基于16S rRNA测序分析高低饲料转化率猪粪便微生物的组成差异

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.04.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 提高猪饲料转化率是目前猪育种工作的重点，本研究对384头三元杂交母猪的FCR值进行排序，从中选取两端高饲料转化率(HFCR组)和低饲料转化率(LFCR组)猪各10头，采集粪便进行微生物16S rRNA基因测序分析。结果表明，LFCR组的Richness指数、Chao1指数、ACE指数均极显著高于HFCR组(P＜0.01)。通过LEfSe分析，在属水平上筛选两组间具有显著差异的微生物，其中，在LFCR组筛选LDA>3的微生物主要是Prevotella_1、Treponema_2、Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group、Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group、p-1088-a5_gut_group、Prevotella_9、阿克曼菌属、Prevotellaceae_UCG_009、Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014、Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group，在HFCR组LDA>3的微生物主要是巨球藻属、小类杆菌属、链型杆菌属、假丁酸弧菌属、柯林斯氏菌、Solobacterium、罕见小球菌属、链球菌属。Spearman相关性分析结果表明，与FCR显著负相关的微生物大多与短链脂肪酸的产生有关，而与FCR显著正相关的微生物多数为潜在的致病性细菌。本研究通过筛选高、低饲料转化率猪粪便中的差异微生物，并对差异微生物丰度与饲料转化率性状进行相关性分析，最终筛选到与饲料转化率显著关联的粪便微生物，为猪饲料转化率性状的肠道微生物育种标记筛选提供一定参考。

关键词: 饲料转化率, 16S rRNA, 粪便微生物

Abstract: Improving feed conversion efficiency in pigs is currently a key focus of pig breeding efforts. In this study, FCR values of 384 crossbred sows were ranked, and 20 pigs with extreme feed conversion ratio (10 with the highest FCR and 10 with the lowest FCR) were selected to form the HFCR group and LFCR group, respectively. Fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The results showed that the Richness index, Chao1 index, and ACE index of the LFCR group are significantly higher than those of the HFCR group (P < 0.01). The LEfSe analysis was used to identify microorganisms at the genus level with significant differences between the two groups. In the LFCR group, microorganisms with LDA>3 were mainly included Prevotella_1, Treponema_2, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, p-1088-a5_gut_group, Prevotella_9, Akkermansia, Prevotellaceae_UCG_009, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, and Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group. In the HFCR group, microorganisms with LDA>3 were mainly included Megasphaera, Dialister, Catenibacterium, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Collinsella, Solobacterium, Subdoligranulum, and Streptococcus. The results of Spearman correlation analysis indicated that microorganisms significantly negatively correlated with FCR are mostly associated with short-chain fatty acid production, while microorganisms significantly positively correlated with FCR were mostly potential pathogenic bacteria. This study screened differential microorganisms in feces from pigs with high and low feed conversion rates, also conducted correlation analysis between the abundance of differential microorganisms and feed conversion rate traits, and ultimately identified fecal microorganisms significantly associated with feed conversion rate, thus provided a reference for the selection of intestinal microbial breeding markers for pig feed conversion rate traits.

Key words: feed conversion rate, 16S rRNA, fecal microbiota

中图分类号:

S828.2

张帅, 陈奎蓉, 许迪, 江山, 王梦影, 张坤, 徐玉培, 雷国凤, 张志程, 郭猛, 赵云翔, 兰干球, 梁晶. 基于16S rRNA测序分析高低饲料转化率猪粪便微生物的组成差异[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(4): 1605-1614.

ZHANG Shuai, CHEN Kuirong, XU Di, JIANG Shan, WANG Mengying, ZHANG Kun, XU Yupei, LEI Guofeng, ZHANG Zhicheng, GUO Meng, ZHAO Yunxiang, LAN Ganqiu, LIANG Jing. Analysis of Microbial Composition Differences in High and Low Feed Conversion Rates Pig Feces based on 16S rRNA Sequencing[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(4): 1605-1614.

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