荷斯坦牛日反刍时间和产奶量的影响因素分析及遗传参数估计

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.03.019

Abstract

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the analysis of influencing factors and the estimation of genetic parameters of daily rumination time and daily milk yield of Holstein cows. Daily rumination time and daily milk yield were continuously collected from a pasture in Shandong Province from December 2022 to December 2023 by intelligent collar recording. Total 271 113 milk and daily rumination data were collected from 1 223 Chinese Holstein dairy cows; the effects of season, parity, lactation stage and temperature and humidity index (THI) on daily rumination time and daily milk yield were analyzed using a general linear model in SPSS Ver26.0 software; the maximum likelihood component estimates of each trait (covariate) were obtained based on the AI-REML module of DMU software, and the rumination time and daily milk genetic analysis of Holstein cows at different lactation stages were performed with the multi-trait repeatability animal model. It showed that the average daily rumination time was (523.4±82.66) min·d^-1 and the average daily milk production was (39.58±10.76) kg·d^-1. Different seasons, parity, lactation stages and THI had significant effects on rumination time and daily milk production. The heritability estimates of rumination time at different lactation stages ranged from 0.02 to 0.17, belonging to medium and low heritability traits; except for 101-200 days, the estimated heritability of daily milk production at different lactation stages ranged from 0.13-0.53, which belonged to medium to high heritability traits. In addition, the daily rumination time and daily milk yield had strong genetic correlation (0.45-0.99) at 5-40, 41-100 and 101-200 d period, and strong phenotypic correlation (0.59-0.99) at 5-40 and 41-100 d period. The rumination time collected by collar is a moderate heritability trait and has certain correlation with milk production traits. Strengthening the selection of rumination time can provide a new direction for the selection and breeding of milk production traits.

Key words: Holstein cows, daily rumination time, daily milk yield, genetic analysis

CLC Number:

S823.2

WANG Zichen, ZHANG Na, ZHANG Wanting, ZHU Hao, LU Xubin, TIAN Yu, GE Jiwen, WANG Yongkuan, CHEN Yuhai, WANG Yachun, YANG Zhangping, MAO Yongjiang. Analysis of Influencing Factors and Estimation of Genetic Parameters on Daily Rumination Time and Daily Milk Yield in Holstein Cows[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(3): 1180-1188.

Figures/Tables 5

Table 1

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Table 3

Table 4

Fig. 1

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性状Trait	均值Mean	标准差SD	最小值Min	最大值Max
日反刍时间/(min·d^-1) Daily rumination time	523.40	82.66	50.0	907.0
日产奶量/(kg·d^-1) Daily milk yield	39.58	10.76	5.0	79.7

因素 Effect	水平 Level	样本量 N	日反刍时间/(min·d^-1) Daily rumination time	日产奶量/(kg·d^-1) Daily milk yield
季节	春	69 849	528.13±80.76^b	40.48±10.26^b
Season	夏	67 064	529.78±76.44^a	37.25±9.78^d
	秋	70 042	523.14±88.01^c	38.82±11.31^c
	冬	64 158	511.86±83.71^d	41.85±11.07^a
胎次	1	62 570	515.76±79.92^d	34.53±7.30^e
Parity	2	86 044	521.00±76.22^c	40.01±10.08^c
	3	63 258	532.74±83.35^a	43.28±11.73^a
	4	28 377	525.21±89.69^b	41.03±11.28^b
	≥5	30 864	524.78±94.45^b	39.67±12.02^d
泌乳阶段	5~40 d	39 736	502.31±105.15^d	43.24±11.95^b
Lactation stage	41~100 d	59 298	534.55±80.03^a	45.01±10.51^a
	101~200 d	90 051	528.14±76.64^b	40.42±8.91^c
	201~305 d	82 028	520.35±76.22^c	32.96±8.61^d
温湿度指数	≤40	7 754	513.18±87.75^d	42.82±11.15^a
Temperature and humidity index	40~49	11 937	526.49±85.90^b	42.00±11.34^a
	50~59	13 603	521.67±90.41^c	41.44±11.44^b
	60~67	20 244	522.07±87.30^c	39.67±11.09^c
	68~72	20 962	531.94±80.01^a	37.31±10.12^d
	73~80	40 791	531.79±76.90^a	36.90±9.73^e
	81~90	10 235	521.61±78.35^c	36.49±9.23^f

性状Trait	日反刍时间Daily rumination time	日产奶量Daily milk yield
日反刍时间Daily rumination time	0.14±0.03	0.29^**
日产奶量Daily milk yield	0.52	0.57±0.05

泌乳阶段Lactation stage	日反刍时间遗传力Daily rumination time	日产奶量遗传力Daily milk yield
5~40 d	0.13±0.03	0.13±0.02
41~100 d	0.17±0.03	0.19±0.03
101~200 d	0.02±0.03	0.02±0.06
201~305 d	0.05±0.03	0.53±0.08

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Analysis of Influencing Factors and Estimation of Genetic Parameters on Daily Rumination Time and Daily Milk Yield in Holstein Cows

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