哺乳期滩羔羊添加维生素A对生长性能及肉品质的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.10.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探究在滩羔羊哺乳期添加维生素A对生长性能、脂肪沉积、肌肉抗氧化能力及肉品质的影响。试验选取健康新生滩羔羊45只，体重(4.38±0.23)kg，随机分成3组，每组3个重复，每个重复5只羔羊。对照组(CON组)正常哺乳；试验组包括低剂量组和高剂量组，在正常哺乳同时，低剂量组(L组)在1日龄及1月龄灌服维生素A 30 000 IU，高剂量组(H组)在1日龄及1月龄灌服维生素A 60 000 IU。所有羔羊在第70天断奶，随后饲喂基础饲粮育肥120 d。结果显示，与CON组相比，1)L组和H组滩羊育肥期第1、30和60天体重显著提高(P＜0.05)，平均日增重无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)L组滩羊背最长肌过氧化氢酶含量显著提高(P＜0.05)。L组和H组背最长肌大理石纹评分、a_{45 min}^*和pH_{24 h}显著提高(P＜0.05)，肌内脂肪含量有提高趋势(0.05＜P＜0.10)，肌肉剪切力显著降低(P＜0.05)。3)L组和H组滩羊肌内脂肪沉积相关基因ZFP423、WNT10B、FABP4、ACACA表达量显著提高(P＜0.05)。综上，哺乳期滩羔羊添加适量维生素A可提高其育肥期的生长性能，增加肌内脂肪含量，提高背最长肌的抗氧化能力，改善肉品质。

关键词: 哺乳期, 肌内脂肪沉积, 维生素A, 育肥期, 滩羊

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin A supplementation during lactation in Tan lambs on production performance, fat deposition, muscle antioxidant capacity and meat quality. Forty-five healthy Tan lambs with body weight (4.38±0.23) kg were randomly divided into three groups of three replicates of five lambs each. The control group (CON group) was given normal milk intake, and the experimental groups were received 30 000 IU vitamin A (L group) and 60 000 IU vitamin A (H group) on the 1st day and the 1st month of age. All sheep were weaned on 70th day. After that, all animals were fed a basal diet for a fatten period of 120 days. The results indicated that: Compared with the control group, 1) the body weight of Tan lambs in groups L and H on the 1st day, 30th day and 60th day during the fattening period were significantly increased (P < 0.05), average daily gain was not significantly different (P>0.05). 2) Muscle catalase content of Tan lambs in L group was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Marbling score, meat color a_{45 min}^* and the pH at 24 h after slaughter were significantly increased (P < 0.05), intramuscular fat content tended to increase (0.05 < P < 0.1), and the muscle shear force was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). 3) The expressions of genes related to adipose deposition such as ZFP423, WNT10B, FABP4 and ACACA in the muscle of Tan lambs in groups L and H were significantly unregulated (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing moderate amounts of vitamin A to lactating Tan lambs affects production performance during the fattening period, enhances content of intramuscular fat, improves the antioxidant capacity of the longest dorsal muscle, as well as enhances meat quality.

Key words: lactation period, intramuscular fat deposition, vitamin A, fattening period, Tan sheep

中图分类号:

S826.5

郑梦馨, 陈晓东, 张腱皓, 张桂杰. 哺乳期滩羔羊添加维生素A对生长性能及肉品质的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(10): 5039-5049.

ZHENG Mengxin, CHEN Xiaodong, ZHANG Jianhao, ZHANG Guijie. Effects of Vitamin A Supplementation in Lactating Tan Lambs on Growth Performance and Meat Quality[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(10): 5039-5049.

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项目Item	含量Content
项目Item	哺乳期母羊 Lactating ewe	育肥羊 Fattening Tan sheep
原料Ingredient
玉米Corn	24.50	34.00
玉米皮Corn bran	15.30
玉米秸秆Corn stalk	20.00	20.00
玉米胚芽粕Corn germ meal	20.00	0.00
稻草Straw	0.00	5.00
小麦麸Wheat bran	0.00	10.00
糖蜜Molasses	4.00	0.00
豆粕Soybean meal	6.20	0.00
棉粕Cottonseed meal	6.00	11.00
胡麻饼Seasame cake	0.00	17.00
食盐NaCl	1.00	0.50
碳酸氢钠NaHCO₃	1.00	0.50
预混料Premix¹⁾	2.00	2.00
合计Total	100.00	100.00
营养水平Nutrient level²⁾
有机物OM	90.17	91.79
干物质DM	88.65	89.74
粗蛋白质CP	15.45	16.48
粗灰分Ash	6.69	10.23
粗脂肪EE	5.18	2.65
粗纤维CF	16.76	12.41
中性洗涤纤维NDF	45.63	32.15
酸性洗涤纤维ADF	25.39	17.45
总能/(MJ·kg^-1) GE	15.18	15.51
代谢能/(MJ·kg^-1) ME	9.96	10.17
钙Ca	0.71	0.57
磷P	0.41	0.32

基因 Gene	引物序列(5′→3′) Primer sequence (5′→3′)	退火温度/℃ Tm	产物大小/bp Product length
锌指蛋白423 ZNF423	F: GAGAAACCCGCTTTTGGAA R: ACATCACGATGCACAATTACCT	60	184
甘油醛3磷酸脱氢酶 GAPDH	F: CTTCTGCTGACGCTCCCA R: AAGTCCCTCCACGATGCC	60	152
过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ PPARγ	F: CGCATCTTCCAGGGGTGT R: CAGCATCGTGTAAATGATCTCG	60	153
WNT10B基因 WNT10B	F: GTGGGGCGTCAGGTGGTA R: TTGCGGTTGTGAGCATCAA	60	173
脂肪酸结合蛋白 FABP4	F: GGAAAGTGGCTGGCATGG R: CTGGCCCAATTTGAAGGAC	60	116
硬脂酰辅酶A脱氢酶 SCD	F: CCGACCTAAGAGCTGAGAAGC R: CCATAGATACCACGGCACGA	60	107
乙酰辅酶A羧化酶 ACACA	F: CCACCACCGAACTGCGACT R: TGTGACACGGACTGTGCTGAC	60	143

项目 Item	组别group			SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	CON组 CON group	L组 L group	H组 H group	SEM	P值 P-value
育肥期第1天体重/kg BW at day 1	13.02^b	14.15^a	14.00^a	0.32	0.01
育肥期第30天体重/kg BW at day 30	18.92^b	20.44^a	20.30^a	0.26	0.03
1~30 d平均日增重/g ADG of 1-30 d	196.57	214.48	204.68	3.91	0.18
育肥期第60天体重/kg BW at day 60	24.74^b	26.35^a	26.49^a	0.32	0.04
31~60 d平均日增重/g ADG of day 31-60 d	193.77	196.92	206.52	4.03	0.41
育肥期第90天体重/kg BW at day 90	31.71	33.23	33.60	0.39	0.11
61~90 d平均日增重/g ADG of day 61-90 d	232.27	229.51	236.80	5.37	0.86
育肥期第120天体重/kg BW at day 120	38.37	40.01	39.73	0.41	0.22
91~120 d平均日增重/g ADG of 91-120 d	221.96	226.02	204.40	13.30	0.79
总平均日增重/g TADG	211.20	216.73	213.10	2.71	0.71
平均日采食量/g ADFI	1290.00	1339.39	1321.08	15.41	0.18
料重比F/G	6.11	6.18	6.20	0.06	0.80

项目 Items	组别group			SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Items	CON组 CON group	L组 L group	H组 H group	SEM	P值 P-value
皮下脂肪/胴体重/% S/C	12.72	12.14	12.34	0.18	0.21
尾脂/胴体重/% T/C	8.92	8.54	8.71	0.12	0.19
大网膜脂/胴体重/% A/C	1.76	1.60	1.69	0.08	0.43
肾周脂/胴体重/% K/C	1.13	0.99	1.06	0.09	0.34
GR值/mm GR value	15.8^b	17.22^a	16.95^a	0.26	0.02

项目 Item	组别Group			SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	CON组 CON group	L组 L group	H组 H group	SEM	P值 P-value
总抗氧化能力T-AOC	0.40	0.46	0.43	0.13	0.18
过氧化氢酶CAT	4.98^b	6.73^a	5.93^ab	0.40	0.03
总超氧化物歧化酶T-SOD	51.04	59.67	56.52	4.99	0.82
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px	61.17	65.87	64.96	3.53	0.88