非洲猪瘟病毒人工感染猪主要脏器的病理学观察

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.05.035

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (5): 2383-2392.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.05.035

非洲猪瘟病毒人工感染猪主要脏器的病理学观察

常玲玲²(), 张永强¹(), 王雅诗², 张冯禧², 张歆悦², 赵晓民², 戈胜强¹, 李金明¹, 王志亮¹^,*()

1. 中国动物卫生与流行病学中心, 青岛, 266032
2. 西北农林科技大学动物医学院, 杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2024-07-10 出版日期:2025-05-01 发布日期:2025-05-27
通讯作者: 王志亮 E-mail:llchang@nwafu.edu.cn;zhangyongqiang@cahec.cn;wangzhiliang@cahec.cn
作者简介:常玲玲(1984-)，女，汉族，山东东营人，副教授，主要从事动物病理学研究，E-mail：llchang@nwafu.edu.cn
张永强(1977-)，男，汉族，山东邹平人，副研究员，主要从事外来动物疫病防控技术研究，E-mail：zhangyongqiang@cahec.cn
第一联系人：
常玲玲和张永强是同等贡献作者
基金资助:
非洲猪瘟亚单位疫苗研发(2021YFD1801300)；动物用相关生物制品联合开发(2021610008000073)；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2452023072)

The Pathological Observation of Major Organs in a Pig Infected by African Swine Fever Virus

CHANG Lingling²(), ZHANG Yongqiang¹(), WANG Yashi², ZHANG Fengxi², ZHANG Xinyue², ZHAO Xiaomin², GE Shengqiang¹, LI Jinming¹, WANG Zhiliang¹^,*()

1. China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China
2. College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China

Received:2024-07-10 Online:2025-05-01 Published:2025-05-27
Contact: WANG Zhiliang E-mail:llchang@nwafu.edu.cn;zhangyongqiang@cahec.cn;wangzhiliang@cahec.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

非洲猪瘟(African swine fever，ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus，ASFV)引起的猪的一种急性、烈性和高度接触性传染病，2018年8月ASFV首次传入我国，给养猪业带来灾难性打击。为明确我国分离获得的ASFV CN2018株的病理损伤特征，本文对一例人工感染猪主要脏器进行病理学观察。试验猪在人工感染ASFV CN2018株后第11天死亡，对尸体进行系统剖检和组织病理学检查。大体剖检可见皮肤、全身淋巴结、肾脏、膀胱、盲肠、胆囊、心脏、大脑等脏器表面或浆膜面分布出血斑点，胸腔和腹腔积血，肺脏淤血、水肿，呈全身出血性败血症病变。镜检病变以弥漫性出血和淤血为主，伴微血栓形成，淋巴结和脾脏中淋巴细胞严重缺失。免疫组化染色结果显示，巨噬细胞、肾小管上皮细胞及肝细胞胞质中呈ASFV抗原阳性。综上，ASFV CN2018株人工感染猪表现广泛性出血性病变，损伤的主要靶器官及抗原分布与之前报道类似。推测ASFV感染引起的广泛性出血主要与单核巨噬细胞系统激活损伤导致的炎症因子风暴及血管内皮细胞损伤有关，为深入研究我国ASFV流行毒株的致病机制提供了理论数据。

关键词: 非洲猪瘟, 人工感染, 猪, 病理学观察

Abstract:

African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, virulent and highly contagious disease of pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). In August 2018, ASFV was introduced into China for the first time, bringing a disastrous blow to the pig industry. In order to clarify the pathological characteristics of ASFV CN2018 strain, a case of pig artificially infected with ASFV CN2018 strain was studied. The experimental pig in this case died on day 11 after being artificially infected with ASFV CN2018 strain. Systematic necropsy and histopathological examination were performed. Necropsy showed systemic hemorrhagic septicemia. There were petechiae and ecchymosis in the skin, lymph nodes, kidneys, bladder, cecum, gallbladder, heart and brain, with hemathorax, hematocelia and pulmonary congestion and edema. Microscopic lesions were characterized by diffuse hemorrhage and congestion with microthrombus, and severe lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes and spleen. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the ASFV antigen was positive in the cytoplasm of macrophages, renal tubular epithelial cells and hepatocytes. In summary, in this case, the pig artificially infected with ASFV CN2018 strain developed extensive hemorrhagic lesions, and the main target organs of the lesions and antigen distribution were similar to those reported previously. It is speculated that the extensive hemorrhage caused by ASFV infection is mainly related to the inflammatory cytokine storm caused by the activation of mononuclear macrophage system and the injury of vascular endothelial cells. Our results provide theoretical data for further study of the pathogenic mechanism of the prevalent ASFV strain in China.

Key words: African swine fever virus, artificially infection, swine, pathological examination

中图分类号:

常玲玲, 张永强, 王雅诗, 张冯禧, 张歆悦, 赵晓民, 戈胜强, 李金明, 王志亮. 非洲猪瘟病毒人工感染猪主要脏器的病理学观察[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(5): 2383-2392.

CHANG Lingling, ZHANG Yongqiang, WANG Yashi, ZHANG Fengxi, ZHANG Xinyue, ZHAO Xiaomin, GE Shengqiang, LI Jinming, WANG Zhiliang. The Pathological Observation of Major Organs in a Pig Infected by African Swine Fever Virus[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(5): 2383-2392.

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参考文献 20

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器官 Organs	大体病变描述 Description of gross changes
皮肤及皮下组织 Skin and subcutaneous tissue	头颈部、躯干及四肢处皮肤散在出血斑；耳朵和四肢发绀；腹部皮下脂肪点状出血
淋巴结Lymph node	全身淋巴结肿大出血，呈暗红色，切面有大量血液溢出，淋巴结周围组织水肿
脾脏Spleen	脾脏暗红色肿大，切面黑红色脾髓溢出
胸腺Thymus	明显萎缩
肾脏Kidney	被膜及皮质斑点状出血，切面可见肾盂处分布大片出血区
输尿管及膀胱Ureteral and bladder	输尿管黏膜斑点状出血，膀胱浆膜面弥漫性出血
心脏Heart	严重心包积液，心包膜点状出血，心内外膜严重片状出血，左心室最严重
肺脏Lung	肺脏充血肿胀，两侧心叶区出血，切面湿润，支气管腔有白色泡沫液，混有棕色黏液
肝脏及胆囊Liver and gallbladder	肝脏颜色变淡，胆囊浆膜面斑点状出血，且胆囊壁水肿增厚，切面呈暗红色
肠道Intestine	空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠浆膜面点状出血，肠系膜明显出血、水肿，肛门处有血污，呈黑色
胰腺Pancreas	胰腺头部片状出血和水肿
脑Brain	硬脑膜点状出血，软脑膜明显充血
唾液腺Salivary gland	水肿
甲状腺Thyroid	被膜面出血斑
喉头Throat	会厌软骨点状出血
胸腔Thoracic cavity	胸腔积血
腹腔Abdominal cavity	腹腔积血
肌肉Muscle	躯干及四肢处肌肉局部出血
其他Other	扁桃体、肾上腺、脊髓、骨髓等未见明显病变

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非洲猪瘟病毒人工感染猪主要脏器的病理学观察

The Pathological Observation of Major Organs in a Pig Infected by African Swine Fever Virus

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