黄芪和发酵黄芪对断奶仔猪生长以及血清中抗氧化、免疫与生化相关指标的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.12.044

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (12): 6431-6441.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.12.044

黄芪和发酵黄芪对断奶仔猪生长以及血清中抗氧化、免疫与生化相关指标的影响

宋妍辰¹^,²(), 蔡龙²^,³, 车育彦¹^,², 刘泽青²^,⁴, 朱龙龙²^,⁵, 陈国顺¹^,*(), 王晶²^,³^,*()

1. 甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院, 兰州 730070
2. 北京市农林科学院畜牧兽医研究所, 北京 100097
3. 北京市农林科学院-美国俄克拉荷马州立大学动物科学联合实验室, 北京 100097
4. 北京农学院动物科学技术学院, 北京 102206
5. 河南科技大学动物科技学院, 洛阳 471023

收稿日期:2024-11-05 出版日期:2025-12-23 发布日期:2025-12-24
通讯作者: 陈国顺,王晶 E-mail:songyanchen1999@163.com;chengs@gsau.edu.cn;wangjing976119@163.com
作者简介:宋妍辰(1999-)，女，河南商丘人，硕士生，主要从事动物营养与饲料科学研究，E-mail: songyanchen1999@163.com
基金资助:
北京市农林科学院创新能力建设专项(KJCX20240339)；“十四五”重点研发计划专项(2022YFD130040311)；甘肃省重点研发计划(23YFNA002)；甘肃省科技专员(23CXGA0051)

Effects of Astragali Radix and Fermented Astragali Radix on Growth Performance, Serum Antioxidant, Immune and Biochemical Indexes of Weaned Piglets

SONG Yanchen¹^,²(), CAI Long²^,³, CHE Yuyan¹^,², LIU Zeqing²^,⁴, ZHU Longlong²^,⁵, CHEN Guoshun¹^,*(), WANG Jing²^,³^,*()

1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2. Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
3. Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences-Oklahoma State University Joint Laboratory of Animal Science, Beijing 100097, China
4. College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
5. College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China

Received:2024-11-05 Online:2025-12-23 Published:2025-12-24
Contact: CHEN Guoshun, WANG Jing E-mail:songyanchen1999@163.com;chengs@gsau.edu.cn;wangjing976119@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究未发酵黄芪和发酵黄芪对断奶仔猪生长、血清生化、抗氧化及免疫指标的影响。选取100头体重相近(8.77±0.68 kg)的28日龄健康“长×大”断奶仔猪，随机分为4个组，每组5个重复，每个重复5头猪。试验仔猪分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)，基础日粮+阿莫西林800 mg·kg^-1(抗生素组)、基础日粮+未发酵黄芪1 g·kg^-1(黄芪组)以及基础日粮+发酵黄芪1 g·kg^-1(发酵黄芪组)，试验期42 d。结果表明：1)发酵黄芪组与对照组相比，显著提高了断奶仔猪平均日增重和末重(P < 0.05，P < 0.01)。相比于黄芪组和抗生素组，发酵黄芪组断奶仔猪末重显著提高(P < 0.05，P < 0.01)。2)与对照组相比，日粮中添加发酵黄芪可以显著提高断奶仔猪干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质和磷的表观消化率(P < 0.01或P < 0.05)，添加黄芪可以显著提高粗蛋白质和磷的表观消化率(P < 0.05，P < 0.01)。3)发酵黄芪组断奶仔猪血清中总蛋白和白蛋白含量显著高于对照组(P < 0.05)，且总蛋白含量显著高于抗生素组和黄芪组(P < 0.05)。4)相比于对照组，日粮中添加发酵黄芪可以显著提高断奶仔猪血清中总抗氧化能力和过氧化氢酶活性(P < 0.05)。5)发酵黄芪组断奶仔猪血清中免疫球蛋白G含量显著高于对照组和抗生素组(P < 0.05)，白介素1β和白介素6含量显著低于对照组(P < 0.05)。综上所述，本试验条件下，日粮中添加发酵黄芪的效果优于未发酵黄芪，添加发酵黄芪能够提高营养物质的表观消化率，改善断奶仔猪血清中抗氧化、免疫与生化相关指标，从而促进断奶仔猪生长性能和健康状况。

关键词: 发酵黄芪, 断奶仔猪, 生长性能, 免疫指标, 抗氧化指标

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of unfermented Astragali Radix (AR) and fermented AR on the growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant capacity, and immune function of weaned piglets. One hundred healthy Landrace×Large crossbred weaned piglets with similar body weight (8.77±0.68 kg) at 28 days of age were assigned randomly into four treatment groups. Each treatment group had five replicate pens per group and five piglets per pen. The dietary treatments included basal diet (Control group), basal diet + amoxicillin 800 mg·kg^-1 (Amoxicillin group), basal diet + unfermented AR 1 g·kg^-1 (AR group), and basal diet + fermented AR 1 g·kg^-1 (Fermented AR Group). The experiment lasted 42 days. Results showed that: 1) Compared with the control group, dietary fermented AR supplementation significantly increased the average daily gain and final weight of weaned piglets (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the AR group and the amoxicillin group, the final weight of weaned piglets in the fermented AR group was significantly increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). 2) Compared with the control group, dietary fermented AR supplementation significantly increased the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and phosphorus in weaned piglets (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and dietary AR supplementation significantly increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein and phosphorus (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). 3) The total protein (TP) and albumin content in the serum of weaned piglets in the fermented AR group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and the TP content was significantly higher than that of the amoxicillin group and the AR group (P < 0.05). 4) Compared with the control group, dietary fermented AR supplementation significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity in the serum of weaned piglets (P < 0.05). 5) The content of immunoglobulin G in the serum of weaned piglets in the fermented AR group was significantly higher than that of the control group and the amoxicillin group (P < 0.05), and the contents of interleukin 1β and interleukin 6 were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, under the condition of the current experiment, the effect of adding fermented AR to the basal diet is better than that of AR. The addition of fermented AR can improve the apparent digestibility of nutrients, improve the antioxidant, immune and biochemical indicators in the serum of weaned piglets, thereby promoting the growth performance and health status.

Key words: fermented Astragali Radix, weaned piglets, growth performance, immune index, antioxidant index

中图分类号:

S828.5

宋妍辰, 蔡龙, 车育彦, 刘泽青, 朱龙龙, 陈国顺, 王晶. 黄芪和发酵黄芪对断奶仔猪生长以及血清中抗氧化、免疫与生化相关指标的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(12): 6431-6441.

SONG Yanchen, CAI Long, CHE Yuyan, LIU Zeqing, ZHU Longlong, CHEN Guoshun, WANG Jing. Effects of Astragali Radix and Fermented Astragali Radix on Growth Performance, Serum Antioxidant, Immune and Biochemical Indexes of Weaned Piglets[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(12): 6431-6441.

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项目Item	第1~14天 Day 1 to 14	第15~42天 Day 15 to 42
原料Ingredient
玉米Corn	43.00	54.00
膨化玉米Extruded corn	10.00	8.00
膨化大豆Extruded soybean	12.00	10.00
大豆粕Soybean meal	12.00	16.50
鱼粉Fish meal	5.00	-
乳清粉Whey powder	5.00	2.20
小麦粉Wheat flour	4.00	5.00
葡萄糖Glucose	3.00	-
大豆油Soybean oil	1.00	-
L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-Lysine HCL	0.52	0.25
DL-蛋氨酸DL-Methionine	0.13	0.02
L-苏氨酸L-Threonine	0.30	0.02
L-色氨酸L-Tryptophan	0.05	0.01
预混合饲料Premix¹⁾	4.00	4.00
合计Total	100	100
营养水平Nutrient level²⁾
消化能/(MJ·kg^-1) Digestible energy (DE)	14.78	14.63
粗蛋白Crude protein	18.61	17.12
钙Calcium	0.82	0.69
总磷Total phosphorus	0.70	0.60
赖氨酸Lysine	1.41	1.10
蛋氨酸Methionine	0.45	0.31
苏氨酸Threonine	0.86	0.55
色氨酸Tryptophan	0.26	0.20

项目Item	对照组 Control group	抗生素组 Amoxicillin group	黄芪组 AR group	发酵黄芪组 Fermented AR group	SEM	P值 P-value
初重/kg Initial body weight	8.77	8.77	8.77	8.75	0.15	1.00
末重/kg Final body weight	32.22^b	33.18^b	33.42^b	35.30^a	0.31	< 0.01
平均日增重/g ADG	558.2^b	581.1^ab	586.9^ab	632.1^a	8.9	0.02
平均日采食量/g ADFI	1021	1054	1043	1097	11	0.11
饲料转化率F/G	1.83	1.81	1.78	1.74	0.01	0.07

项目Item	对照组 Control group	抗生素组 Amoxicillin group	黄芪组 AR group	发酵黄芪组 Fermented AR group	SEM	P值 P-value
干物质Dry matter	79.62^b	79.83^b	81.02^ab	81.88^a	0.35	< 0.01
有机物Organic matter	82.77^b	82.37^b	83.40^ab	84.47^a	0.33	0.01
粗蛋白Crude protein	72.35^c	73.65^bc	75.06^ab	76.45^a	0.56	< 0.01
钙Calcium	53.84	54.25	54.35	55.74	0.91	0.54
磷Phosphorus	44.86^b	46.68^ab	50.15^a	48.97^a	0.86	0.01

项目Items	对照组 Control group	抗生素组 Amoxicillin group	黄芪组 AR group	发酵黄芪组 Fermented AR group	SEM	P值 P-value
总蛋白/(g·L^-1)TP	48.26^b	48.81^b	48.87^b	57.14^a	1.66	0.01
白蛋白/(g·L^-1)ALB	23.33^b	25.14^ab	25.62^ab	29.88^a	1.31	0.02
球蛋白/(g·L^-1)GLB	24.93	23.66	23.25	27.26	1.08	0.08
白蛋白/球蛋白A/G	0.95	1.07	1.10	1.10	0.06	0.31
谷丙转氨酶/(U·L^-1)ALT	54.43	63.27	67.63	63.20	2.96	0.06
谷草转氨酶/(U·L^-1)AST	41.88	44.30	49.49	53.03	4.08	0.45
尿素氮/(mmol·L^-1)BUN	2.36	2.37	2.00	2.44	0.43	0.93
肌酐/(μmol·L^-1)CREA	104.24	109.04	116.98	121.38	5.58	0.20
总胆固醇/(mmol·L^-1)TC	2.52	2.56	2.31	2.73	0.11	0.14
高密度脂蛋白/(mmol·L^-1)HDL-C	0.74	0.72	0.73	0.85	0.04	0.10
低密度脂蛋白/(mmol·L^-1)LDL-C	1.79	1.79	1.63	1.84	0.11	0.59

项目Item	对照组 Control group	抗生素组 Amoxicillin group	黄芪组 AR group	发酵黄芪组 Fermented AR group	SEM	P值 P-value
总抗氧化能力/(mmol·L^-1) T-AOC	0.25^b	0.27^b	0.28^ab	0.36^a	0.02	0.02
总超氧化物歧化酶/(U·mL^-1) T-SOD	71.50	75.60	75.08	75.52	2.67	0.73
过氧化氢酶/(U·mL^-1) CAT	2.78^b	3.20^ab	3.17^ab	4.21^a	0.29	0.02

黄芪和发酵黄芪对断奶仔猪生长以及血清中抗氧化、免疫与生化相关指标的影响

Effects of Astragali Radix and Fermented Astragali Radix on Growth Performance, Serum Antioxidant, Immune and Biochemical Indexes of Weaned Piglets

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项目Item	对照组 Control group	抗生素组 Amoxicillin group	黄芪组 AR group	发酵黄芪组 Fermented AR group	SEM	P值 P-value
免疫球蛋白A/(mg·mL^-1) IgA	1.41	1.52	1.51	1.61	0.05	0.18
免疫球蛋白G/(g·L^-1) IgG	16.18^b	16.16^b	16.84^ab	17.61^a	0.35	0.05
免疫球蛋白M/(mg·mL^-1) IgM	1.92^b	2.10^ab	2.13^ab	2.28^a	0.05	< 0.01
白介素-1β/(pg·mL^-1) IL-1β	521^a	496^ab	499^ab	466^b	11	0.03
白介素-6/(pg·mL^-1) IL-6	672^a	618^ab	652^ab	578^b	22	0.05
肿瘤坏死因子-α/(pg·mL^-1) TNF-α	258.92	261.36	282.18	270.29	7.06	0.15
白介素-10/(pg·mL^-1) IL-10	101.86	104.03	101.78	104.13	3.72	0.95