡杂交配套组合的正反交效应研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.015

Abstract

Abstract:

The study aimed to utilize the superior traits of Kirin chicken （a newly identified national genetic resource） and explore the heterosis mechanism of its cross with the local excellent Huaixiang chicken， this study compared the key production performance and muscle quality among Huaixiang chicken， Kirin chicken， and their reciprocal cross offspring， aiming to provide a basis for parental matching in high-quality broiler breeding in tropical and subtropical regions. Huaixiang chickens （strain A， strain C） and Kirin chickens （fast yellow-feather， slow yellow-feather） were used for a complete diallel cross experiment， with 4 mating combinations （Huaixiang purebred group， Kirin purebred group， orthogonal group， reverse-cross group）. Each group had 6 replicates （20 1-day-old healthy chicks per replicate， half male and half female， birth weight error within ±10% SD）， and relevant indicators were measured after 16 weeks of feeding. At 16 weeks of age， the average weight of cocks was reverse-cross chicken （1 790.69 g） > orthogonal chicken （1 761.67 g） > Kirin chicken （1 733.78 g） > Huaixiang chicken （1 582.63 g） with significant differences （P<0.05）， while no significant difference was found in hens （P>0.05）； the maximum growth rate of Huaixiang chicken appeared at 8 weeks， Kirin chicken at 12 weeks， hybrid cocks at 14 weeks， and hybrid hens at 8 weeks； Huaixiang chicken had higher moisture content in breast and leg muscles， and the crude fat content in leg muscles of reverse-cross cocks was significantly higher than that of Huaixiang and orthogonal cocks （P<0.05）； Kirin chicken had significantly smaller muscle fiber diameter and density in breast and leg muscles than the other 3 groups （P<0.05）； there were extremely significant correlations between indicators such as breast muscle moisture and muscle fiber density， crude protein and crude fat （P<0.01）. The hybrid offspring of Kirin and Huaixiang chickens showed excellent growth performance and obvious heterosis， with reverse-cross combinations outperforming orthogonal ones， providing a scientific reference for screening high-quality chicken matching combinations in tropical regions.

Key words: Kirin chicken, Huaixiang chicken, hybridization, production performance, muscle quality, histological characteristics of muscle

CLC Number:

S831.2

WANG Zhijing, LIU Yingming, GAO Zhenhua, YIN Fuquan. Study on the Reciprocal Cross Effects of Hybrid Combinations between Kirin Chicken and Huaixiang Chicken[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026, 57(1): 167-180.

Figures/Tables 9

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营养水平 Nutrient level	0~6周龄 0-6 weeks	7~16周龄 7-16 weeks
代谢能/（MJ·kg^-1） Metabolic energy	11.70	11.98
粗蛋白/% CP	21.35	18.45
钙/% Ca	1.00	0.90
有效磷/% Available phosphorus	0.41	0.35

周龄 Week	性别 Sex	怀乡鸡 Huaixiang chicken	粤西卷羽鸡 Kirin chicken	正交鸡 Orthogonal chicken	反交鸡 Reverse chicken	P值 P-value
0	公	30.96±2.10	32.16±2.44	30.90±1.65	30.93±2.43	>0.05
0	母	30.44±1.56	30.08±2.01	30.94±3.88	30.00±2.86	>0.05
1	公	60.94±9.11^b	84.03±11.51^a	85.39±11.39^a	79.65±10.84^a	<0.05
1	母	57.79±8.73^c	88.62±15.40^a	72.86±11.94^b	72.39±11.32^b	<0.05
2	公	105.76±22.82^b	161.50±26.71^a	142.69±27.80^a	153.37±19.74^a	<0.05
2	母	85.36±21.22^b	134.89±41.28^a	137.56±19.60^a	141.95±28.52^a	<0.05
3	公	154.87±26.27^b	204.90±26.48^a	199.81±20.63^a	217.71±31.26^a	<0.05
3	母	131.07±30.41^c	199.26±28.20^a	168.34±23.63^b	213.18±38.88^a	<0.05
4	公	233.96±50.69^b	276.28±28.13^a	279.69±39.34^a	304.09±68.15^a	<0.05
4	母	216.79±32.57^b	285.95±43.31^a	244.93±27.10^b	286.83±65.95^a	<0.05
5	公	266.60±48.60^c	348.62±25.43^b	345.31±33.30^b	415.88±65.63^a	<0.05
5	母	268.09±42.77^c	313.83±35.11^b	289.65±39.40^bc	348.66±40.09^a	<0.05
6	公	363.97±59.57^c	433.15±63.62^b	434.25±53.00^b	577.90±82.96^a	<0.05
6	母	331.04±62.85^c	397.83±40.61^b	383.17±49.03^b	453.29±58.72^a	<0.05
8	公	644.50±89.97^b	700.04±53.86^b	696.96±100.19^b	796.25±125.05^a	<0.05
8	母	584.04±99.09^c	632.09±63.04^bc	655.88±63.07^ab	708.42±65.06^a	<0.05
10	公	896.00±115.13^b	937.04±36.21^b	987.71±141.23^ab	1 075.17±184.71^a	<0.05
10	母	791.46±67.71^c	887.38±62.24^b	916.07±79.93^ab	962.08±111.12^a	<0.05
12	公	1 104.50±179.34^b	1 280.75±137.76^a	1 238.54±108.21^ab	1 273.33±214.55^a	<0.05
12	母	976.17±87.76^b	1 160.00±102.92^a	1 125.54±63.72^a	1 168.63±123.35^a	<0.05
14	公	1 318.58±122.56^b	1 620.25±201.14^a	1 578.67±150.19^a	1 596.63±193.48^a	<0.05
14	母	1 225.54±169.86	1 286.96±217.08	1 345.92±93.82	1 321.08±139.05	>0.05
16	公	1 582.63±189.05^b	1 733.78±257.57^ab	1 761.67±204.00^ab	1 790.69±187.52^a	<0.05
16	母	1 422.50±217.51	1 471.41±174.08	1 459.17±119.12	1 448.82±118.51	>0.05

周龄 Week	绝对生长速度/（g· d^-1） The absolute growth rate								相对生长速度/% The relative growth rate
周龄 Week	怀乡公Huai- xiangcock	怀乡母Huaixianghen	粤西卷羽公 Kirin cock	粤西卷羽母 Kirin hen	正交公 Orthogonalcock	正交母 Orthogonalhen	反交公Reverse-crosscock	反交母 Reverse-crossHen	怀乡公Huaixiangcock	怀乡母 Huaixianghen	粤西卷羽公 Kirin cock	粤西卷羽母 Kirin hen	正交公 Orthogonalcock	正交母 Orthogonalhen	反交公Reverse-crosscock	反交母 Reverse-crosshen
1	4.28	3.91	7.41	8.36	7.78	5.99	6.96	6.06	65.24	62.00	89.28	98.64	93.71	80.77	88.12	82.80
2	6.40	3.94	11.07	6.61	8.19	9.24	10.53	9.94	53.77	38.52	63.10	41.40	50.25	61.50	63.27	64.91
3	7.02	6.53	6.20	9.20	8.16	4.40	9.19	10.18	37.69	42.24	23.69	38.53	33.35	20.12	34.68	40.11
4	11.30	12.25	10.20	12.38	11.41	10.94	12.34	10.52	40.68	49.28	29.67	35.73	33.32	37.07	33.11	29.46
5	4.66	7.33	10.33	3.98	9.37	6.39	15.97	8.83	13.04	21.16	23.15	9.30	21.00	16.73	31.05	19.46
6	13.91	8.99	12.08	12.00	12.71	13.36	23.15	14.95	30.88	21.01	21.63	23.61	22.82	27.80	32.61	26.09
8	20.04	18.07	19.06	16.73	18.77	19.48	15.60	18.22	55.63	55.30	47.10	45.49	46.45	52.49	31.78	43.92
10	17.96	14.82	16.93	18.24	20.77	18.59	19.92	18.12	32.65	30.16	28.95	33.60	34.52	33.10	29.81	30.37
12	14.89	13.19	24.55	19.47	17.92	14.96	14.15	14.75	20.84	20.90	31.00	26.63	22.53	20.52	16.88	19.39
14	15.29	17.81	24.25	9.07	24.30	15.74	23.09	10.89	17.67	22.65	23.41	10.38	24.15	17.83	22.53	12.25
16	18.86	14.07	8.11	13.18	13.07	8.09	13.86	9.12	18.20	14.88	6.77	13.37	10.96	8.07	11.46	9.22

项目 Item	性别 Sex	怀乡鸡 Huaixiang chicken	粤西卷羽鸡 Kirin chicken	正交鸡 Orthogonal chicken	反交鸡 Reverse chicken
水分 Moisture	公	73.30±0.81^a	71.38±1.06^c	72.61±1.17^b	71.89±0.67^c
水分 Moisture	母	72.83±1.03^a	71.09±0.99^b	72.40±0.65^a	71.46±0.49^b
粗蛋白 Crude protein	公	27.84±1.29^a	26.37±1.15^b	27.39±1.22^a	27.03±1.52^ab
粗蛋白 Crude protein	母	23.29±1.00^b	24.24±0.85^a	23.46±0.69^b	24.34±0.49^a
粗脂肪 Crude fat	公	2.71±1.02	2.87±0.77	2.72±0.67	2.88±0.86
粗脂肪 Crude fat	母	3.65±1.24	3.53±1.24	3.65±1.32	3.46±0.75
粗灰分 Crude ash	公	4.85±0.53	4.96±0.43	4.88±0.56	4.98±0.54
粗灰分 Crude ash	母	5.43±0.40	5.24±0.29	5.47±0.61	5.18±0.44

项目 Item	性别 Sex	怀乡鸡 Huaixiang chicken	粤西卷羽鸡 Kirin chicken	正交鸡 Orthogonal chicken	反交鸡 Reverse chicken	P值 P-value
水分 Moisture	公	73.25±1.38^a	70.94±1.24^c	72.10±1.22^b	71.66±1.28^bc	<0.05
水分 Moisture	母	73.27±1.59^a	70.70±1.12^c	72.20±0.86^b	71.26±1.22^c	<0.05
粗蛋白 Crude protein	公	22.00±2.06^a	20.67±1.60^b	21.92±1.30^a	20.38±1.27^b	<0.05
粗蛋白 Crude protein	母	19.63±1.57	19.55±1.25	19.67±2.86	19.23±1.38	>0.05
粗脂肪 Crude fat	公	8.49±0.79^b	9.45±0.76^a	8.57±0.67^b	9.53±0.87^a	<0.05
粗脂肪 Crude fat	母	10.41±1.26	10.79±1.52	10.35±1.12	10.85±1.07	>0.05
粗灰分 Crude ash	公	5.00±0.35	5.01±0.43	5.03±0.60	5.08±0.30	>0.05
粗灰分 Crude ash	母	4.59±0.21^b	5.26±0.46^a	4.69±0.35^b	5.07±0.34^a	<0.05

Study on the Reciprocal Cross Effects of Hybrid Combinations between Kirin Chicken and Huaixiang Chicken

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指标 Item	性别 Sex	怀乡鸡 Huaixiang chicken	粤西卷羽鸡 Kirin chicken	正交鸡 Orthogonal chicken	反交鸡 Reverse chicken	P值 P-value
肌纤维直径/μmMuscle fiber diameter	公	17.20±1.81^a	14.52±1.44^b	17.46±1.96^a	16.80±1.93^a	<0.05
肌纤维直径/μmMuscle fiber diameter	母	17.13±1.75^a	15.90±1.95^b	17.95±1.95^a	17.35±2.31^a	<0.05
肌纤维密度/（N·mm^‒2）Muscle fiber density	公	1090.08±112.26^a	677.55±107.28^b	807.13±94.58^ab	834.33±81.29^ab	<0.05
肌纤维密度/（N·mm^‒2）Muscle fiber density	母	966.25±89.24^a	473.60±71.56^d	658.60±70.92^c	695.53±2.28^b	<0.05

指标 Item	性别 Sex	怀乡鸡 Huaixiang chicken	粤西卷羽鸡 Kirin chicken	正交鸡 Orthogonal chicken	反交鸡 Reverse chicken	P值 P-value
肌纤维直径/μmMuscle fiber diameter	公	18.64±2.17^bc	18.42±1.33^c	20.04±2.16^a	19.31±1.84^ab	<0.05
肌纤维直径/μmMuscle fiber diameter	母	19.38±2.81^a	16.94±4.10^b	19.41±2.39^a	18.72±1.98^a	<0.05
肌纤维密度/（N·mm^‒2）Muscle fiber density	公	775.40±97.80^a	497.90±40.72^d	587.78±79.94^c	679.93±98.26^b	<0.05
肌纤维密度/（N·mm^‒2）Muscle fiber density	母	666.28±111.02^a	485.15±44.47^c	589.20±86.95^b	727.45±93.21^a	<0.05

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