沙门菌耐药基因水平转移机制及影响因素

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

沙门菌（Salmonella）是全球范围内常见的食源性病原体，随着抗生素的推广和使用，越来越多的沙门菌通过垂直传递以及基因水平转移（horizontal gene transfer， HGT）获得抗生素耐药基因（antibiotic resistance genes， ARGs），导致抗生素耐药性的广泛传播。ARG发生水平转移过程中，主要由相关移动遗传元件（mobile genetic element， MGE）所携带。MGE是HGT的重要介质，可促进ARG的传播。其中，MGE主要包括质粒、整合子、接合元件、转座子、插入序列和噬菌体等。不同MGE相关的转移机制、附属基因组成、ARG的复制扩散与动物来源以及环境因素之间存在显著差异。本综述旨在概述沙门菌中ARG的HGT机制、不同MGE介导的HGT机制和HGT发生与发展的影响因素，对深入探究沙门菌耐药基因通过HGT传播的机制具有重要的指导意义。

关键词: 沙门菌, 水平基因转移, 抗生素耐药基因, 移动遗传元件

Abstract:

Salmonella is a common foodborne pathogen worldwide. With the promotion and use of antibiotics， more and more Salmonella produce or acquire antibiotic resistance genes （ARG） through vertical transmission and horizontal gene transfer （HGT）， causing widespread dissemination of antibiotic resistance. In the process of horizontal gene transfer， ARGs are mainly carried by mobile genetic elements （MGEs）， which are important mediators of HGT and can facilitate the spread of ARGs. Among them， MGEs mainly include plasmids， integrons and conjugative elements， transposons， insertion sequences， and phages， etc. MGE-associated transfer mechanisms， accessory gene compositions， and relationships between ARG dissemination and animal sources and geographic environments vary. The aim of this review is to outline the HGT mechanism of ARG in Salmonella， the different MGE-mediated HGT mechanisms and the influencing factors of HGT occurrence and development， which is of great significance for the in-depth investigation of the HGT mechanism of drug resistance in Salmonella.

Key words: Salmonella, horizontal gene transfer, antibiotic resistance gene, mobile genetic element

中图分类号:

S852.612

孙泽远, 向令娴, 李琳, 左儒楠. 沙门菌耐药基因水平转移机制及影响因素[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026, 57(1): 108-119.

SUN Zeyuan, XIANG Lingxian, LI Lin, ZUO Runan. Mechanisms and Influencing Factors of Horizontal Transfer of Drug-resistant Genes in Salmonella[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026, 57(1): 108-119.

图/表 2

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质粒 Plasmid	耐药性基因 ARGs	来源 Source	引用 Cite
IncA/C	strAB、sul2、tetAR、blaCMY-2、floR	动物（牛）	［20］
IncF	blaTEM-1、cmlA、aadA1、aadA2、sul3	人/动物（禽类）	［21］
IncF	strAB、tetA、tetC、tetD、aphA	人/动物（猪）	［22］
IncHI	tetB、tetAR、cat、sul2、blaTEM-1	人/动物（牛）	［23］
IncI	mcr-1（与多种质粒相关）	人	［24］
IncI	aadA、aac（3'）-IId、sul1、blaTEM-1、tetA	动物（火鸡）	［25］
IncN/IncX	qnr	人	［23］

耐药性基因/基因阵列 ARGs/ARG cassette	地区 Region	来源 Source	引用 Cite
aadA1	泰国	动物	［44］
aadA4a		动物（猪、禽类）
aadA5-orfD-dfrA17dfrA1-orfC		动物（猪、禽类）
blaPSE-1	马来西亚	人/动物（猪、禽类）
aadA2		人/动物
dfrA7		人/动物
dfrA12-orf-aadA2		人/动物
blaOXA-30-aadA1dfrA17-orf-aadA2dfrA17-aadA5	越南	人/动物