低聚壳聚糖替代抗生素对樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、肠道屏障功能和肌肉品质的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2021.07.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本试验旨在探究日粮中添加50 mg·kg^-1的低聚壳聚糖（chitosan oligosaccharide，COS）替代抗生素对樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标、肠道屏障功能和肌肉品质的影响。选取540只1日龄的樱桃谷肉鸭，随机分为3组，每组6个重复，每个重复30只鸭，分别饲喂基础日粮（对照组，control group）、基础日粮+40 mg·kg^-1杆菌肽锌（抗生素组，antibiotic group）以及基础日粮+50 mg·kg^-1 COS （COS组，COS group），试验期42 d。试验结束时，从每个重复中随机选取1只公鸭（接近平均体重）称重，采集血样、肠道与肌肉样品用于血清生化、肠道屏障功能和肌肉品质等指标的测定。试验结果表明：1）与对照组和抗生素组相比，日粮中添加COS显著提高了樱桃谷肉鸭的平均日采食量（ADFI）、平均日增重（ADG）、脾脏指数和胸腺指数（P<0.05），但对肉鸭屠宰性能影响不显著（P>0.05）。2）与对照组相比，日粮中添加COS或抗生素显著提高了血清球蛋白（GLB）含量、腿肌超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）（P<0.05）以及十二指肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A （sIgA）和免疫球蛋白G （IgG）含量（P<0.05），降低了血清尿素氮（BUN）含量和A/G值、腿肌丙二醛（MDA）含量和滴水损失（P<0.05）。3）与对照组和抗生素组相比，日粮中添加COS显著提高了空肠和回肠黏膜的免疫球蛋白M （IgM）含量（P<0.05），显著降低了血清二胺氧化酶（DAO）和脂多糖（LPS）含量（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，日粮中添加COS显著提高了十二指肠黏膜咬合蛋白（OCLN）基因mRNA表达水平和腿肌a^*值（P<0.05），显著降低了血清D-乳酸含量（P<0.05）。此外，抗生素组的空肠黏膜OCLN基因表达水平显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。结果指出：日粮中添加COS提高了樱桃谷肉鸭的生长性能，增强了免疫力，改善了肠道屏障功能和肉品质。COS可以替代抗生素用于樱桃谷肉鸭生产。

关键词: 樱桃谷肉鸭, 生长性能, 屠宰性能, 血清生化指标, 肠道屏障功能, 肌肉品质

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) as an alternative to antibiotic on the growth performance, slaughter performance, serum biochemical parameters, intestinal barrier function, and meat quality of Cherry Valley ducks. A total of 540 ducks (one day old) were randomly assigned to 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 30 ducks per replicate. Ducks in the 3 treatments were respectively fed a basal diet (control group), a basal diet added with either 40 mg·kg^-1 zinc bacitracin (antibiotic group) or 50 mg·kg^-1 COS (COS group) for 42 days. At the end of the experiment, one male duck (close to the average body weight) from each replicate was randomly selected and weighted. Blood, intestinal and muscle samples were collected for determination of serum biochemical indices, intestinal barrier function and muscle quality, respectively. The results showed that:1) Compared with control and antibiotic groups, dietary COS supplementation markedly increased the average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) of ducks, and the spleen and thymus indices (P<0.05), whereas no significant effects were found in the slaughter performance (P>0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, the supplementation of COS or antibiotics significantly increased the serum globulin (GLB) content, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of leg muscle (P<0.05), the secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), and the immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the duodenal mucosa (P<0.05), signifcantly decreased the serum urea nitrogen (BUN) content and the A/G value, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the drip loss of leg muscle(P<0.05). 3) Compared with control and antibiotic groups, dietary COS supplementation significantly increased IgM content in jejunal and ileal mucosa (P<0.05), signifcantly decreased diamine oxidase (DAO) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in serum (P<0.05). Compared to the control group, dietary COS supplementation markedly increased the mRNA expression of occludin (OCLN) in the duodenal mucosa (P<0.05) and the redness value (a^*) of leg muscle (P<0.05), significantly decreased the serum D-lactic content (P<0.05). In addition, the mRNA expression of OCLN in the jejunal mucosa in antibiotic group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05). The results suggest that the supplementation of COS could increase growth performance, enhance the immunity ability, improve the intestinal barrier function, and meat quality in Cherry Valley ducks. Therefore, COS could be used as an alternative to antibiotics in Cherry Valley ducks production.

Key words: Cherry Valley ducks, growth performance, slaughter performance, serum biochemical indices, intestinal barrier function, meat quality

中图分类号:

S834.5

陈中卫, 王瑞秀, 刘强, 刘峰, 庄苏. 低聚壳聚糖替代抗生素对樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、肠道屏障功能和肌肉品质的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2021, 52(7): 1927-1941.

CHEN Zhongwei, WANG Ruixiu, LIU Qiang, LIU Feng, ZHUANG Su. Effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharide Supplementation as an Alternative to Antibiotic on the Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance, Intestinal Barrier Function and Meat Quality of Cherry Valley Ducks[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2021, 52(7): 1927-1941.

参考文献 65

[1]	MOORE P R,EVENSON A,LUCKEY T D,et al.Use of sulfasuxidine,streptothricin,and streptomycin in nutritional studies with the chick[J].J Biol Chem,1946,165(2):437-441.
[2]	COMMUNITY E.Regulation (EC) No.1831/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on additives for use in animal nutrition[J].Off J Eur Union,2003,L268:29-43.
[3]	CHENG G Y,HAO H H,XIE S Y,et al.Antibiotic alternatives:the substitution of antibiotics in animal husbandry?[J].Front Microbiol,2014,5:217.
[4]	XIA W S,LIU P,HANG J L,et al.Biological activities of chitosan and chitooligosaccharides[J].Food Hydrocoll,2011,25(2):170-179.
[5]	LIAQAT F,ELTEM R.Chitooligosaccharides and their biological activities:a comprehensive review[J].Carbohydr Polym,2018,184:243-259.
[6]	BENHABILES M S,SALAH R,LOUNICI H,et al.Antibacterial activity of chitin,chitosan and its oligomers prepared from shrimp shell waste[J].Food Hydrocoll,2012,29(1):48-56.
[7]	NAVEED M,PHIL L,SOHAIL M,et al.Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS):an overview[J].Int J Biol Macromol,2019,129:827-843.
[8]	MENGÍBAR M,MATEOS-APARICIO I,MIRALLES B,et al.Influence of the physico-chemical characteristics of chito-oligosaccharides (COS) on antioxidant activity[J].Carbohydr Polym,2013,97(2):776-782.
[9]	ZOU P,YANG X,WANG J,et al.Advances in characterisation and biological activities of chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharides[J].Food Chem,2016,190:1174-1181.
[10]	PHIL L,NAVEED M,MOHAMMAD I S,et al.Chitooligosaccharide:an evaluation of physicochemical and biological properties with the proposition for determination of thermal degradation products[J].Biomed Pharmacother,2018,102:438-451.
[11]	HAMED I,ÖZOGUL F,REGENSTEIN J M.Industrial applications of crustacean by-products (chitin,chitosan,and chitooligosaccharides):a review[J].Trends Food Sci Technol,2016,48:40-50.
[12]	YUAN X B,ZHENG J P,JIAO S M,et al.A review on the preparation of chitosan oligosaccharides and application to human health,animal husbandry and agricultural production[J].Carbohydr Polym,2019,220:60-70.
[13]	LI X J,PIAO X S,KIM S W,et al.Effects of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation on performance,nutrient digestibility,and serum composition in broiler chickens[J].Poult Sci,2007,86(6):1107-1114.
[14]	ZHOU T X,CHEN Y J,YOO J S,et al.Effects of chitooligosaccharide supplementation on performance,blood characteristics,relative organ weight,and meat quality in broiler chickens[J].Poult Sci,2009,88(3):593-600.
[15]	LI J,CHENG Y F,CHEN Y P,et al.Dietary chitooligosaccharide inclusion as an alternative to antibiotics improves intestinal morphology,barrier function,antioxidant capacity,and immunity of broilers at early age[J].Animals (Basel),2019,9(8):493.
[16]	ZHOU T X,CHO J H,KIM I H.Effects of supplementation of chito-oligosaccharide on the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood characteristics and appearance of diarrhea in weanling pigs[J].Livest Sci,2012,144(3):263-268.
[17]	YANG C M,FERKET P R,HONG Q H,et al.Effect of chito-oligosaccharide on growth performance,intestinal barrier function,intestinal morphology and cecal microflora in weaned pigs[J].J Anim Sci,2012,90(8):2671-2676.
[18]	HU S L,WANG Y,WEN X L,et al.Effects of low-molecular-weight chitosan on the growth performance,intestinal morphology,barrier function,cytokine expression and antioxidant system of weaned piglets[J].BMC Vet Res,2018,14(1):215.
[19]	XIE C,LONG C,WU X,et al.Effect of maternal supplementation with chitosan oligosaccharide on the antioxidant capacity of suckling piglets[J].J Anim Sci,2016,94(7):453-456.
[20]	刘含亮,孙敏敏,王红卫,等.壳寡糖对虹鳟生长性能、血清生化指标及非特异性免疫功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(3):479-486.LIU H L,SUN M M,WANG H W,et al.Effects of chito-oligosaccharides on growth performance,serum biochemical indices and non-specific immunity function of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2012,24(3):479-486.(in Chinese)
[21]	宋涛.日粮中不同水平壳寡糖对北京鸭生长性能、脂肪沉积以及肉品质的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2005.SONG T.The effects of chitosan oligosaccharide of different levels on growth performance,lipid storage and meat quality of Peking ducks[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2005.(in Chinese)
[22]	CHANG Q Q,LU Y Q,LAN R X.Chitosan oligosaccharide as an effective feed additive to maintain growth performance,meat quality,muscle glycolytic metabolism,and oxidative status in yellow-feather broilers under heat stress[J].Poult Sci,2020,99(10):4824-4831.
[23]	范秋丽,蒋守群,苟钟勇,等.益生菌、低聚壳聚糖、酸化剂及复合酶对1~66日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、胴体性能和肉品质的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2020,47(5):1360-1372.FAN Q L,JIANG S Q,GOU Z Y,et al.Effects of probiotics,oligomeric chitosan,acidulant and complex enzymes on growth performance,immune function,carcass traits and meat quality of yellow-feathered chicken aged from 1 to 66 days old[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2020,47(5):1360-1372.(in Chinese)
[24]	王瑞秀,陈中卫,刘强,等.不同溶剂下低聚壳聚糖对3种常见鸭源性致病菌的体外抑菌效果的影响[J].饲料工业,2020,41(16):25-30.WANG R X,CHEN Z W,LIU Q,et al.Inhibition effect of chitoligosaccharide with different solvent on three species of duck pathogenic bacteria in vitro[J].Feed Industry,2020,41(16):25-30.(in Chinese)
[25]	WANG Y Y,WANG B Z,LIU Q,et al.Palygorskite supplementation improves growth performance,oxidative status,and intestinal barrier function in cherry valley ducks[J].J Poult Sci,2019,56(3):186-194.
[26]	LIVAK K J,SCHMITTGEN T D.Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-ΔΔCT method[J].Methods,2001,25(4):402-408.
[27]	LIU P,PIAO X S,KIM S W,et al.Effects of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation on the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,and fecal shedding of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus in weaning pigs[J].J Anim Sci,2008,86(10):2609-2618.
[28]	KHAMBUALAI O,YAMAUCHI K,TANGTAWEEWIPAT S,et al.Growth performance and intestinal histology in broiler chickens fed with dietary chitosan[J].Br Poult Sci,2009,50(5):592-597.
[29]	THONGSONG B,SUTHONGSA S,PICHYANG-KURA R,et al.Effects of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation with low or medium molecular weight and high degree of deacetylation on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and small intestinal morphology in weaned pigs[J].Livest Sci,2018,209:60-66.
[30]	HUANG R L,YIN Y L,WU G Y,et al.Effect of dietary oligochitosan supplementation on ileal digestibility of nutrients and performance in broilers[J].Poult Sci,2005,84(9):1383-1388.
[31]	TANG Z R,YIN Y L,NYACHOTI C M,et al.Effect of dietary supplementation of chitosan and galacto-mannan-oligosaccharide on serum parameters and the insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA expression in early-weaned piglets[J].Domest Anim Endocrinol,2005,28(4):430-441.
[32]	HUANG R L,DENG Z Y,YANG C B,et al.Dietary oligochitosan supplementation enhances immune status of broilers[J].J Sci Food Agric,2007,87(1):153-159.
[33]	王秀武,林欣,张丽,等.壳寡糖对肉仔鸡生产性能、小肠组织结构和肌组织矿物质元素含量的影响[J].中国粮油学报,2005,20(2):83-88.WANG X W,LIN X,ZHANG L,et al.Effect of oligo-chitosan on broiler performance,small intestine structure and muscle mineral element concentration[J].Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,2005,20(2):83-88.(in Chinese)
[34]	史彬林,李德发,朴香淑.壳聚糖对肉仔鸡生长性能及免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2005,41(1):9-11.SHI B L,LI D F,PIAO X S.Effect of chitosan on growth performance and immune function in broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2005,41(1):9-11.(in Chinese)
[35]	辛清武,李丽,章琳俐,等.低聚壳聚糖对北京鸭屠宰性能、血清抗氧化性能的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2019,40(5):29-33.XIN Q W,LI L,ZHANG L L,et al.Effect of Chitooligosaccharide on slaughter performance and serum antioxidant indexes of Peking duck[J].Acta Ecologae Animalis Domastici,2019,40(5):29-33.(in Chinese)
[36]	黄晓亮,常斌,杜柄旺,等.壳聚糖在贵妃鸡日粮中的应用效果研究[J].中国饲料,2008, 363(7):18-20.HUANG X L,CHANG B,DU B W,et al.Study on the application effect of chitosan in the diet of Princess Chicken[J].China Feed, 2008, 363(7):18-20.(in Chinese)
[37]	何雪萍,陈静文,王润莲,等.不同分子质量壳聚糖对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、脂质代谢、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2020,32(7):3154-3161.HE X P,CHEN J W,WANG R L,et al.Effects of different molecular weights of chitosan on growth performance,lipid metabolism,slaughter performance and meat quality of yellow-feather broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2020,32(7):3154-3161.(in Chinese)
[38]	ARSLAN C,TUFAN T.Effects of chitosan oligosaccharides and L-carnitine individually or concurrent supplementation for diets on growth performance,carcass traits and serum composition of broiler chickens[J].Rev Med Vet,2018,169(4-6):130-137.
[39]	王坤,程业飞,陆鹏,等.低聚壳聚糖季铵盐对青脚麻鸡生产性能、免疫和抗氧化功能的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2019,42(3):535-542.WANG K,CHENG Y F,LU P,et al.Effect of quaternized chitooligosaccharide on growth perfor-mance,immune and antioxidant function of partridge shank chickens[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2019,42(3):535-542.(in Chinese)
[40]	GORDON J,MANLEY N R.Mechanisms of thymus organogenesis and morphogenesis[J].Development,2011,138(18):3865-3878.
[41]	MAST J,GODDEERIS B M.Development of immunocompetence of broiler chickens[J].Vet Immunol Immunopathol,1999,70(3-4):245-256.
[42]	DENG X Z,LI X J,LIU P,et al.Effect of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation on immunity in broiler chickens[J].Asian-Australas J Anim Sci,2008,21(11):1651-1658.
[43]	MIAO Z G,ZHAO W X,GUO L P,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation of chitosan on immune function in growing Huoyan geese[J].Poult Sci,2020,99(1):95-100.
[44]	李晶.血清总蛋白测定方法及临床意义[J].中国现代药物应用,2012,6(9):28-29.LI J. Determination of serum total protein and its clinical significance[J].Chinese Journal of Modern Drug Application,2012,6(9):28-29.(in Chinese)
[45]	辛清武,朱志明,李丽,等.低聚壳聚糖对北京鸭生长性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2018,50(4):28-32.XIN Q W,ZHU Z M,LI L,et al.Effect of chitooligosaccharide on growth performance and serum biochemical indexes of Peking duck[J].Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2018, 50(4):28-32.(in Chinese)
[46]	EGGUM B O.Blood urea measurement as a technique for assessing protein quality[J].Br J Nutr,1970,24(4):983-988.
[47]	BROWN J A,CLINE T R.Urea excretion in the pig:an indicator of protein quality and amino acid requirements[J].J Nutr,1974,104(5):542-545.
[48]	LAN R X,LI Y X,CHANG Q Q,et al.Dietary chitosan oligosaccharides alleviate heat stress-induced intestinal oxidative stress and inflammatory response in yellow-feather broilers[J].Poult Sci,2020,99(12):6745-6752.
[49]	肖定福,唐志如,印遇龙,等.壳聚糖对仔猪肠黏膜通透性及Occludin和ZO-1表达的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2012,43(6):894-900.XIAO D F,TANG Z R,YIN Y L,et al.Effects of chitosan on intestine permeability,Occludin and ZO-1 expression in piglets[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2012,43(6):894-900.
[50]	OSHO S O,ADEOLA O.Impact of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide and its effects on coccidia challenge in broiler chickens[J].Br Poult Sci,2019,60(6):766-776.
[51]	SUZUKI T.Regulation of intestinal epithelial permeability by tight junctions[J].Cell Mol Life Sci,2013,70(4):631-659.
[52]	XIONG X,YANG H S,WANG X C,et al.Effect of low dosage of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation on intestinal morphology,immune response,antioxidant capacity,and barrier function in weaned piglets[J].J Anim Sci,2015,93(3):1089-1097.
[53]	YANG Y,PALM N W.Immunoglobulin A and the microbiome[J].Curr Opin Microbiol,2020,56:89-96.
[54]	MANTIS N,ROL N,CORTHÉSY B.Secretory IgA's complex roles in immunity and mucosal homeostasis in the gut[J].Mucosal Immunol,2011,4(6):603-611.
[55]	WAN J,JIANG F,XU Q S,et al.New insights into the role of chitosan oligosaccharide in enhancing growth performance,antioxidant capacity,immunity and intestinal development of weaned pigs[J].RSC Adv,2017,7(16):9669-9679.
[56]	冷智贤,杨雪,洑琴,等.低聚木糖和低聚壳聚糖及其复合制剂对肉鸡生产性能、免疫机能和盲肠菌群的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2014,46(5):13-18.LENG Z X,YANG X,FU Q,et al.Effects of xylooligosaccharide and chitosan oligosaccharide alone or in combination on growth performance,immune function and cecal microflora of broilers[J].Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2014,46(5):13-18.(in Chinese)
[57]	迟晓枫.日粮壳寡糖对肉鸡免疫相关血液学指标的影响[D].成都:四川农业大学,2017.CHI X F.Effects of dietary chitosan oligosaccharides supplementation on immune-related hematological parameters in broilers[D].Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
[58]	李阳,常文环,张姝,等.饲粮添加壳寡糖和干酪乳杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、肌肉品质及抗氧化性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(5):1450-1461.LI Y,CHANG W H,ZHANG S,et al.Effects of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide and lactobacillus casei on growth performance,meat quality and antioxidant function of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(5):1450-1461.(in Chinese)
[59]	白洁,刘国华,年芳,等.饲粮添加壳寡糖对肉鸡肉品质、抗氧化性能、小肠黏膜组织结构及肠道菌群的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(12):4485-4494.BAI J,LIU G H,NIAN F,et al.Effects of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide on meat quality,antioxidant activity,intestinal mucosal structure and intestinal flora of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(12):4485-4494.(in Chinese)
[60]	MIAO Z G,GUO L P,LIU Y L,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation of chitosan on carcass composition and meat quality in growing Huoyan geese[J].Poult Sci,2020,99(6):3079-3085.
[61]	夏党荣,赵洁.壳聚糖对天山雪鹅屠宰性能及肉品质的影响[J].中国饲料,2010(17):22-24.XIA D R,ZHAO J.Effect of chitosan on slaughter performance and meat quality of Tianshan snow goose[J].China Feed,2010(17):22-24.(in Chinese)
[62]	樊路杰,窦鸣乐,王小宇,等.宰后肌肉抗氧化能力与肉品质的关系[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(5):1676-1680.FAN L J,DOU M L,WANG X Y,et al.Relationship between antioxidant capacity of postmortem muscle and meat quality[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(5):1676-1680.(in Chinese)
[63]	李华,曾勇庆,魏述东,等.猪宰后肌肉SOD与MDA的变化及其对肉质特性的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2010,41(3):257-261.LI H,ZENG Y Q,WEI S D,et al.Changes of superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde level in postmortem muscle and their association with meat quality in pigs[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2010,41(3):257-261.(in Chinese)
[64]	QU D F,HAN J Z.Investigation of the antioxidant activity of chitooligosaccharides on mice with high-fat diet[J].R Bras Zootec,2016,45(11):661-666.
[65]	丁雪梅,迟晓枫,李小聪,等.饲粮中添加壳寡糖对肉鸡抗氧化性能的影响[J].四川农业大学学报,2017,35(4):568-573.DING X M,CHI X F,LI X C,et al.Effects of chitosan oligosaccharides supplementation on serum antioxidation property in broilers[J].Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University,2017,35(4):568-573.(in Chinese)