干燥方式对仿生法测定猪饲料氨基酸消化率的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.08.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本试验旨在研究6种干燥方式对仿生消化法测定猪饲料氨基酸消化率及其可加性的影响，从而为饲料氨基酸效价快速评定方法的建立提供参考。试验采取随机区组设计，选用5种试验饲粮(4种猪常用的饲料原料：玉米、小麦、豆粕、小麦麸，以及以上述4种原料配制的全价饲粮)，经过体外模拟消化后的残渣采用6种干燥方式进行后处理：处理1：55 ℃风干+同步测水分；处理2：55 ℃风干+105 ℃绝干；处理3：65 ℃风干+同步测水分；处理4：65 ℃风干+105 ℃绝干；处理5：65 ℃风干(加2 mL 1 mol·L^－1盐酸)+105℃绝干；处理6：冻干。对不同干燥方式处理后的样品进行称重和氨基酸含量测定，计算干物质和氨基酸消化率，同时以无氮饲粮测定的内源损失将其校正到标准氨基酸消化率。每个处理每种饲粮5个重复，每个重复1根消化管。结果表明：1)玉米、小麦和全价饲粮的干物质消化率在6种干燥方式间均无显著差异(P＞0.05)；但是在豆粕上处理6的干物质消化率显著高于处理2、处理4、处理5(P＜0.05)；在小麦麸上处理3、处理5的干物质消化率显著高于其余4个处理组(P＜0.05)；2)在豆粕和全价饲粮上，6种干燥方式间的氨基酸消化率均无显著差异(P＞0.05)；在玉米上，处理3、处理6的氨基酸消化率显著低于处理5(P＜0.05)；在小麦上，处理1和处理3的氨基酸消化率显著高于其他4个处理组(P＜0.05)；在小麦麸上，处理3、处理4和处理5的氨基酸消化率显著高于其他3个处理组(P＜0.05)。进一步，以原料和饲粮为区组的分析结果表明，6种干燥方式间的氨基酸消化率无显著差异(P＞0.05)；3)全价饲粮可消化氨基酸含量的计算值与实测值在处理2与处理6上的相对偏差均小于5%，且与Y=X相比斜率无显著差异(P＞0.05)。综上，在采用仿生消化法评定猪饲料的氨基酸消化率时，55℃风干+105℃绝干的干燥方式处理消化残渣与冻干法相近，且具有较好的可加性。

关键词: 仿生消化, 氨基酸消化率, 干燥方式, 可加性, 生长猪

Abstract:

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of 6 drying methods on the determination of amino acid digestibility (AAD) and its additivity in pig feed by using the bionic digestion method, in order to provide a reference for the establishment of rapid evaluation method for the amino acid efficacy of feeds. Randomized block design was employed in this experiment. Five experimental diets, including 4 commonly used feed ingredients for pigs: corn, wheat, soybean meal, and wheat bran, and a complete diet formulated with the above 4 ingredients, were digested in simulated digestion system (SDS-Ⅲ). The residues from the in vitro digestion were dried by using 6 drying methods: Treatment 1 (Trt1): Air drying at 55 ℃ with concurrent moisture measurement; Treatment 2 (Trt2): Air drying at 55 ℃ followed by oven drying at 105℃; Treatment 3 (Trt3): Air drying at 65 ℃ with concurrent moisture measurement; Treatment 4 (Trt4): Air drying at 65 ℃ followed by oven drying at 105℃; Treatment 5 (Trt5): Air drying at 65 ℃ (add 2 mL 1 mol·L^－1 HCl) followed by oven drying at 105℃; Treatment 6 (Trt6): Freeze drying. Samples dried by different methods were weighed, the amino acid contents were determined, and dry matter digestibility (DMD) and AAD were calculated. The values were corrected to the true digestibility levels using endogenous losses measured with nitrogen-free diet. Each treatment had 5 replicates per diet, with 1 digestion tube per replicate. The results showed that: 1) There were no significant differences in DMD of corn, wheat, and complete diet among the 6 drying methods (P>0.05). However, the DMD of soybean meal in Trt6 was greater compared to Trt2, Trt4, and Trt5 (P < 0.05), the DMD of wheat bran in Trt3, Trt5 were greater than the other 3 treatments (P < 0.05); 2) On soybean meal and complete diet, no significant difference was observed in AAD among the 6 drying methods (P>0.05). On corn, the AAD in Trt3, Trt6 was lower than that in Trt5 (P < 0.05). On wheat, the AAD in Trt1 and Trt3 were greater than other 4 treatments (P < 0.05). On wheat bran, the AAD in Trt3, Trt4 and Trt5 were greater than other 3 treatments (P < 0.05). Additionally, the analysis results taken the test samples as block group showed that, there was no significant difference in AAD among the 6 drying methods (P>0.05). 3) The relative deviations between the calculated and determined values of digestible amino acid content in the complete diet were less than 5% for Trt2 and Trt6, and the slopes were not significantly different from Y=X (P>0.05). In conclusion, when evaluating the AAD of pig feeds using the biomimetic digestion method, the drying method of air drying at 55 ℃ followed by oven drying at 105℃ to treat the digestion residues is similar to freeze drying, and exhibits good additivity.

Key words: biomimetic digestion, amino acid digestibility, drying method, additivity, growing pigs

中图分类号:

S816.15

曹宁, 张虎, 王俊丽, 萨仁娜, 赵峰, 解竞静, 高理想, 赵江涛, 董莹, 王钰明. 干燥方式对仿生法测定猪饲料氨基酸消化率的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(8): 3893-3907.

CAO Ning, ZHANG Hu, WANG Junli, SA Renna, ZHAO Feng, XIE Jingjing, GAO Lixiang, ZHAO Jiangtao, DONG Ying, WANG Yuming. Effect of Drying Method on Determination of Amino Acid Digestibility of Pig Feed by Biomimetic Method[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(8): 3893-3907.

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营养成分 Nutrient composition	饲料原料Feed ingredient
营养成分 Nutrient composition	玉米Corn	小麦Wheat	豆粕Soybean meal	小麦麸Wheat bran
干物质DM	87.87	89.11	88.25	91.18
粗蛋白CP	7.60	12.56	46.42	19.76
粗脂肪EE	3.20	1.74	0.85	4.91
粗纤维CF	1.64	2.35	4.15	8.80
粗灰分Ash	1.38	1.51	6.08	5.53
总能/(MJ·kg^-1) GE	15.94	16.50	17.42	17.82
必需氨基酸Essential amino acids
赖氨酸Lys	0.21	0.35	2.98	0.80
蛋氨酸Met	0.16	0.19	0.66	0.28
苏氨酸Thr	0.26	0.34	1.88	0.61
缬氨酸Val	0.35	0.50	2.37	0.84
异亮氨酸Ile	0.25	0.40	2.30	0.57
亮氨酸Leu	0.88	0.78	3.73	1.10
苯丙氨酸Phe	0.34	0.53	2.51	0.72
组氨酸His	0.21	0.27	1.26	0.50
精氨酸Arg	0.32	0.57	3.55	1.33
非必需氨基酸Nonessential amino acids
脯氨酸Pro	0.57	1.00	2.27	0.91
半胱氨酸Cys	0.16	0.27	0.67	0.37
天冬氨酸Asp	0.49	0.60	5.54	1.31
丝氨酸Ser	0.35	0.55	2.40	0.78
谷氨酸Glu	1.35	3.48	8.89	3.34
甘氨酸Gly	0.28	0.48	2.04	0.99
丙氨酸Ala	0.55	0.42	2.12	0.91
总氨基酸TAA	6.73	10.73	45.17	15.36

项目 Item	饲粮Diet
项目 Item	全价饲粮 Mixed diet	无氮饲粮 Nitrogen-free diet
玉米Corn	49.84
小麦Wheat bran	20.00
豆粕Soybean meal	17.40
小麦麸Wheat bran	10.00
玉米淀粉Corn starch		69.17
蔗糖Sucrose		10.00
葡萄糖Glucose		10.00
大豆油Soybean oil		3.00
磷酸氢钙CaHPO₄	0.85	1.90
石粉Limestone	0.98	0.50
氯化钠NaCl	0.40	0.40
二氧化钛TiO₂	0.40	0.40
预混料Premix¹⁾	0.13	0.13
纤维素Solka Floc		4.00
碳酸钾Potassium carbonate		0.40
氧化镁Magnesium dioxide		0.10
合计Total	100.00	100.00

项目Item	干燥方式Drying method						SEM	P值 P-value
项目Item	处理1 Trt1	处理2 Trt2	处理3 Trt3	处理4 Trt4	处理5 Trt5	处理6 Trt6	SEM	P值 P-value
玉米Corn	73.48	74.20	73.31	73.90	74.17	73.36	0.277	0.074
小麦Wheat	77.95	78.79	77.70	77.38	78.44	78.91	1.604	0.347
豆粕Soybean meal	68.75^ab	68.41^b	68.44^ab	68.07^b	67.63^b	69.83^a	0.307	0.002
小麦麸Wheat bran	48.05^b	46.20^b	50.93^a	48.14^b	50.73^a	47.31^b	0.662	＜0.001
全价饲粮Mixed diet	74.29	75.23	74.50	74.53	74.65	74.99	0.257	0.143

项目Item	处理1 Trt1	处理2 Trt2	处理3 Trt3	处理4 Trt4	处理5 Trt5	处理6 Trt6	SEM	P值 P-value
必需氨基酸Essential amino acid
赖氨酸Lys	83.1	83.0	84.4	85.1	85.7	82.9	1.50	0.682
蛋氨酸Met	85.5	84.0	86.8	86.4	88.6	85.9	1.17	0.190
苏氨酸Thr	80.0	78.0	80.9	80.2	81.2	79.4	1.20	0.489
缬氨酸Val	80.3	78.7	81.5	81.2	82.1	80.5	1.18	0.460
异亮氨酸Ile	84.4	82.6	85.5	84.9	85.7	84.2	1.14	0.448
亮氨酸Leu	87.4	86.0	88.5	87.9	88.5	87.4	0.94	0.435
苯丙氨酸Phe	88.4	87.0	89.3	88.4	89.5	88.0	0.80	0.292
组氨酸His	82.3	81.3	82.8	82.6	82.7	81.9	1.03	0.909
精氨酸Arg	88.9	87.9	89.5	89.2	90.3	88.9	0.73	0.341
非必需氨基酸Nonessential amino acid
脯氨酸Pro	80.9	79.4	81.3	80.5	81.0	79.5	0.90	0.568
半胱氨酸Cys	62.1	61.7	63.9	63.6	62.5	61.9	1.90	0.947
天冬氨酸Asp	80.4	77.4	81.4	80.0	81.0	78.7	1.37	1.410
丝氨酸Ser	83.7	82.5	84.4	84.0	84.1	82.4	0.96	0.586
谷氨酸Glu	87.4	85.9	87.8	87.2	87.7	86.6	0.67	0.409
甘氨酸Gly	74.9	72.5	75.9	74.6	75.2	73.6	1.46	0.645
丙氨酸Ala	82.9	80.8	84.0	83.1	84.5	83.1	1.25	0.393
总氨基酸TAA	83.7	82.1	84.5	84.0	84.6	83.1	1.00	0.506

项目Item	处理1 Trt 1					处理2 Trt 2					处理3 Trt 3
项目Item	玉米 Corn	豆粕 Soybeanmeal	小麦 Wheat	小麦麸 Wheatbran	全价饲粮 Mixed diet	玉米 Corn	豆粕 Soybeanmeal	小麦 Wheat	小麦麸 Wheatbran	全价饲粮 Mixed diet	玉米 Corn	豆粕 Soybeanmeal	小麦 Wheat	小麦麸 Wheatbran	全价饲粮 Mixed diet
必需氨基酸Essential amino acid
赖氨酸Lys	2.07	0.94	0.80	0.89	1.24	3.34	0.80	0.44	1.81	1.21	4.11	1.82	0.38	1.58	1.56
蛋氨酸Met	0.99	0.58	1.01	0.73	1.67	1.64	0.41	0.64	1.65	1.43	1.63	1.32	0.59	0.99	1.72
苏氨酸Thr	1.52	0.91	1.60	0.78	1.86	2.48	1.16	0.98	1.35	1.98	2.29	1.82	0.92	0.99	2.26
缬氨酸Val	1.45	0.77	1.59	0.55	1.94	2.36	0.97	0.99	1.78	1.95	2.25	1.50	0.79	1.62	1.89
异亮氨酸Ile	1.30	0.58	1.48	0.71	1.32	2.00	0.70	0.93	1.73	1.50	1.95	1.23	0.82	1.62	1.77
亮氨酸Leu	0.52	0.44	0.75	0.67	0.93	0.92	0.55	0.52	1.42	1.08	0.95	1.03	0.63	0.77	1.08
苯丙氨酸Phe	0.70	0.52	0.59	0.54	0.94	1.27	0.62	0.41	0.99	1.03	1.16	1.06	1.23	0.64	1.04
组氨酸His	1.51	0.60	1.18	0.50	1.22	1.78	0.53	0.89	0.80	1.25	2.44	1.29	0.57	0.70	1.87
精氨酸Arg	1.02	0.34	0.54	0.45	0.87	1.93	0.59	0.36	0.83	1.03	1.90	1.01	0.36	0.61	0.88
非必需氨基酸Nonessential amino acid
脯氨酸Pro	2.40	1.22	3.43	0.45	1.75	1.58	1.35	1.79	0.88	1.78	1.53	1.74	1.87	1.74	2.55
半胱氨酸Cys	8.05	3.26	12.78	2.86	6.22	3.20	2.38	5.09	2.19	1.91	1.19	3.31	2.47	8.15	4.19
天冬氨酸Asp	2.35	1.53	3.33	0.92	2.03	2.66	2.02	1.41	1.49	1.97	2.00	2.28	1.13	1.84	2.23
丝氨酸Ser	1.51	0.77	1.69	0.72	1.58	1.69	0.93	1.00	0.94	1.49	1.37	1.50	0.78	1.95	1.87
谷氨酸Glu	1.00	0.70	2.82	0.34	1.29	1.18	0.84	1.08	0.62	1.10	0.96	1.10	0.81	1.01	1.59
甘氨酸Gly	4.37	1.69	3.00	0.76	2.78	3.50	1.94	1.52	1.21	2.86	2.55	2.29	1.41	1.86	3.32
丙氨酸Ala	1.14	0.97	1.59	0.83	2.00	1.88	1.67	1.31	1.47	2.44	1.55	1.96	1.15	0.98	2.06
总氨基酸TAA	1.18	0.77	2.04	0.60	1.44	1.65	0.92	1.01	1.10	1.46	1.44	1.38	0.87	0.95	1.73