杜洛克猪瘦肉率性状的窝效应分析及遗传参数估计

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2023.06.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在评估瘦肉率性状的遗传参数及其主要生长性状之间的关系,并分析窝效应对瘦肉率和主要生长性状的影响,为瘦肉率性状的改良提供参考。本试验以广东中芯种业科技有限公司下属某核心场杜洛克猪群体(26 392头)的校正115 kg瘦肉率(corrected 115 kg lean meat percentage,LMP)、校正115 kg日增重(corrected 115 kg daily gain,ADG)、校正115 kg背膘厚(corrected 115 kg backfat thickness,BFT)和校正115 kg眼肌面积(corrected 115 kg loin muscle area,LMA)性状为研究对象,利用R软件对影响杜洛克猪LMP、ADG、BFT和LMA性状的固定效应进行方差分析,并利用DMU软件计算了考虑和不考虑窝效应情况下LMP性状的遗传参数,评估其与生长性状间的遗传和表型相关。结果显示,上述各性状的表型记录数量均达到了20 000条以上,当考虑窝效应时LMP性状的遗传力为0.34±0.019;不考虑窝效应时LMP性状遗传力为0.45±0.017。LMP与ADG性状的遗传相关系数较小,但与LMA性状呈极显著正相关。此外,该杜洛克群体的LMP、ADG、BFT和LMA性状的窝效应在总体方差中的比重分别为0.15、0.21、0.15和0.14,且LMP年平均估计育种值(estimated breeding value,EBV)呈上升趋势。上述结果说明,该杜洛克群体的LMP、ADG、BFT和LMA的遗传力均属于中等遗传力,且受窝效应影响较大。在遗传评估模型中考虑窝效应作为随机效应进一步提高了模型对上述性状的拟合效果,增加了遗传评估的准确性,此外如母体遗传效应等对上述性状的影响仍需进一步探讨。上述结果说明,眼肌面积受到了瘦肉率性状的协同选择,进一步说明了目前瘦肉率估算方程中将眼肌面积作为辅助性状的原因。

关键词: 杜洛克猪, 瘦肉率, 窝效应, 遗传参数

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic parameters of lean meat percentage traits and the relationship between their main growth traits, and to analyze the effects of litter effect on lean meat percentage and main growth traits, so as to provide reference for the improvement of lean meat percentage traits. In this study, the corrected 115 kg lean meat percentage (LMP), corrected 115 kg daily gain (ADG), corrected 115 kg backfat thickness (BFT), and corrected 115 kg eye muscle area (LMA) traits were studied in a Duroc pig population (26 392 animals) at a core farm of Guangdong Zhongxin Breeding Technology Co.. The R software was used to analyze the fixed effects on LMP, ADG, BFT, and LMA in Duroc pigs. The genetic parameters of estimation with and without litter effect for lean meat percentage traits, and the genetic and phenotypic correlations between LMP trait and growth traits were evaluated using DMU software. The results showed that the number of phenotypic records for each of these traits reached more than 20 000, and the heritability of the LMP trait was 0.34±0.019 when the litter effect was taken into consideration, the heritability of the LMP trait was 0.45±0.017 when the litter effect was not considered. The genetic correlation coefficient between LMP and ADG traits was relatively small, but it was highly significantly positively correlated with the LMA trait. In addition, the weight of the litter effect in the overall variance for the LMP, ADG, BFT, and LMA traits in this Duroc population was 0.15, 0.21, 0.15, and 0.14, respectively, and the mean annual estimated breeding value (EBV) for LMP showed an increasing trend. The above results showed that the heritability of LMP, ADG, BFT, and LMA of this Duroc population belonged to medium heritability and was greatly affected by the litter effect. The fitting effect of the these traits was further enhanced and the accuracy of genetic evaluation was increased by treating the litter effect as a random variable in the genetic evaluation model. In addition, the effects of other traits , such as maternal genetic effects, are needed to be further discussed. The above results showed that the loin muscle area trait was cooperatively selected by lean meat percentage traits, and further explained the reason why loin muscle area was used as auxiliary traits in the current lean meat percentage prediction equation.

Key words: Duroc pigs, lean meat percentage, litter effect, genetic parameter

中图分类号:

S828.2

周辅臣, 叶健, 郭才金, 曾海玉, 吴珍芳, 董林松, 蔡更元. 杜洛克猪瘦肉率性状的窝效应分析及遗传参数估计[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(6): 2288-2296.

ZHOU Fuchen, YE Jian, GUO Caijin, ZENG Haiyu, WU Zhenfang, DONG Linsong, CAI Gengyuan. Litter Effect Analysis and Genetic Parameters Estimation of Lean Meat Percentage Trait in Duroc Pigs[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(6): 2288-2296.

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