放牧与舍饲饲养方式对小尾寒羊肉品质的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2021.08.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究旨在探讨放牧和舍饲两种饲养方式对小尾寒羊肉品质的影响。将100只2月龄雄性断奶羔羊随机分为放牧组与舍饲组，至8月龄进行屠宰，比较两组羔羊肉的营养成分、氨基酸含量、肉色、pH、嫩度及产肉性能。结果表明，放牧组羊肉粗蛋白和水分含量显著高于舍饲组羊肉（P<0.05）。舍饲组羊肉干物质显著高于放牧羊肉（P<0.05），粗脂肪极显著高于放牧组羊肉（P<0.01）。舍饲组羊肉蛋氨酸、天冬氨酸和丝氨酸含量显著高于放牧组羊肉（P<0.05），苏氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、谷氨酸和组氨酸含量均极显著高于放牧组羊肉（P<0.01），必需氨基酸总量、非必需氨基酸总量和氨基酸总量也极显著高于放牧组羊肉（P<0.01）。放牧组羔羊背最长肌黄度值（b^*）和亮度值（L^*）极显著高于舍饲组（P<0.01），肌纤维直径极显著低于舍饲组（P<0.01），肌纤维密度极显著高于舍饲组（P<0.01）。舍饲组羊肉熟肉率极显著高于放牧组（P<0.01），眼肌面积极显著大于放牧组（P<0.01）。综上所述，放牧饲养的羔羊其肉蛋白质含量较高，脂肪含量较低，肌纤维特性较好，舍饲饲养的羔羊其肉脂肪含量和氨基酸含量较高，肉色和产肉性能较好，生产中可结合两种饲养方式平衡养殖。

关键词: 放牧, 舍饲, 小尾寒羊, 肌纤维特性, 产肉性能

Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of grazing and confinement feeding systems on meat quality of Small-tailed Han sheep. One hundred male weaning lambs of 2-month-old were randomly divided into grazing and confinement groups. The nutritional composition, amino acid content, meat colour, pH, tenderness and meat production performance were detected after slaughtered at 8-month-old. The results showed that the crude protein and water content of meat in the grazing group were significantly higher than those of the confinement group (P<0.05). The dry matter of meat in the confinement group was significantly higher (P<0.05) and the crude fat was extremely significantly higher (P<0.01) than those of the grazing group. The meat contents of methionine, aspartic acid and serine were significantly higher (P<0.05) and the contents of threonine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, glutamic acid and histidine in confinement lambs were extremely significantly higher (P<0.01) than those in grazing lambs. The total amount of essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids and total amino acids in confinement lambs were also extremely significantly higher than those in grazing lambs (P<0.01). Compared with the confinement group, the yellowness (b^*) and brightness (L^*) values of longissimus dorsi were extremely significantly higher (P<0.01), the diameter of muscle fibre was extremely significantly smaller (P<0.01), the density of muscle fibre was extremely significantly larger (P<0.01) in the grazing group. The cooked meat rate was extremely significantly higher (P<0.01) and the loin-eye area was extremely significantly larger (P<0.01) in the confinement group than those of the grazing group. In conclusion, grazing lambs have a higher content of protein, lower content of fat, better characteristics of muscle fiber, and confinement lambs have a higher content of fat and amino acids, better meat color and meat production performance. Two feeding systems should be combined in production to balance feeding.

Key words: grazing, confinement, Small-tailed Han sheep, characteristics of muscle fibers, meat production performance

中图分类号:

S826

于小杰, 王净, 白园园, 张雷, 赵晓锟, 杨江峰, 王聪慧, 杨超超. 放牧与舍饲饲养方式对小尾寒羊肉品质的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2021, 52(8): 2223-2232.

YU Xiaojie, WANG Jing, BAI Yuanyuan, ZHANG Lei, ZHAO Xiaokun, YANG Jiangfeng, WANG Conghui, YANG Chaochao. Effects of Grazing and Confinement Feeding Systems on the Meat Quality of Small-tailed Han Sheep[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2021, 52(8): 2223-2232.

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