生长期三花鹅和皖西白鹅绒毛和皮肤毛囊结构特征及羽囊发育基因比较

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.12.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在探究生长期三花鹅和皖西白鹅绒羽生长发育情况、羽囊特性以及调控羽囊发育相关基因的表达。本研究以皖西白鹅和三花鹅为研究对象，分析鹅90日龄朵绒长、千朵绒重、绒朵直径的变化；对鹅皮肤进行苏木精-伊红染色(HE染色)和三色染色(Masson染色)并观察各个阶段羽囊生长变化；采用荧光定量PCR法研究不同生长期白鹅皮肤组织中Wnt5a、IGF-1、BMP2和FGF5基因的表达情况。结果表明：1)观察不同部位绒羽形态发现皖西白鹅比三花鹅的绒羽更加蓬松，绒羽更大。2)观察绒羽的显微结构发现，60日龄三花鹅绒羽的绒小枝节点呈叉状节点，90日龄时绒小枝节点呈现三角形节点。60日龄皖西白鹅绒羽的绒小枝节点呈现三角形和叉状节点两种，90日龄时绒小枝节点呈现出三角形节点并在末端出现叉状节点。3)通过测量发现90日龄三花鹅和皖西白鹅不同部位的绒羽性状指标均显著优于60日龄同品种同部位。4)测定不同羽囊直径发现90日龄三花鹅和皖西白鹅不同部位的次级羽囊显著高于60日龄同品种同部位。5)荧光定量PCR结果显示，60日龄时皖西白鹅皮肤中Wnt5a基因表达量最高，但其在90日龄三花鹅和90日龄皖西白鹅皮肤中的表达量无显著差异(P>0.05)。60日龄皖西白鹅皮肤中BMP2、IGF-1基因表达量极显著高于60日龄三花鹅和90日龄皖西白鹅(P<0.01)；其中90日龄时三花鹅皮肤中BMP2、IGF-1基因表达量最低。FGF5基因在不同日龄三花鹅和皖西白鹅皮肤中的表达量无显著差异(P>0.05)。从绒羽测定指标发现，日龄越大绒羽质量越好，无论是三花鹅还是皖西白鹅背部绒朵质量最好。从基因水平可见，60、90日龄皖西白鹅背部皮肤中Wnt5a、BMP2、IGF-1基因表达量均显著高于三花鹅。另外，鹅绒羽质量与羽囊发育密切相关，而羽囊发育受多种基因的调控。

关键词: 皖西白鹅, 三花鹅, 绒, 羽囊, 基因

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth and development of down feather, feather follicle characteristics and the expression of genes related to feather sac development in growing Sanhua geese and Wanxi White geese. Taking Wanxi White geese and Sanhua Geese as the research objects, the changes of velvet length, thousand velvet weight and velvet diameter of geese at 90 days of age were analyzed. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE staining) and trichrome staining (Masson staining) were performed on geese skin and the growth changes of feather follicles at each stage were observed. The expression of Wnt5a, IGF-1, BMP2, and FGF5 genes in white geese skin tissues at different growth stages was studied by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results showed that: 1) By observing the morphology of down feathers in different parts, it was found that the down feathers of Wanxi White geese were more fluffy and larger than those of Sanhua geese. 2) Observing the microstructure of down feathers, it was found that the nodes of down twigs of Sanhua geese down feathers at 60 days of age were forked nodes, and the nodes of down twigs at 90 days of age were triangular nodes. At 60 days of age, the down twig nodes of Wanxi White geese down feather showed two kinds of triangle and fork nodes; at 90 days of age, the down twig nodes showed triangle nodes and fork nodes at the end. 3) It was found that the down feather traits of different parts of 90-day-old Sanhua geese and Wanxi White geese were significantly better than those of 60-day-old Sanhua geese and Wanxi White geese. 4) By measuring the diameter of different feather follicle, it was found that the secondary feather follicle in different parts of Sanhua geese and Wanxi White geese at 90 days of age were significantly higher than those in the same part of the same breed at 60 days of age.5) The results of fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the expression of Wnt5a gene was the highest in the skin of Wanxi White geese at 60 days of age, but there was no significant difference in the expression of Wnt5a gene in the skin of 90 day-old Sanhua geese and Wanxi White geese at 90 days of age (P>0.05). The expression levels of BMP2 and IGF-1 genes in the skin of 60-day-old Wanxi White geese were significantly higher than those of 60-day-old Sanhua geese and 90-day-old Wanxi White geese (P<0.01). Among them, the expression levels of BMP2 and IGF-1 genes in the skin of Sanhua geese were the lowest at 90 days of age. There was no significant difference in the expression level of the FGF5 gene in the skin of Sanhua geese and Wanxi White geese at different ages (P>0.05). From the measurement indicators of down feathers, it is found that the older the age, the better the quality of the down feathers. Whether it is the Sanhua geese or the Wanxi White geese, the quality of the down floss on the back is the best. It can be seen from the genetic level that the expression levels of Wnt5a, BMP2 and IGF-1 genes in the dorsal skin of 60- and 90-day-old Wanxi White geese were significantly higher than those of Sanhua geese. In addition, the quality of geese down feathers is closely related to the development of feather follicle, and the development of feather follicle is regulated by multiple genes.

Key words: Wanxi White geese, Sanhua geese, velvet, feather follicle, gene

中图分类号:

S835.2

王玉梅, 丁元翠, 曹姝毅, 余琦, 江昌盛, 周金星, 任曼, 李升和. 生长期三花鹅和皖西白鹅绒毛和皮肤毛囊结构特征及羽囊发育基因比较[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(12): 6145-6158.

WANG Yumei, DING Yuancui, CAO Shuyi, YU Qi, JIANG Changsheng, ZHOU Jinxing, REN Man, LI Shenghe. Comparative Analysis of Structural Characteristics of Downy Feathers, Cutaneous Follicles and Feather Follicle Development Genes between Sanhua Geese and Wanxi White Geese During the Growth Period[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(12): 6145-6158.

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