畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (1): 30-45.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.004

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

粪肠球菌生物特性及在畜牧业上的应用

田子琦1,2(), 屠焰1, 蒋林树2, 毕研亮1()   

  1. 1.中国农业科学院饲料研究所 农业农村部饲料生物技术重点实验室 奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081
    2.北京农学院动物科学技术学院,北京 102206
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-30 出版日期:2026-01-23 发布日期:2026-01-26
  • 通讯作者: 毕研亮 E-mail:1847378700@qq.com;biyanliang@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:田子琦,硕士生,主要从事反刍动物营养与饲料科学研究,E-mail:1847378700@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFA1304201);国家自然科学基金(32222081)

Biological Characteristics of Enterococcus faecalis and Its Application in Animal Husbandry

TIAN Ziqi1,2(), TU Yan1, JIANG Linshu2, BI Yanliang1()   

  1. 1.Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China
    2.College of Animal Science and Technology,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China
  • Received:2024-12-30 Online:2026-01-23 Published:2026-01-26
  • Contact: BI Yanliang E-mail:1847378700@qq.com;biyanliang@caas.cn

摘要:

抗生素曾在我国畜牧业的养殖过程中扮演重要角色。随着人们对食品安全以及生态环境等问题关注度的持续提升,抗生素滥用的负面效应逐渐凸显,我国饲料业迎来全面禁抗时代,畜牧业面临重大挑战。益生菌作为一类极具潜力的饲料添加剂,被动物摄入后能影响肠道菌群的组成,改善肠道屏障以及调节免疫反应,展现出独特的优势和价值,有望代替抗生素在畜牧业中发挥作用。粪肠球菌作为一种乳酸菌,可用作饲料添加剂且备受关注。粪肠球菌对环境的抗性较强,其生物特性决定其能否以一定活菌数量抵达宿主肠道,进而决定该菌能否在畜牧业中广泛应用。粪肠球菌作为对宿主有益的活性微生物,能够调节机体肠道菌群平衡、增强肠道上皮屏障功能、促进营养物质代谢、增强机体免疫力。粪肠球菌对畜禽影响的研究日益增多,对猪、牛、羊、鸡等多种畜禽均表现出可提高生产性能、降低腹泻率和死亡率以及提高机体免疫力等积极作用,该菌能优化畜禽的消化功能,提高饲料利用率,进而提高养殖场的经济效益,在畜牧业中的应用范围也在不断拓展。本文围绕粪肠球菌,总结近些年粪肠球菌在畜禽中的应用,对粪肠球菌的生物特性、作用机制、在畜牧业上的应用以及目前存在的问题进行综述,旨在为该菌的后续研究提供参考,使其在畜牧业中发挥更大作用。

关键词: 粪肠球菌, 生物特性, 畜牧业, 饲料添加剂

Abstract:

Antibiotics once played an essential role in the process of China’s livestock industry. With the continuous increase in people’s attention to food safety and ecological environment issues, the adverse effects of antibiotic abuse have gradually become prominent. China’s feed industry has ushered in an era of a complete ban on antibiotics, and the livestock industry is facing significant challenges. Probiotics, as feed additive with great potential, can affect the composition of the intestinal flora after being ingested by animals, improve the intestinal barrier and regulate the immune response, showing unique advantages and value. It is expected to replace antibiotics and play a role in the livestock industry. Enterococcus faecalis, as a member of the lactic acid bacteria group, can be used as a feed additive and has attracted much attention. Enterococcus faecalis has relatively strong resistance to the environment, and its biological characteristics determine whether it can reach the host’s intestinal tract with a certain number of viable bacteria, and then determine whether this bacterium can be widely used in the livestock industry. As an active microorganism beneficial to the host, Enterococcus faecalis can regulate the balance of the body’s intestinal flora, enhance the function of the intestinal epithelial barrier, promote the metabolism of nutrients, and enhance the body's immunity. There is an increasing number of studies on the impact of Enterococcus faecalis on livestock and poultry. It has shown positive effects such as improving production performance, reducing the incidence of diarrhea and mortality, and enhancing the immune system in various livestock and poultry, including pigs, cattle, sheep, and chickens. This bacterium can optimize the digestive function of livestock and poultry, improve feed efficiency, and thus increase the economic benefits of farms. Its application range in the livestock industry is also constantly expanding. This article focuses on Enterococcus faecalis, summarizes its application in livestock and poultry in recent years, and reviews its biological characteristics, mechanisms of action, applications in the livestock and poultry industry, and the existing problems of Enterococcus faecalis. The aim is to provide a new insights from previous research about this bacterium and its impact in the livestock and poultry industry.

Key words: Enterococcus faecalis, biological characteristics, animal husbandry, feed additives

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