发酵玉米秸秆的生长育肥猪有效能和氨基酸标准回肠消化率评定

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.10.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在分析发酵玉米秸秆的营养成分组成并测定其在生长育肥猪上的有效能值及氨基酸标准回肠消化率，评价发酵玉米秸秆在猪上应用的可行性。试验1采用套算法测定发酵玉米秸秆的育肥猪消化能和代谢能。选用12头初始体重为(65±3.08)kg的健康“杜×长×大(DLY)”三元杂交去势公猪，采用2×2交叉设计，随机分为两组，每组6个重复，每个重复1头猪。试验日粮包括玉米-豆粕型基础日粮和发酵玉米秸秆日粮。试验2采用无氮日粮法测定发酵玉米秸秆的生长猪表观和标准回肠氨基酸消化率。选用6头安装T型瘘管、初始体重为(42.7±3.3)kg的健康DLY三元杂交去势公猪，采用2×2交叉设计，随机分为两组，每组3个重复，每个重复1头猪。结果表明，发酵玉米秸秆的育肥猪消化能值和代谢能值分别为5.85和5.61 MJ·kg^-1，发酵玉米秸秆的必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸标准回肠消化率分别为73.82%和65.09%，总氨基酸和粗蛋白质的标准回肠氨基酸消化率为70.33%和61.60%。结果提示，该发酵玉米秸秆作为非常规饲料原料，其氨基酸标准回肠消化率与《中国饲料成分及营养价值表(第35版)》中小麦麸、玉米DDGS等常规饲料原料接近，且价格低廉，具有较高的饲用价值，可为解决我国饲料原料短缺问题提供技术支撑。

关键词: 发酵玉米秸秆, 生长育肥猪, 有效能, 氨基酸标准回肠消化率

Abstract:

The objective of this paper is to analyze the nutritional composition of fermented corn straw, determine its effective energy and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids for growing-finishing pigs, and evaluate the feasibility of using fermented corn straw as an unconventional feedstuff in pig feeding. In Experiment 1, the substitution method was used to determine the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) of fermented corn straw for fattening pigs. Twelve healthy crossbred barrows [Duroc×(Landrace×Large White)] (DLY) with an initial body weight of (65±3.08) kg were selected and randomly divided into two treatments using a 2×2 crossover design, with six replicates per treatment and one pig per replicate. The experimental diets included a corn-soybean meal-based diet and a fermented corn straw diet. In Experiment 2, a nitrogen-free diet method was employed to determine the apparent and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of fermented corn straw for growing pigs. Six healthy DLY crossbred barrows with a T-cannula at the diatal ileum and an initial body weight of (42.7±3.3) kg were selected and randomly divided into two treatments using a 2×2 crossover design, with three replicates per treatment and one pig per replicate. The results showed that the DE and ME values of fermented corn straw for finishing pigs were 5.85 and 5.61 MJ·kg^-1, respectively. The SID of essential amino acids in fermented corn straw was 73.82%, the SID of non-essential amino acids was 65.09%, and the SID of total amino acids and crude protein was 70.33% and 61.60%, respectively. In conclusion, the results suggest that as a non-conventional feed ingredient, the fermented corn straw has a SID of amino acids similar to conventional feed ingredients such as wheat bran and corn DDGS in the Tables of Feed Composition and Nutritive Values in China (35^th Edition). Furthermore, its low cost and high feed value, which could provide theoretical support and technical assistance for addressing the shortage of feed ingredients in China.

Key words: fermented corn straw, growing and fattening pigs, effective energy, SID of amino acids

中图分类号:

S816.6

姚炳乾, 高晶, 邓爱华, 于海涛, 谯仕彦. 发酵玉米秸秆的生长育肥猪有效能和氨基酸标准回肠消化率评定[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(10): 5030-5038.

YAO Bingqian, GAO Jing, DENG Aihua, YU Haitao, QIAO Shiyan. Determination of Effective Energy and Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acid in Fermented Corn Straw for Growing-Fattening Pigs[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(10): 5030-5038.

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项目Item	含量Content
营养水平Nutrient levels
干物质Dry matter	90.23
有机物Organic matter	78.87
粗蛋白质Crude protein	19.75
粗脂肪Ether extract	5.61
粗纤维Crude fiber	16.29
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber	38.11
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber	23.81
总能/(MJ·kg^-1)Gross energy	12.96
必需氨基酸Essential amino acids
精氨酸Arginine	0.74
组氨酸Histidine	0.32
异亮氨酸Isoleucine	0.45
亮氨酸Leucine	1.14
赖氨酸Lysine	0.59
蛋氨酸Methionine	0.15
苯丙氨酸Phenylalanine	0.44
苏氨酸Threonine	0.52
色氨酸Tryptophan	0.07
缬氨酸Valine	0.73
非必需氨基酸Non-essential amino acids
丙氨酸Alanine	1.24
天冬氨酸Aspartic acid	1.04
胱氨酸Cystine	0.20
谷氨酸Glutamine	2.00
甘氨酸Glycine	0.68
脯氨酸Proline	1.25
丝氨酸Serine	0.61
酪氨酸Tyrosine	0.38

项目Item	基础日粮Basal diet	20%发酵玉米秸秆20% Fermented corn straw
原料Ingredient
玉米Corn	77.11	61.69
豆粕Soybean meal	14.20	11.36
小麦麸Wheat bran	4.00	3.20
发酵玉米秸秆Fermented corn straw		19.26
大豆油Soybean oil	1.00	0.80
磷酸氢钙CaHPO₄	0.74	0.74
石粉Limestone	0.70	0.70
食盐NaCl	0.30	0.30
预混料Premix¹⁾	1.00	1.00
L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-Lys·HCl	0.50	0.50
DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met	0.10	0.10
L-苏氨酸L-Thr	0.20	0.20
L-色氨酸L-Trp	0.05	0.05
L-缬氨酸L-Val	0.10	0.10
合计	100.00	100.00
营养水平Nutrient levels²⁾
干物质Dry matter	87.27	88.69
有机物Organic matter	96.33	93.02
粗蛋白质Crude protein	14.34	16.14
粗脂肪Ether extract	3.49	3.65
粗纤维Crude fiber	2.94	5.32
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber	13.05	18.20
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber	4.07	8.35
总能/(MJ·kg^-1) Gross energy	16.13	15.72

原料Ingredient	无氮日粮N-free diet	30%发酵玉米秸秆30% Fermented corn straw
玉米淀粉Corn starch	68.90	43.80
发酵玉米秸秆Fermented corn straw	0.00	30.00
蔗糖Sucrose	20.00	20.00
大豆油Soybean oil	3.00	3.00
醋酸纤维素Cellulose acetate	4.00	0.00
磷酸氢钙CaHPO₄	1.60	1.60
碳酸钾K₂CO₃	0.30	0.00
氧化镁MgO	0.10	0.00
石粉Limestone	1.00	0.50
食盐NaCl	0.30	0.30
三氧化二铬Cr₂O₃	0.30	0.30
预混料Premix¹⁾	0.50	0.50

项目Item	日粮处理Dietary treatments		P值 Pvalue
项目Item	基础日粮Basal diet	20%发酵玉米秸秆 20% Fermented corn straw	P值 Pvalue
干物质Dry matter	88.11±0.44	77.23±0.53	＜0.000 1
有机物Organic matter	89.34±0.23	81.23±0.43	＜0.000 1
粗蛋白质Crude protein	84.90±0.55	78.50±0.52	＜0.000 1
粗脂肪Ether extract	60.02±1.07	67.22±1.05	0.000 2
粗纤维Crude fiber	39.32±3.29	6.35±1.68	＜0.000 1
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber	63.24±0.86	39.71±1.89	＜0.000 1
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber	59.86±1.04	31.30±1.61	＜0.000 1
总能/(MJ·kg^-1) Gross energy	86.42±0.29	78.37±0.46	＜0.000 1

项目 Item	表观回肠消化率 Apparent ileal digestibility	标准回肠消化率 Standardized ileal digestibility
粗蛋白质Crude protein	39.24	61.60
必需氨基酸Essential amino acids
精氨酸Arginine	63.80	84.11
组氨酸Histidine	53.05	70.61
异亮氨酸Isoleucine	52.30	71.73
亮氨酸Leucine	66.41	80.14
赖氨酸Lysine	45.34	64.56
蛋氨酸Methionine	61.75	74.18
苯丙氨酸Phenylalanine	67.18	82.62
苏氨酸Threonine	28.44	60.35
缬氨酸Valine	60.78	76.11
平均值Average value	55.45	73.82
非必需氨基酸Non-essential amino acids
丙氨酸Alanine	55.42	73.38
天冬氨酸Aspartic acid	43.97	63.42
胱氨酸Cystine	18.55	49.88
谷氨酸Glutamine	60.79	73.13
丝氨酸Serine	42.28	67.08
酪氨酸Tyrosine	37.96	63.66
平均值Average value	43.16	65.09
总氨基酸平均值The average value of total amino acids	50.54	70.33