日照时数与奶牛骨关节疾病的相关性及光照紊乱对大鼠骨关节炎的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.10.044

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (10): 5251-5265.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.10.044

日照时数与奶牛骨关节疾病的相关性及光照紊乱对大鼠骨关节炎的影响

刘永醍¹(), 戚晶晶¹(), 郭晓艳¹, 马玉辉², 李淑欣¹, 宋霄鹏³, 裘宗盛¹, 高翔¹, 李亚楠¹, 马天文¹^,²^,*()

1. 东北农业大学动物医学学院黑龙江省动物疾病致病机制与比较医学重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150030
2. 昭苏县西域马业有限责任公司, 昭苏 835600
3. 苏州大学剑桥-苏大基因组资源中心, 苏州 215006

收稿日期:2024-12-30 出版日期:2025-10-23 发布日期:2025-11-01
通讯作者: 马天文 E-mail:liuyongti98@qq.com;18020189739@163.com;dnmatianwen@163.com
作者简介:刘永醍(1998-)，女，山西大同人，硕士，主要从事兽医外科学研究，E-mail: liuyongti98@qq.com
戚晶晶(2000-)，女，江苏南京人，硕士，主要从事兽医外科学研究，E-mail: 18020189739@163.com
第一联系人：
刘永醍和戚晶晶为同等贡献作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年项目(3240190616);龙江省自然科学基金(LH2023C025)

Correlation between Sunshine Duration and Osteoarthritis of Cows and the Effect of Light Disorder on Osteoarthritis in Rats

LIU Yongti¹(), QI Jingjing¹(), GUO Xiaoyan¹, MA Yuhui², LI Shuxin¹, SONG Xiaopeng³, QIU Zongsheng¹, GAO Xiang¹, LI Ya'nan¹, MA Tianwen¹^,²^,*()

1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Comparative Medicine of Animal Diseases, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
2. Zhaosu County Xiyu Horse Industry Co., Ltd., Zhaosu 835600, China
3. Cambridge Soochow University Genome Resource Center, Suzhou 215006, China

Received:2024-12-30 Online:2025-10-23 Published:2025-11-01
Contact: MA Tianwen E-mail:liuyongti98@qq.com;18020189739@163.com;dnmatianwen@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在根据各地区奶牛场日照时数(sunshine duration, SD)的长短与骨关节炎(osteoarthritis, OA)的关系探讨光照紊乱与生物钟对骨关节疾病的影响。通过调查2018年7月—2021年6月全国11个地区的逐月泌乳奶牛骨关节疾病发病率和当地的逐月SD，并通过Pearson分析其发病率与SD的相关性。同时，以64只SD雄性大鼠为研究对象，随机分为N组(n=32)和OA组(n=32)，OA组采用前十字韧带切断(ACLT)的方法建立早期OA模型，N组进行假手术。每组分为两个亚组，分别建立两种光暗周期调控模式(正常光照LD和无序光照Dis-LD)，即N+LD、N+Dis-LD、OA+LD和OA+Dis-LD组，每组16只。试验周期为6周，记录大鼠的体重变化，检测大鼠血清中炎性因子和软骨降解标志物的水平，对关节软骨进行番红O固绿染色和OARSI评分，检测大鼠软骨代谢相关蛋白水平，检测OA大鼠心、肝、脾、肺和肾的关键生物钟蛋白的影响。结果显示：在调查的11个地区中，除了西北地区银川外，其他10个地区奶牛骨关节疾病与SD呈正相关，其中6个地区呈中等正相关(0.4 < R² < 0.6)，4个地区呈弱相关(0.2 < R² < 0.4)。大鼠试验结果表明，光照紊乱能够显著减缓大鼠体重增长，增加大鼠促炎因子(IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6、iNOS)和软骨降解标志物(COMP和CTX-Ⅱ)含量，促进OA组大鼠关节软骨基质分解代谢(MMP-3、MMP-13、ADAMTS-4)以及会使软骨胶原纤维(COL2A1)的合成减少，OA大鼠心、肝、脾、肺和肾的关键生物钟蛋白(BMAL1、NR1D1、CRY1和PER3)呈不同程度变化。综上，经流行病学调查得出奶牛骨关节疾病的发病率与SD存在显著正相关性。大鼠试验表明，光照紊乱导致生物钟异常，促进软骨病理损伤，加速OA的发展进程。本试验揭示了光照变化对哺乳动物骨关节疾病的显著影响，为今后奶牛场制定合适人工光照周期方案降低奶牛骨关节疾病发病率提供参考。

关键词: 光照紊乱, 生物钟, 骨关节疾病, 日照时数, 奶牛

Abstract:

This study aimed to explore the effects of light disturbance and biological clock on osteoarthritis (OA) based on the relationship between the length of sunshine duration (SD) and osteoarthritis (OA) in dairy farms in different regions. By investigating the incidence of bone and joint diseases of lactation cows and local monthly SD in 11 regions across the country from July 2018 to June 2021, the correlation between its incidence and SD was analyzed through Pearson. At the same time, 64 SD male rats were randomly divided into N group (n=32) and OA group (n=32). The OA group used the method of anterior cruciate ligament cleavage (ACLT) to establish an early OA model, and N group performed sham surgery. Each group is divided into two subgroups, and two light-dark period regulation modes (normal light LD and disordered light illumination Dis-LD) are established, namely N+LD, N+Dis-LD, OA+LD and OA+Dis-LD groups, with 16 individual groups. The test cycle was 6 weeks, and the weight changes in rats were recorded, the levels of inflammatory factors and cartilage degradation markers were detected in rat serum, and the articular cartilage was stained with frairo O-solid green and OARSI scores were used to detect the levels of proteins related to cartilage metabolism in rats, and the effects of key biological clock proteins in the heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of OA rats were detected. Among the 11 regions surveyed, except for Yinchuan, the other 10 regions were positively correlated with SD, with 6 regions moderately positive correlation (0.4 < R² < 0.6) and 4 regions weakly correlated (0.2 < R² < 0.4). The results of rat experimental research showed that light disorders can significantly slow down the weight gain in rats, increase the content of proinflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS) and cartilage degradation markers (COMP and CTX-Ⅱ) in rats, promote the catabolism of articular cartilage matrix (MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4) in rats in OA group and reduce the synthesis of cartilage collagen fibers (COL2A1). The key biological clock proteins (BMAL1, NR1D1, CRY1 and PER3) in the heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of OA rats showed varying degrees. Epidemiological investigations revealed that the incidence of bone and joint diseases in dairy cows was significantly positively correlated with SD. Rat experiments showed that light disorders lead to abnormal biological clocks, promote pathological damage to the cartilage and accelerate the development of OA. This experiment revealed the significant impact of light changes on bone and joint diseases in mammals, and provided a reference for dairy farms to develop appropriate artificial light cycle plans to reduce the incidence of bone and joint diseases in dairy cows in the future.

Key words: light disturbance, biological clock, bone joint disease, sunshine duration, dairy cattle

中图分类号:

S857.16

刘永醍, 戚晶晶, 郭晓艳, 马玉辉, 李淑欣, 宋霄鹏, 裘宗盛, 高翔, 李亚楠, 马天文. 日照时数与奶牛骨关节疾病的相关性及光照紊乱对大鼠骨关节炎的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(10): 5251-5265.

LIU Yongti, QI Jingjing, GUO Xiaoyan, MA Yuhui, LI Shuxin, SONG Xiaopeng, QIU Zongsheng, GAO Xiang, LI Ya'nan, MA Tianwen. Correlation between Sunshine Duration and Osteoarthritis of Cows and the Effect of Light Disorder on Osteoarthritis in Rats[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(10): 5251-5265.

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地区 Region	城市 City	地理坐标(经度，纬度) Geographic coordinates (longitude, latitude)
东北地区 Northeast	哈尔滨	126.55, 45.85
东北地区 Northeast	长春	125.35, 43.85
华北地区 North China	北京	116.45, 39.95
	天津	117.25, 39.05
	石家庄	114.55, 38.05
	呼和浩特	111.75, 40.85
华东地区 East China	济南	117.15, 36.65
华东地区 East China	合肥	117.25, 31.85
华中地区 Central China	郑州	113.65, 34.75
华中地区 Central China	长沙	112.95, 28.25
西北地区 Northwest	银川	106.25, 38.55

基因名称 Gene name	引物序列(5′→3′) Primer sequence	扩增产物长度/ bp Amplification product length
BMAL1	F：CCCATACACAGAAGCAAACTA R：GATCTTCCCTCGGTCACATCC	118
NR1D1	F：CGGTCTACGGCAAGGCAACAC R：TTCTACCACCTCCCGCACAGC	145
CRY1	F：GTGGTGGCGGAAACTGCTCTC R：TGCGTCCTCTTCCTGACTTGGG	146
PER3	F：CAACCGCACCATCCGCAGAC R：CTTACGCCAGACGCCATGCTC	82
GAPDH	F：GATGCCCCCATGTTTGTGAT R：GGCATGGACTGTGGTCATGAG	150

地区 Region	城市 City	年份Year
		2018—2019		2019—2020		2020—2021
		调查总数/头	病例数/头	发病率/%	调查总数/头	病例数/头	发病率/%	调查总数/头	病例数/头	发病率/%
东北地区 Northeast	哈尔滨	3 078	268	8.71	3 042	234	7.69	3 231	175	5.42
东北地区 Northeast	长春	1 934	132	6.82	1 928	105	5.45	1 950	127	6.51
华北地区 North China	北京	5 632	388	6.89	5 919	342	5.78	6 206	261	4.21
	天津	2 465	198	8.03	2 604	177	6.80	2 679	172	6.42
	石家庄	5 399	311	5.76	5 614	308	5.49	5 888	397	6.74
	呼和浩特	4 243	304	7.17	4 208	267	6.34	4 500	255	5.67
华东地区 East China	济南	1 059	22	2.08	1 283	35	2.73	1 547	32	2.07
华东地区 East China	合肥	1 792	40	2.23	1 821	28	1.54	1 951	31	1.59
华中地区 Central China	郑州	1 800	32	1.78	1 902	25	1.31	2 202	28	1.27
华中地区 Central China	长沙	1 282	1	0.08	1 282	1	0.08	1 351	1	0.07
西北地区 Northwest	银川	1 538	1	0.07	1 522	2	0.13	1 500	1	0.07
骨关节疾病合计 Total		302 222	1 697	5.62	31 117	1 524	4.90	32 974	1 408	4.49

地区 Region	城市 City	年份Year
地区 Region	城市 City	2018—2019	2019—2020	2020—2021
东北地区 Northeast	哈尔滨	1 497.07	1 438.06	1 463.45
东北地区 Northeast	长春	1553.18	1510.83	1523.19
华北地区 North China	北京	1 674.51	1 685.89	1 669.94
	天津	1 674.27	1 676.95	1 628.35
	石家庄	1 676.09	1 704.92	1 672.63
	呼和浩特	1 791.33	1 832.53	1 784.98
华东地区 East China	济南	1 729.14	1 730.77	1 667.80
华东地区 East China	合肥	1 658.76	1 644.65	1 574.78
华中地区 Central China	郑州	1 650.90	1 638.94	1 629.21
华中地区 Central China	长沙	1 490.03	1 608.10	1 493.27
西北地区 Northwest	银川	1 793.60	1 901.43	1 840.97

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Correlation between Sunshine Duration and Osteoarthritis of Cows and the Effect of Light Disorder on Osteoarthritis in Rats

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