Abstract: Cold stress caused by continuous low temperature in winter is an important factor that reduces the economic benefits and animal welfare of northern animal husbandry, and can induce animal inflammation and oxidative stress to endanger the health of the organism.As an important molecular chaperone protein in the organism, heat shock protein plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the organism's environment and helping animals resist stress. The low temperature environment can activate the rapid production of heat shock proteins, which can play an important role in regulating the immune and antioxidant systems inside and outside the cell: outside the cell, it has the functions of protecting cells, participating in regulating immune cell functions, stimulate immune response, and improve anti-oxidation enzyme activity; inside the cell, it can inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway to protect the organism from inflammatory damage, up-regulate the Nrf2 signaling pathway to improve the organism's antioxidant function, and alleviate the negative effects of cold stress on the organism. This article summarizes the regulatory effects and mechanisms of heat shock proteins on the immune and antioxidant functions of the organism under cold stress conditions at home and abroad and gives some methods to increase the expression level of heat shock proteins, in order to provide references for subsequent research on the cold stress theory of livestock and poultry.

Key words: cold stress, heat shock protein, immune regulation, antioxidative function