胆汁酸抑菌机制及结构改性的研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.06.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

胆汁酸作为一种天然的动物内源性物质，其抑菌性能正日益受到关注。目前，对胆汁酸抑菌机制的多样性尚缺乏系统性分析。笔者综述了胆汁酸抑菌作用研究的最新进展，归纳了胆汁酸的直接抑菌机制(表面活性剂机制、破坏细胞膜稳态机制和氧化损伤机制)和间接抑菌机制(激活宿主抗菌物质表达机制、影响细菌功能基因表达机制)，并在此基础上提出了提高胆汁酸抑菌性能的结构改性策略(二/多聚化、引入正电荷基团和次级胆汁酸合成生物学开发)，以期为胆汁酸在畜牧养殖中病原菌防控方面的应用提供理论参考和依据。

关键词: 胆汁酸, 抑菌机制, 结构改性

Abstract:

Bile acids, as a natural substance that inhibits the growth of microorganisms in animals, is gaining increasing attention. Currently, there is still a lack of systematic analysis of the diversity of antibacterial mechanisms of bile acids. In this review, the latest progress in the study of the antibacterial mechanism of bile acids, including the direct antibacterial mechanism (surfactant mechanism, destroying cell membrane homeostasis mechanism and oxidative damage mechanism), and the indirect antibacterial mechanism (activating the expression of host antibacterial substances and affecting the expression of bacterial functional genes). On this basis, the structural modification strategies (dimerization/polymerization, introduction of positively charged groups and synthetic biology of secondary bile acids) to improve the antibacterial activity of bile acids were summarized, with a view to providing theoretical reference and basis for the application of bile acids in bacteriostasis.

Key words: bile acids, antimicrobial mechanism, structural modification

中图分类号:

S859.797

潘华, 孙磊, 张军, 刘莉莉, 马文刚, 曹爱智, 吕明斌. 胆汁酸抑菌机制及结构改性的研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(6): 2546-2554.

PAN Hua, SUN Lei, ZHANG Jun, LIU Lili, MA Wengang, CAO Aizhi, LV Mingbin. Research Progress in Antimicrobial Mechanism and Structural Modification of Bile Acids[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(6): 2546-2554.

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游离型胆汁酸 Free bile acids	C-3	C-7	C-12	C-24	结合型胆汁酸 Conjugated bile acids
胆酸Cholic acid	-OH	-OH	-OH	-牛磺酸/-甘氨酸	牛磺/甘氨胆酸
去氧胆酸Deoxycholic acid	-OH	-H	-OH		牛磺/甘氨去氧胆酸
鹅去氧胆酸Chenodeoxycholic acid	-OH	-OH	-H		牛磺/甘氨鹅去氧胆酸
石胆酸Lithocholic acid	-OH	-H	-H		牛磺/甘氨石胆酸

名称 Name	不同类型胆汁酸的pKa值 pKa value of different types of bile acids
名称 Name	游离型 Free	牛磺酸结合型 Tauro-conjugated type	甘氨酸结合型 Gly-conjugated type
胆酸Cholic acid	4.48	-0.88	3.77
去氧胆酸Deoxycholic acid	4.65	-0.75	3.77
鹅去氧胆酸Chenodeoxycholic acid	4.60	-0.80	3.77
熊去氧胆酸Ursodeoxycholic acid	4.60	-0.99	3.77
石胆酸Lithocholic acid	4.79	-0.63	3.77

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