母鹅日粮添加甜菜碱通过IGFs信号通路促进子代胸肌肌纤维肥大

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2023.12.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在探究母鹅日粮添加甜菜碱对子代胸肌发育的影响及机制。将540只体重相近的39周龄江南白鹅随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复36只,公母比为1∶5。对照组(CON)饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加0.25%(LBT组)和0.5%(HBT组)的甜菜碱,连续饲喂7周,从第7周开始,连续收集7 d种蛋入孵,出雏后每组各选取160只1日龄体重相近的健康雏鹅(公母各半),子代鹅饲喂相同的基础日粮,试验期63 d。分别在第35和63日龄时,每组选择10只屠宰并采集胸肌样品。通过RT-qPCR和Western blot检测胸肌肌纤维类型、生长相关基因和蛋白的表达水平。结果表明:母鹅日粮添加甜菜碱显著增加35日龄HBT组子代鹅体重和胸肌重量(P＜0.01),显著增加63日龄LBT和HBT组子代鹅体重和胸肌重量(P<0.01或P＜0.05),显著增加63日龄HBT组子代鹅胸肌指数(P＜0.05);与对照组相比,母鹅日粮添加甜菜碱显著提高了35日龄LBT及HBT组及63日龄HBT组子代鹅的胸肌肌纤维直径和横截面积(P＜0.05),显著降低35日龄HBT组胸肌肌纤维密度(P＜0.05),同时子代鹅胸肌中LBT组35日龄RNA含量和HBT组35及63日龄RNA和蛋白质也显著升高(P＜0.05);各组间肌纤维类型未发生显著变化,但LBT和HBT组两个日龄胸肌中Pax7 mRNA的相对表达量均显著升高(P＜0.05);35日龄时,HBT组子代鹅胸肌中IGF-2含量显著增加(P＜0.05),且LBT和HBT组IGF-2、IGF-1R和mTOR的mRNA表达水平均显著升高(P＜0.05,除LBT组mTOR P=0.07)。63日龄时,LBT和HBT组子代鹅胸肌中IGF-1和IGF-2含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),IGF-1、IGF-2、IGF-1R和mTOR(除LBT组mTOR外)的mRNA表达水平也显著上调(P＜0.05)。此外,母鹅日粮添加甜菜碱显著升高了35日龄子代鹅胸肌中p-mTOR的蛋白表达,以及63日龄HBT组胸肌中的p-AKT和p-mTOR的蛋白表达(P＜0.05)。综上表明,母鹅日粮添加甜菜碱通过激活与IGFs相关的信号通路,促进子代鹅胸肌蛋白质合成,从而增加胸肌重量。

关键词: 甜菜碱, 子代鹅, 胸肌, 肌纤维, 胰岛素样生长因子

Abstract: The aim of this experiment was to explore the effects of maternal betaine supplementation on the breast muscle development and mechanism of offspring goslings. A total of 540 healthy geese breeeders with similar body weight at 39 weeks old were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 replicates per group and 36 geese per replicate, male and female ratio was 1∶5. Geese breeders in control were fed a basal diet, and the others in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.25% (LBT group) or 0.5% (HBT group) betaine. The trail lasted for 7 weeks, eggs were collected during the 7th week for consecutive day and hatched. After hatching, 160 healthy one-day-old goslings with similar body weight were selected from each group (half male and half famale), offspring goslings were fed the same basal diet, the trial last for 63 days. Ten goslings from each group were slaughtered and breast muscle samples were collected at 35 and 63 days of age, respectively. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detected the expression levels of muscle fiber types, growth-related genes and protein in breast muscle. The results showed that: maternal betaine supplementation significantly increased the body weight and breast muscle weight of offspring goslings in HBT group at the age of 35 days (P＜0.01), as well as in LBT group at the age of 63 days (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01), and significantly increased breast muscle index in HBT group at 63 day of age (P＜0.05). Compared with the CON group, the muscle fiber diameter and cross-sectional area from offspring goslings at 35 days of age in LBT and HBT groups and at 63 days of age in HBT group were significantly increased (P＜0.05), while the muscle fiber density of the 35-day-old HBT group was significantly reduced (P＜0.05), in addition, the RNA and protein content in HBT group at 35 and 63 days of age and RNA content in LBT group at 35 days of age were also significantly raised (P＜0.05); There were no significant change in the breast muscle fiber types, while the mRNA expression of Pax7 was significantly elevated in LBT and HBT group at 35 and 63 days of age. At 35 days of age, the IGF-2 content of the breast muscle was significantly increased in HBT group (P＜0.05) and the mRNA expression levels of IGF-2, IGF-1R, and mTOR were also significantly up-regulated in LBT and HBT groups (P＜0.05; except mTOR in LBT group, P=0.07). At 63 days of age, the contents of IGF-1 and IGF-2 was significantly enhanced in breast muscle from LBT and HBT groups (P＜0.05), which was line with higher mRNA expression of IGF-1, IGF-2, IGF-1R, and mTOR (except mTOR in LBT group) genes, compared with CON group (P＜0.05). In addition, maternal betaine supplementation significantly increased the protein expression of p-mTOR in breast muscle of 35-day-old offspring goslings in both experimental groups, as well as the protein expression of p-AKT and p-mTOR in breast muscle of 63-day-old offspring goslings in HBT group (P＜0.05). These results indicated that maternal betaine supplementation promotes the protein synthesis of breast muscle of goslings by activating IGFs-related signaling pathways, thus increase the breast muscle weight.

Key words: betaine, offspring goslings, breast muscle, muscle fiber, insulin-like growth factor

中图分类号:

S835

马帅, 王燕, 庄新娟, 王文正, 赵茹茜. 母鹅日粮添加甜菜碱通过IGFs信号通路促进子代胸肌肌纤维肥大[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(12): 5112-5124.

MA Shuai, WAN Yan, ZHUANG Xinjuan, WANG Wenzheng, ZHAO Ruqian. Maternal Betaine Supplementation Promotes the Breast Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy in Offspring Goslings via IGFs Signaling Pathway[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(12): 5112-5124.

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