母猪二胎综合征研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.12.005

Abstract

Abstract: Second litter syndrome (SLS) in sows is widespread worldwide. Sows with SLS have a lower litter size of the second parity than the first parity, the sows may have a lower estrus rate and a high culling rate, which waste the reproductive performance of low-parity sows, and the lifelong reproductive performance of sows with SLS is relatively reduced, while the breeding cost increases accordingly. In this paper, the causes and mechanisms of the formation of SLS are systematically reviewed, and targeted prevention and treatment measures are also put forward, so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the stable development of sow reproductive performance, as well as the stable and healthy development of pig industry. Exploring the occurrence mechanism of SLS in different pig farms supplies scientific research approach to deal with SLS, and to avoid the negative effect of SLS on reproductive performance in the subsequent parity. Precise feeding, nutritional regulation, and drugs research and development in reproductive regulation and their reasonable utilization will be the key points to solve the second litter syndrome.

Key words: second litter syndrome, sow, effect, mechanism

CLC Number:

S828.3

SONG Jianpeng, LIU Yan, WEI Xia, ZHANG Junxia, FENG Tao. Research Progress on the Second Litter Syndrome in Sows[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(12): 5987-5997.

References

[1] 李加琪，陈文广.利用现场测定资料分析瘦肉型猪的繁殖性能[J].华南农业大学学报,1997,39(3):119-123.
LI J Q, CHEN W G. Analysis to the reprodutive traits of lean-type pigs based on field data [J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University,1997, 39(3): 119-123. (in Chinese)
[2] 刘金萍，苏家宜，谢谦，等.低胎次母猪的繁殖现状及营养调控研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2024,60(8):20-26.
LIU J P,SU J Y,XIE Q, et al. Research progress on reproductive status and nutritional regulation of Low-Parity sows [J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2024, 60(8): 20-26. (in Chinese)
[3] 刘敬顺，吴珍芳.关于繁殖母猪群体更新率的探讨[J].华南农业大学学报,2019,40(S1):143-146.
LIU J S, WU Z F. Exploring the replacement rate of breeding sow herd [J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University,2019, 40(S1): 143-146. (in Chinese)
[4] 张哲，李晨雷，宋承磊，等.规模化猪场不同因素对长大二元母猪繁殖性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2023,59(8):219-223.
ZHANG Z,LI C L,SONG C L, et al. The effects of different factors on the reproductive performance of Landrace×Large White sows in large-scale pig farms [J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2023, 59(8): 219-223. (in Chinese)
[5] 张蕾，孙敬春，肖锦红，等.胎次、年份和季节对大白母猪繁殖性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2021,57(S1):57-59+68.
ZHANG L,SUN J C,XIAO J H, et al. Effects of parity, year and season on reproductive performance of Large White sows [J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2021, 57(S1): 57-59+68. (in Chinese)
[6] 朱世平，孙丽，殷学梅，等.胎次对杜洛克、长白和大白母猪繁殖性能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,41(8):197-200.
ZHU S P,SUN L,YIN X M, et al. Effects of different parities on the reproductive performance of Duroc,Landrace and Yorkshire sows [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2014, 41(8): 197-200. (in Chinese)
[7] FOXCROFT G, AHERNE F. Rethinking management of the replacement gilt[C]. Banff:Advances in Pork Production, 2001.
[8] 李继仁，胡霞玲.系统保健减少母猪“二胎综合征”[J].猪业科学,2014,31(9):96-98.
LI J R, HU X L. Systematic health care reduces ‘Second Litter Syndrome' in sows [J]. Swine Industry Science,2014, 31(9): 96-98. (in Chinese)
[9] COSTERMANS N G J,TEERDS K J,KEMP B, et al. Physiological and metabolic aspects of follicular developmental competence as affected by lactational body condition loss [J]. Mol Reprod Dev, 2023, 90(7): 491-502.
[10] 何晨鹏，李柏珍，刘杰，等.母猪繁殖障碍综合征的主要发病原因及机制研究进展[J].畜牧兽医学报,2023,54(8):3139-3151.
HE C P,LI B Z,LIU J, et al. Research progress on main causes and mechanism of sow reproductive disorder syndrome [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2023, 54(8): 3139-3151. (in Chinese)
[11] 林涛.某三猪场母猪子宫内膜炎调查与阴道黏液菌群分析[D].合肥：安徽农业大学,2023.
LIN T. Investigation and vaginal mucous MicrofloraAnalysis of endometritis in sows in three farms[D]. Hefei:Anhui Agricultural University, 2023. (in Chinese)
[12] 孟庆利，常太胜.解析二胎母猪综合征[J].中国猪业,2017,12(7):51-52+55.
MENG Q L, CHANG T S. Analysis of Second Litter Syndrome in sows [J]. China Swine Industry,2017, 12(7): 51-52+55. (in Chinese)
[13] 李宁，马墉，孙红梅，等.葡萄糖氧化酶在改善母猪二胎综合征中的作用[J].养猪,2019,34:25-27.
LI N,MA Y,SUN H M, et al. The role of glucose oxidase in improving sow second birth syndrome [J]. Swine Production,2019, 34:25-27. (in Chinese)
[14] 郭雅欣，兰可心，张学炜，等.母猪二胎综合征及防治技术研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2021,57(S1):7-10.
GUO Y X,LAN K X,ZHANG X W, et al. Research progress on sow second birth syndrome and its prevention and control technology [J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2021, 57(S1): 7-10. (in Chinese)
[15] SANZ-FERNÁNDEZ S,DÍAZ-GAONA C,CASAS-ROSAL J C, et al. Second litter syndrome in Iberian pig breed: factors influencing the performance [J]. Animal, 2022, 16(12): 8.
[16] STALDER K,CURT R,CROSS T, et al. Financial impact of average parity of culled females in a breed-to-wean swine operation using replacement gilt net present value analysis [J]. J Swine Health Prod, 2003, 11: 69-74.
[17] SASAKI Y,MCTAGGART I, KOKETSU Y. Assessment of lifetime economic returns of sows by parity of culled sows in commercial breeding herds [J]. J Vet Epidemiol, 2011, 16: 37-45.
[18] 朱雪丹，张守全.种猪批次化生产在我国的创新应用[J].猪业科学,2024,41(3):18-21.
ZHU X D, ZHANG S Q. Innovative application of pig batch production in China [J]. Swine Industry Science,2024, 41(3): 18-21. (in Chinese)
[19] 赵勇，王栋，罗会颖.母猪发情诱导与鉴定技术研究进展[J].黑龙江动物繁殖,2025,33(1):11-17.
ZHAO Y,WANG D, LUO H Y. Research progress in estrus induction and detection in pigs [J]. Heilongjiang Journal of Animal Reproduction,2025, 33(1): 11-17. (in Chinese)
[20] NAM N H,KHOUDPHAITHOUNE T,LANH D T K, et al. Effects of second litter syndrome on reproductive performance in sows [J]. Vet World, 2024, 17(8): 1680-1684.
[21] SEGURA CORREA J C,ALZINA-LÓPEZ A, SANTOS-RICALDE R H. Risk factors associated with the occurrence of the second-litter syndrome in sows in southeastern Mexico [J]. Sci World J, 2013, 2013: 969620.
[22] SAITO H,SASAKI Y,HOSHINO Y, et al. The occurrence of decreased numbers of pigs born alive in parity 2 sows does not negatively affect herd productivity in Japan [J]. Livest Sci, 2010, 128(1): 189-192.
[23] MORGAN MORROW W E,LEMAN A D,WILLIAMSON N B, et al. An epidemiological investigation of reduced second-litter size in swine [J]. Prev Vet Med, 1992, 12(1): 15-26.
[24] HOVING L L,SOEDE N M,GRAAT E, et al. Risk factors for reduced reproduction results in second parity sows [J]. Reprod Domest Anim, 2008, 43: 46-47.
[25] RABELO S S,FARIA B G,ROCHA L G P, et al. Incidence of the second parity syndrome in sows from a commercial farm [J]. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec, 2016, 68(4): 1085-1089.
[26] 刘虹.初产母猪“二胎综合征”发病原因与防治分析[J].中国动物保健,2024,26(10):16-17.
LIU H. Analysis of the pathogenesis and prevention of "Second-parity Syndrome" in primiparous sows [J]. China Animal Health,2024, 26(10): 16-17. (in Chinese)
[27] SELL-KUBIAK E,KNOL E F,MULDER H A, et al. Unraveling the actual background of second litter syndrome in pigs: based on Large White data [J]. Animal, 2021, 15(2): 100033.
[28] 杨守深，吴丽云，范克伟，等.某猪场母猪淘汰原因调查及分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016,59(10):71-73.
YANG S S,WU L Y,FAN K W, et al. Investigation and analysis on the reasons of sow elimination in a pig farm [J]. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2016, 59(10): 71-73. (in Chinese)
[29] 马超，马再兴，陈仲民，等.低胎龄母猪淘汰的影响因素分析[J].中国畜牧杂志,2019,55(10):141-145.
MA C,MA Z X,CHEN Z M, et al. Analysis of influencing factors of low gestational age sow elimination [J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2019, 55(10): 141-145. (in Chinese)
[30] VARGAS A J,BERNARDI M L,BORTOLOZZO F P, et al. Factors associated with return to estrus in first service swine females [J]. Prev Vet Med, 2009, 89(1): 75-80.
[31] 宋述荣.胎次和分娩季节对PIC母猪繁殖性能的影响[D].咸阳:西北农林科技大学,2017.
SONG S L. Effectsc of parities and farrowing seasons on thereproductive performance of PIC sows[D]. Xianyang：Northwest A&F University, 2017. (in Chinese)
[32] CASTAGNA C D,PEIXOTO C H,BORTOLOZZO F P, et al. Ovarian cysts and their consequences on the reproductive performance of swine herds [J]. Anim Reprod Sci, 2004, 81(1-2): 115-123.
[33] HOVING L L,SOEDE N M,GRAAT E A M, et al. Reproductive performance of second parity sows: Relations with subsequent reproduction [J]. Livest Sci, 2011, 140(1-3): 124-130.
[34] 陈志林，吴德铭，钟淑琴，等.母猪前2胎产仔性能对后续繁殖性能的影响[J].养猪,2016,31:25-28.
CHEN Z L,WU D M,ZHONG S Q, et al. The effect of litter size in parity 1 and 2 on consecutive reproductive performance [J]. Swine Production,2016, 31:25-28. (in Chinese)
[35] SASAKI Y,SAITO H,SHIMOMURA A, et al. Consecutive reproductive performance after parity 2 and lifetime performance in sows that had reduced pigs born alive from parity 1 to 2 in Japanese commercial herds [J]. Livest Sci, 2011, 139(3): 252-257.
[36] KEMP B,WIENTJES A,VAN LEEUWEN J, et al. Key factors to improve production and longevity of primiparous sows [J]. Biol Conserv, 2011: 13-22.
[37] 张婧，贾青，陶晨雨，等.不同群体猪产仔间隔的遗传参数估计与影响因素分析[J].中国畜牧杂志,2020,56(11):68-73.
ZHANG Q,JIA Q,TAO C Y, et al. Phenotypic and genetic analysis of farrowing interval in different groups of pigs [J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2020, 56(11): 68-73. (in Chinese)
[38] MOLENDA H A,KILTS C P,ALLEN R L, et al. Nuclear receptor coactivator function in reproductive physiology and behavior [J]. Biol Reprod, 2003, 69(5): 1449-1457.
[39] ROBERTS D K,VAN SICKLE M, KELLY R W. The role of sex steroid receptors in obstetrics and gynecology [J]. Obstet Gynecol Annu, 1983, 12: 61-78.
[40] KARVELIENE B, ZILINSKAS H, RISKEVICIENCE V. Post-mortem examination of sows genital organs culled for reproductive disturbances and immunohistochemical studies on ERalpha and PR A receptors in the anoestral sows uterus [J]. Reprod Domest Anim, 2007, 42(3): 275-281.
[41] CHUNG W B,CHENG W F,WU L S, et al. The use of plasma progesterone profiles to predict the reproductive status of anestrous gilts and sows [J]. Theriogenology, 2002, 58(6): 1165-1174.
[42] 刘自逵，颜运秋，黄建平，等.二胎综合征的成因及其解决思路[J].猪业科学,2012,29(10):80-82.
LIU Z K,YAN Y Q,HUANG J P, et al. Causes and solutions of Second-litter Syndrome [J]. Swine Industry Science,2012, 29(10): 80-82. (in Chinese)
[43] 李定健.子宫容量对猪胎儿存活及发育的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2015,58(21):77-79.
LI D J. Effect of uterine volume on survival and development of pig fetus [J]. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2015, 58(21): 77-79. (in Chinese)
[44] KAPELANSKI W,JANKOWIAK H,BOCIAN M, et al. Morphometric characteristics of the reproductive system in Polish Large White and Polish Landrace gilts at 100 kg body weight [J]. Ann Anim Sci, 2013, 13(1): 45-53.
[45] DE JONG E,APPELTANT R,COOLS A, et al. Slaughterhouse examination of culled sows in commercial pig herds [J]. Livest Sci, 2014, 167: 362-369.
[46] 任巧玲，张家庆，郭红霞，等.发情和乏情初产母猪下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴差异表达基因筛选及分析[J].中国畜牧兽医,2021,48(8):2864-2877.
REN Q L,ZHANG J Q,GUO H X, et al. Screening and analysis of differentially expressed genes in Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovary Axis of estrous and anestrous primiparous sows [J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2021, 48(8): 2864-2877. (in Chinese)
[47] QUESNEL H. Nutritional and lactational effects on follicular development in the pig [J]. Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl, 2009, 66: 121-134.
[48] HAN T,BJÖRKMAN S,SOEDE N M, et al. IGF-1 concentrations after weaning in young sows fed different pre-mating diets are positively associated with piglet mean birth weight at subsequent farrowing [J]. Animal, 2021, 15(1): 100029.
[49] THAKER M Y C, BILKEI G. Lactation weight loss influences subsequent reproductive performance of sows [J]. Anim Reprod Sci, 2005, 88(3-4): 309-318.
[50] SCHENKEL A C,BERNARDI M L,BORTOLOZZO F P, et al. Body reserve mobilization during lactation in first parity sows and its effect on second litter size [J]. Livest Sci, 2010, 132(1): 165-172.
[51] WILLIS H J,ZAK L J, FOXCROFT G R. Duration of lactation, endocrine and metabolic state, and fertility of primiparous sows [J]. J Anim Sci, 2003, 81(8): 2088-2102.
[52] CLOWES E J,AHERNE F X,FOXCROFT G R, et al. Selective protein loss in lactating sows is associated with reduced litter growth and ovarian function [J]. J Anim Sci, 2003, 81(3): 753-764.
[53] OLIVEIRA PIRES D K,FERREIRA S V,ROSSATO G, et al. Effects of altrenogest supplementation in late lactation on reproductive performance of primiparous sows [J]. Theriogenology, 2025, 233: 131-138.
[54] THIBAULT C. Are follicular maturation and oocyte maturation independent processes? [J]. J Reprod Fertil, 1977, 51(1): 1-15.
[55] LIU K,ZHANG L,XU X, et al. Lactational high weight loss impairs follicular development by causing mitochondrial dysfunction of ovarian cells in sows and mitigated by butyrate supplement [J]. J Adv Res, 2025:S2090-1232(25)00069-4.
doi:10.1016/j.jare.2025.01.050.
[56] HAN T,BJÖRKMAN S,SOEDE N M, et al. IGF-1 concentration patterns and their relationship with follicle development after weaning in young sows fed different pre-mating diets [J]. Animal, 2020, 14(7): 1493-1501.
[57] 周振民，于洋，李晗星，等.母猪发情控制技术研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2023,59(10):7-13.
ZHOU Z M,YU Y,LI H X, et al. Research progress on sow estrus control technology [J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2023, 59(10): 7-13. (in Chinese)
[58] 李洪宇，陈华丽，赵宝凯.母猪子宫内膜炎治疗控制方案[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017,60(4):134-136.
LI H Y,CHEN H L, ZHAO B K. Sow endometritis treatment control program [J]. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2017, 60(4): 134-136. (in Chinese)
[59] 鲜婷婷，刘彦，曹忻，等.母猪子宫内膜炎阴道菌群与血清促炎细胞因子的变化及其相关性分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2024,55(8):3688-3698.
XIAN T T,LIU Y,CAO X, et al. Analysis of the changes of vaginal microflora and serum proinflammatory cytokines and their correlation in sows with endometritis [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2024, 55(8): 3688-3698. (in Chinese)
[60] XIAN T T,LIU Y,CAO X, et al. Alterations to the vaginal microbiota and their correlation with serum pro-inflammatory cytokines in post-weaning sows with endometritis [J]. Theriogenology, 2025, 239: 117386.
[61] JATZKO B, OTT J. Circulating inflammatory markers in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. Fertil Steril, 2011, 96(4): e158.
[62] 任巧玲，张家庆，马强，等.初产母猪囊肿卵巢与发情卵巢转录组比较分析[J].江苏农业学报,2023,39(3):741-752.
REN Q L,ZHANG J Q,MA Q, et al. Comparison and analysis of transcriptomes in cystic ovary and estrous ovary of primiparous sows [J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2023, 39(3): 741-752. (in Chinese)
[63] 梁鸿雁，赵春霞，韩华.饲粮能量水平对后备母猪卵巢发育及相关基因表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(9):3287-3292.
LIANG H Y,ZHAO C X, HAN H. Effects of dietary energy level on ovary development and related gene expression of prepubertal gilts [J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017, 29(9): 3287-3292. (in Chinese)
[64] 李琳倩.中草药添加剂对后备母猪生长发情、性器官发育和肠道菌群的影响[D].南京：南京农业大学,2020.
LI L Q. Effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine on the growth performance, estrus rate, sex organ development and microbial communit of gilts[D]. Nanjing：Nanjing Agricultural University, 2020. (in Chinese)
[65] 李聪，薛亚辉，韩雪蕾，等.不同初配日龄对大白母猪繁殖性能的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2021,42(5):51-54.
LI C,XUE Y H,HAN X L, et al. Effect of different first mating age on reproductive performance of Yorkshire sows [J]. Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology,2021, 42(5): 51-54. (in Chinese)
[66] 牛鹏飞，王新，李志吟.初配日龄对后备母猪繁殖性能的影响[J].猪业科学,2024,41(9):91-92.
NIU P F,WANG X, LI Z Y. Effects of age at first mating on reproductive performance of gilts [J]. Swine Industry Science,2024, 41(9): 91-92. (in Chinese)
[67] 郭海民，鲍恒，殷诗舒，等.初情期和初配日龄对丹系大白母猪头胎繁殖性能的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2024,50(5):92-97.
GUO H M,BAO H,YIN S S, et al. The effect of age at puberty and age at first mating on reproductive performance of first parity Yorkshire sows [J]. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences),2024, 50(5): 92-97. (in Chinese)
[68] SEGURA J,MAGAÑA-MONFORTE J,AKÉ-LÓPEZ J, et al. Risk factors affecting the drop of litter size at second parity in sows in La Piedad Michoacan, Mexico [J]. Sci Pap Anim Sci Biotechnol, 2014, 47: 281-285.
[69] 崔茂盛，李千军，张丰霞，等.丹系长白种猪“二胎综合征”全基因组关联分析研究初报[J].中国畜牧杂志,2022,58(8):189-192.
CUI M S,LI Q J,ZHANG F X, et al. Preliminary report on genome-wide association studies of ‘Second Litter Syndrome' in Danish Landrace pigs [J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2022, 58(8): 189-192. (in Chinese)
[70] 刘向东.批次化生产母猪生产管理要素[J].猪业科学,2022,39(6):52-54.
LIU X D. Batch production of sow production management factors [J]. Swine Industry Science,2022, 39(6): 52-54. (in Chinese)
[71] SASAKI Y, KOKETSU Y. Sows having high lifetime efficiency and high longevity associated with herd productivity in commercial herds [J]. Livest Sci, 2008, 118(1): 140-146.
[72] SCHWARZ T,MAŁOPOLSKA M,NOWICKI J, et al. Effects of individual versus group housing system during the weaning-to-estrus interval on reproductive performance of sows [J]. Animal, 2021, 15(2): 100122.
[73] 苏丽娟，周学光，陈歆歆，等.掌握好后备及头胎母猪生长发育规律与营养需求来降低二胎综合征的初探[J].养猪,2018,33:25-27.
SU L J,ZHOU X G,CHEN X X, et al. A preliminary study on mastering the growth and development rules and nutritional needs of reserve and first-born sows to reduce the second-litter syndrome [J]. Swine Production,2018, 33:25-27. (in Chinese)
[74] HONG J S, LIN H F, KIM Y Y. Effects of dietary energy and lysine levels on physiological responses, reproductive performance, blood profiles, and milk composition in primiparous sows [J]. J Anim Sci Technol, 2020, 62(3): 334-347.
[75] CHE L,FENG D,WU D, et al. Effect of dietary fibre on reproductive performance of sows during the first two parities [J]. Reprod Domest Anim, 2011, 46(6): 1061-1066.
[76] LI F,WU D,MA K, et al. Effect of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis QST 713 on constipation, reproductive performance and offspring growth performance of sows [J]. Anim Reprod Sci, 2025, 274: 107785.
[77] VAN WETTERE W H,PAIN S J, HUGHES P E. Dietary ractopamine supplementation during the first lactation affects milk composition, piglet growth and sow reproductive performance [J]. Anim Reprod Sci, 2016, 174: 87-92.
[78] 介邓飞，李天乐，姜朋辉，等.生猪智能饲喂养殖装备研究进展与展望[J].饲料工业,2025,46(11):10-18.
JIE D F,LI T L,JIANG P H, et al. Research progress and prospect of pig intelligent feeding and breeding equipment [J]. Feed Industry,2025,46(11):10-18.(in Chinese)
[79] VARGAS A J,BERNARDI M L,WENTZ I, et al. Time of ovulation and reproductive performance over three parities after treatment of primiparous sows with PG600 [J]. Theriogenology, 2006, 66(8): 2017-2023.
[80] SCHWARZ T,NOWICKI J,TUZ R, et al. The influence of azaperone treatment at weaning on reproductive performance of sows: altering effects of season and parity [J]. Animal, 2018, 12(2): 303-311.
[81] SCHWARZ T,MURAWSKI M,WIERZCHOS' E, et al. An ultrasonographic study of ovarian antral follicular dynamics in prepubertal gilts during the expected activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis [J]. J Reprod Dev, 2013, 59(4): 409-414.
[82] HOUDE A A,MURPHY B D,MATHIEU O, et al. Characterization of swine adiponectin and adiponectin receptor polymorphisms and their association with reproductive traits [J]. Anim Genet, 2008, 39(3): 249-257.

Research Progress on the Second Litter Syndrome in Sows

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	WANG Yanbo, ZHANG Xiaomeng, JING Xiujuan, FENG Xiaoyi, ZHANG Yuanqing, ZHAO Xueming. Advances in Nanoparticle Applications for Animal Germplasm Cryopreservation [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(9): 4156-4164.
[2]	YU Shilong, YUE Xiaoyu, LUAN Yue, WANG Qin. Molecular Mechanisms and Innovative Therapeutic Strategies for Cutaneous Wound Healing in Animals [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(9): 4267-4278.
[3]	PAN Yandi, ZHANG Tingting, FANG Rendong, PENG Lianci. Research Progress on the Mechanism of Host Defense Peptides against Microorganisms [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(9): 4294-4302.
[4]	GUI Ruohong, CAO Hongzhan, LIU Songzan, LIU Jixiang, ZHAO Jialong, LU Chunlian. Effects of Different Dietary Metabolizable Energy and Standard Ileal Digestible Lysine Levels on Performance of High-Producing Lactating Shenxian Sows [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(9): 4472-4490.
[5]	XU Jiajing, LI Lin, DU Xinyu, CHEN Xiwen, WANG Gongmin, ZHANG Yuanshu. Effect and Mechanism of Oleic Acid Treatment on the Secretion of Ghrelin in MGN3-1 Cells [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(9): 4686-4697.
[6]	TAO Lihan, LIN Cui, WU Chengcheng, KANG Zhaofeng, HUANG Jianzhen. Research Progress on the Structure and Function of Proteins Encoded by Porcine Deltacoronavirus [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(8): 3678-3689.
[7]	ZHEN Aoning, LI Senyang, CHEN Longfei, LI Juanfeng, JIAN Fuchun. Plant Extracts with Anti-Coccidial Properties [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(8): 3690-3700.
[8]	LI Xiaodie, PAN Shiqin, WANG Lu, CHENG Zhentao, OU Deyuan, SONG Xuqin, YANG Jian. Research Progress on the Anti-inflammatory Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine based on Network Pharmacology [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(8): 3701-3721.
[9]	XUE Xiaoxiao, MENG Lingzhai, WANG Suyan, YU Mengmeng, CHEN Yuntong, QI Xiaole, LI Liuan, YU Xiaoxue, GAO Yulong. Study on Immune Effect of Subtype B Attenuated Avian Metapneumovirus Disease Vaccine on Commercial Layer Chickens [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(8): 3958-3966.
[10]	XIONG Pingwen, XU Chuanhui, AI Gaoxiang, JI Huayuan, HU Yan, CHEN Jiang, SONG Qiongli, SONG Wenjing, CHEN Xiaolian, CHEN Xiaolian, ZOU Zhiheng, CHEN Hehong. Effects of Golden Buckwheat Stem and Leaf Meal on Nutrient Apparent Digestibility, Serum Biochemical Indices, Fecal Microflora Composition of Gannan Tibetan Sows [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(7): 3290-3304.
[11]	WEI Yushi, SUN Wen, PANG Xiaomin, WANG Yulian. A Preliminary Study on the Mechanism of Tigecycline Resistance in ESBLs- and Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(7): 3507-3518.
[12]	MA Qingling, WANG Zhiyou, HOU Shengzhen, YANG Chao. Research Progress on the Regulation of Uterine Involution in Ewes by the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(6): 2525-2536.
[13]	PAN Hua, SUN Lei, ZHANG Jun, LIU Lili, MA Wengang, CAO Aizhi, LV Mingbin. Research Progress in Antimicrobial Mechanism and Structural Modification of Bile Acids [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(6): 2546-2554.
[14]	WU Chao, MING Wenhan, LU Shuwan, YANG Caimei, LIU Jinsong, MA Xiang, ZHANG Ruiqiang. Innate Immune Evasion Mechanisms of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Advances in Prevention and Control Strategies [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(6): 2590-2599.
[15]	CHEN Zhihua, WANG Qi, ZHANG Jin, YANG Liandi, YANG Tianqing, WANG Jing, LONG Dingbiao, HUANG Jinxiu, HUANG Wenming. Effects of Dietary Net Energy and Lysine Levels on Reproductive Performance, Serum Hormone, Lactation Performance and Fecal Flora Diversity of Rongchang Sows in Late Pregnancy [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(6): 2801-2815.