肉仔鸡豆粕标准回肠氨基酸消化率预测模型构建

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.12.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在测定不同来源的10种豆粕的化学成分含量及不同日龄(13日龄与28日龄)肉鸡对其的标准回肠氨基酸消化率(standardized ileal amino acid digestibility, SIAAD)，并建立预测方程。试验采用完全随机设计，将1日龄健康状况良好的雄性AA肉仔鸡990只按体重相近原则随机分为11个处理组，即1个无氮日粮组和10个豆粕处理组。试验分为10~13日龄(每个处理组6个重复，每个重复10只鸡)和25~28日龄(每个处理组6个重复，每个重复5只鸡)两个试验期，分别在13日龄和28日龄时收集回肠食糜以检测SIAAD。结果表明：不同来源的豆粕化学成分差异较大。除His的标准回肠消化率(standardized ileal digestibility, SID)之外，不同豆粕来源与日龄对肉鸡SIAAD有显著的互作效应(P<0.05)，不同来源豆粕的肉鸡SIAAD差异显著(P<0.05)，除豆粕中SID Lys和SID Met外，肉鸡日龄对豆粕的SIAAD有显著影响(P<0.05)，豆粕的SIAAD在28日龄显著高于13日龄(P<0.05)。分别成功构建了13和28日龄肉鸡豆粕SIAAD预测模型12和16个，其中拟合度最好的预测模型为：SID Arg=254.056-1.179CP＋1.212EE-0.409ADF-0.586Ash-0.08TI＋0.885PA-1.509NFE-3.265GE (13日龄，R²=0.999，P<0.000 1)；SID Trp=-107.513＋11.121GE(28日龄，R²=0.467，P=0.029 3)。综上，不同来源豆粕的化学成分之间差异较大，13日龄的预测模型拟合度相对高于28日龄，本研究中的预测模型对于豆粕的肉鸡SIAAD预测有较好的参考价值。

关键词: 肉鸡, 日龄, 豆粕, 氨基酸标准回肠消化率, 预测方程

Abstract: The objective of the present study was to determine the chemical compositions and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) of 10 soybean meals from different sources for broilers at 13 d and 28 d of age, and establish the prediction equations. A completely randomized design was used in this study. A total of 990 1-d-old male Arbor Acres broilers in good health were randomly allotted to 1 of 11 treatment groups (1 nitrogen-free diet treatment group and 10 treatment groups for soybean meal). The experiment was divided into two experimental periods of 10-13 d and 25-28 d, in which there were 6 replicates of 10 chickens per treatment group during the 10-13 d, and 6 replicates of 5 chickens per treatment group during the 25-28 d. On 13 and 28 days of age, the ileal contents were collected to determine the SIAAD. The results showed that: The chemical compositions of soybean meal from different sources differed. There was significant interaction (P<0.05) between the source of soybean meal and broiler age on the SIAAD except for the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of His in soybean meal. The differences in SIAAD among different sources of soybean meals were significant (P<0.05). Except for the SID Lys and SID Met, broiler age had an effect (P<0.05) on the SIAAD in soybean meal, and the SIAAD of soybean meal were higher on d 28 than on d 13 (P<0.05). The 12 and 16 prediction models of SIAAD in soybean meal were successfully developed for broilers at 13 and 28 d of age, respectively. The prediction models with highest fitting degree at 13 d and 28 d are as follows: SID Arg=254.056-1.179CP + 1.212EE-0.409ADF-0.586Ash-0.08TI + 0.885PA-1.509NFE-3.265GE (13 d, R²=0.999，P<0.000 1)；SID Trp=- 107.513 + 11.121GE (28 d, R²=0.467, P=0.029 3). In summary, these results indicate that the difference in the chemical compositions among different sources of soybean meal was great. The fitting degree of the prediction model at 13 d of age was higher than that at 28 d of age, and they have good reference value for predicting SIAAD of soybean meal in broilers.

Key words: broilers, days of age, soybean meal, standardized ileal amino acid digestibility, prediction equation

中图分类号:

孙久鹏, 廖秀冬, 张丽阳, 黄靓, 李笑然, 李顺英, 林烜旭, 王冲, 吕林. 肉仔鸡豆粕标准回肠氨基酸消化率预测模型构建[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(12): 6242-6256.

SUN Jiupeng, LIAO Xiudong, ZHANG Liyang, HUANG Liang, LI Xiaoran, LI Shunying, LIN Xuanxu, WANG Chong, LÜ Lin. Construction of Prediction Model of Standardized Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility in Soybean Meal for Broilers[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(12): 6242-6256.

参考文献

[1] SIEGERT W, KUENZ S, WINDISCH W, et al. Amino acid digestibility and metabolizable energy of soybean meal of different origins in cecectomized laying hens [J]. Poult Sci, 2023, 102(5):102580.
[2] YOON J H, KONG C. Comparison of methods for estimating basal endogenous losses of amino acids and additivity of digestibility of amino acids in corn and soybean meal for broilers [J]. Anim Nutr, 2023, 15:233-241.
[3] 周华金,袁建敏. 肉鸡标准回肠氨基酸消化率测定研究进展及存在的问题 [J].饲料工业, 2024(12):59-63.
ZHOU H J, YUAN J M. Research progress and existing problems on the determination of standard ileal amino acid digestibility of broilers [J]. Feed Industry, 2024(12):59-63.(in Chinese)
[4] 汪子怡，邢通，张林，等. 家禽饲料氨基酸利用率的评定及动态预测模型研究进展[J].饲料研究, 2023(14):139-143.
WANG Z Y, XING T, ZHANG L, et al. Research progress on evaluation of amino acid utilization rate and development of dynamic prediction model in poultry feedstuff[J]. Feed Research, 2023(14):139-143.(in Chinese)
[5] ADEDOKUN S A, ADEOLA O, PARSONS C M, et al. Factors affecting endogenous amino acid flow in chickens and the need for consistency in methodology [J]. Poult Sci, 2011, 90(8):1737-1748.
[6] 蒋纯卫, 呙于明, 王永伟, 等. 无氮饲粮对肉鸡盲肠微生物菌群结构及内源氨基酸基础损失量的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2012, 24(10): 1878-1887.
JIANG C W, GUO Y M, WANG Y W, et al. Nitrogen-free diets: Effects on cecal microflora and endogenous amino acid basal losses of broilers. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2012, 24(10): 1878-1887.(in Chinese)
[7] COWIESON A, SORBARA J O, PAPPENBERGER G, et al. Additivity of apparent and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of corn and soybean meal in broiler diets [J]. Poult Sci, 2019, 98(9): 3722-3728.
[8] ADEWOLE D I, ROGIEWICZ A, DYCK B, et al. Effects of canola meal source on the standardized ileal digestible amino acids and apparent metabolizable energy contents for broiler chickens [J]. Poult Sci, 2017, 96(12): 4298-4306.
[9] SHEIKHHASAN B S, MORAVEJ H, SHIVAZAD M, et al. Prediction of the total and standardized ileal digestible amino acid contents from the chemical composition of soybean meals of different origin in broilers [J]. Poult Sci, 2020, 99(10): 4947-4957.
[10] 孙征. 不同来源蛋白质饲料肉仔鸡标准回肠氨基酸消化率评定及预测模型构建 [D].北京：中国农业科学院，2022.
SUN Z. Evaluation and prediction model construction of standardized ileal aminoacid digestibility for protein feeds from different sources in broilers[D].Beijing：Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2022.(in Chinese)
[11] CAO S M, YANG Y X, MA G T, et al. Determination and prediction of the apparent and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility in soybean meal fed to the pullets[J].Poult Sci,2025,104(1):104586.
[12] CLARKE E， WISEMAN J.Effects of variability in trypsin inhibitor content of soya bean meals on true and apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and pancreas size in broiler chicks [J].Anim Feed Sci and Technol, 2005, 121(1-2):125-138.
[13] 赵满琦，陈星，陈志敏，等.豆粕抗营养因子及酶解豆粕制备肽的研究进展 [J].中国畜牧兽医,2024,51(5):1931-1938.
ZHAO M Q, CHEN X, CHEN Z M, et al. Research progresson anti-nutritional factors in soybean meal and preparation of peptides from enzymatically hydrolyzed soybean meal[J]. Chinese Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2024,51(5):1931-1938.(in Chinese)
[14] 李莹，韩云胜，赵青余，等.豆粕与发酵豆粕中主要营养成分、抗营养因子及体外消化率的比较分析 [J].中国饲料, 2019(23):76-81.
LI Y, HAN Y S, ZHAO Q Y, et al. Comparative analysis of main nutrients，anti-nutritional factors and in vitro digestibility between soybean meal and fermented soybean meal[J].China Feed, 2019(23):76-81.(in Chinese)
[15] SARWAR G G， WU X C， COCKELL K A. Impact of antinutritional factors in food proteins on the digestibility of protein and the bioavailability of amino acids and on protein quality [J]. Br J Nutr, 2012, 108(S2): S315-S332.
[16] AGUIRRE L, CÁMARA L, SMITH A, et al. Apparent metabolizable energy and ileal amino acid digestibility of commercial soybean meals of different origins in broilers [J]. Poult Sci, 2024, 103(7)：103786.
[17] NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL. Nutrient Requirements for Poultry[M]. 9th ed. National Academic Press,Washington, DC.
[18] 中国饲料成分与营养价值表[EB/OL]. 2023.
http://www.chinafeeddata.org.cn. Tables of feed composition and nutritive values in China[EB/OL]. 2023.
http://www.chinafeeddata.org.cn(in Chinese)
[19] 张辉耀，吕志，蔡传江，等. 豆粕、棉籽粕与菜籽粕对生长期藏猪的营养价值评定 [J].高原农业, 2022(4):369-376,409.
ZHANG H Y, Lü Z, CAI C J, et al. Nutritional value evaluation of soybean meal, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal for growing tibetan pigs[J].Journal of Plateau Agriculture, 2022(4):369-376,409.(in Chinese)
[20] YUN H M, LEI X J, LEE S I, et al. Rapeseed meal and canola meal can partially replace soybean meal as a protein source in finishing pigs [J]. J Appl Anim Res, 2017: 1-5.
[21] ELLING-STAATS M L, KIES A K, GILBERT M S, et al. Over-toasting dehulled rapeseed meal and soybean meal, but not sunflower seed meal, increases prececal nitrogen and amino acid digesta flows in broilers [J]. Poult Sci, 2022, 101(7):101910.
[22] 杨玉欣.豆粕蛋鸡标准回肠氨基酸消化率评定及预测模型构建 [D]. 泰安：山东农业大学,2023.
YANG Y X. Evaluation and prediction model construction of standard ileal amino acid digestibility of soybean meal for layers [D]. Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2023.(in Chinese)
[23] CAO S, YANG Y, MA G, et al. Determination and prediction of the apparent and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility in soybean meal fed to the pullets[J]. Poult Sci, 2024, 22, 104586.
[24] 韩景华. 家禽营养代谢以及消化吸收特点[J]. 吉林畜牧兽医, 2021, 42(6):46-47.
HAN J H. The characteristics of nutritional metabolism and digestion and absorption in poultry[J]. Jilin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 42(6):46-47.(in Chinese)
[25] ANGKANAPORN K, RAVINDRAN V, BRYDEN W L. Additivity of apparent and true ileal amino acid digestibilities in soybean meal, sunflower meal, and meat and bone meal for broilers [J]. Poult Sci, 1996, 75(9):1098-1103.
[26] 孙征，叶晓梦，廖秀冬，等. 不同来源豆粕的肉仔鸡标准回肠氨基酸消化率研究 [J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2023, 59(4): 193-199.
SUN Z, YE X M, LIAO X D, et al. Standard ileal amino acids of broilers from soybean meal of different sources research on digestibility [J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2023, 59(4): 193-199.(in Chinese)
[27] 赵峰，赵江涛，张宏福. 12个豆粕样品鸭代谢能值及氨基酸消化率的比较研究 [J]. 动物营养学报, 2009, 21(2): 165-172.
ZHAO F, ZHAO J T, ZHANG H F. Differences in metabolizable energy and true amino acid digestibilityof twelve soybean meal samples in adult ducks [J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2009, 21(2): 165-172.(in Chinese)
[28] THAKUR M, HURBURGH C R. Quality of US soybean meal compared to the quality of soybean meal from other origins [J]. J Am Oil Chem Soc, 2007, 84(9):835-843.
[29] WESTFALL R J, HAUGE S M. The nutritive quality and the trypsin inhibitor content of soybean flour heated at various temperatures [J]. J Nutr, 1948, 35(3): 379-389.
[30] HTOO J K, MENG X, PATIENCE J F, et al. Effects of coextrusion of flaxseed and field pea on the digestibility of energy, ether extract, fatty acids, protein, and amino acids in grower-finisher pigs [J]. J Anim Sci, 2008, 86(11): 2942-2951.
[31] 秦毅，王金荣，乔汉桢，等. 挤压膨化对玉米、大豆和亚麻籽营养品质的影响 [J]. 饲料工业, 2020, 41(16): 13-17.
QIN Y, WANG J R, QIAO H Z, et al. Effects of extrusion on the nutritional quality of corn, soybean and flaxseed[J]. Feed Industry, 2020, 41(16): 13-17.(in Chinese)
[32] MUSTAKAS G C, GRIFFIN E L, ALLEN L E, et al. Production and nutritional evaluation of extrusion-cooked full-fat soybean flour [J]. J Am Oil Chem Soc, 1964, 41(9):607-614.
[33] 邓雪娟.肉仔鸡饲料原料可消化氨基酸和代谢能的生物学评定及可加性研究 [D].北京：中国农业科学院,2008.
DENG X J. Study on additivity and biological value of digestible aminoacid and metabolizable energy in ingredients for broilers[D].Beijing：Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2008.(in Chinese)
[34] AN S H, KONG C. Influence of age and type of feed ingredients on apparent and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility in broiler chickens [J]. J Anim Sci， 2022, 64(4):740-751.
[35] HUANG K H, RAVINDRAN V, LI X, et al. Influence of age on the apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of feed ingredients for broiler chickens [J]. Br Poult Sci. 2005, 46(2): 236-245.
[36] BARUA M, ABDOLLAHI M R, ZAEFARIAN F, et al. Basal ileal endogenous amino acid flow in broiler chickens as influenced by age [J]. Poult Sci, 2021, 100(8):101269.
[37] YUN X L, LIU X B, CHENG Z C, et al. Determination and prediction of standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of wheat in broilers [J]. Poult Sci. 2023, 102: 102383.
[38] KIM E J, CORZO A. Interactive effects of age, sex, and strain on apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of soybean meal and an animal by-product blend in broilers [J]. Poult Sci. 2012, 91: 908-917.
[39] 雷廷，呙于明，杜恩存，等. 4种植物性蛋白质饲料原料在不同日龄肉仔鸡的标准回肠氨基酸消化率的比较 [J]. 动物营养学报, 2013, 25(12): 2854-2864.
LEI T, GUO Y M, DU E C, et al. Comparison of standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of four plant-based protein feedstuffs for broiler chickens at different ages[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2013, 25(12): 2854-2864.(in Chinese)
[40] 王波，闵芝智，王永伟，等. 1~21日龄雌性肉仔鸡表观回肠可消化色氨酸需要量评定 [J]. 动物营养学报, 2012, 24(9): 1664-1673.
WANG B, MIN Z Z, WANG Y W, et al. Apparent Ileal Digestible tryptophan requirement of female broilers aged 1 to 21 days[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2012, 24(9): 1664-1673.(in Chinese)
[41] FREEMAN C P. The tryptophan requirement of broil-er chicks[J]. Br Poult Sci,1979, 20(1):27-37.
[42] 张帅，刘岭，王凤来，等. 猪饲料原料营养价值与动态营养需要量模型化研究进展 [J]. 动物营养学报, 2020, 32(10): 4525-4539.
ZHANG S, LIU L, WANG F L, et al. Nutrient requirements of pig feed ingredients research progress on modeling of nutrient values and dynamic[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020, 32(10): 4525-4539.(in Chinese)