短链脂肪酸检测方法研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.08.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

短链脂肪酸(short chain fatty acids，SCFAs)指的是碳链上碳原子数小于6的一类饱和脂肪酸，也称为挥发性脂肪酸。SCFAs不仅可调节脂质代谢、降低肥胖风险，还与乳及乳制品理化性质和营养功能密切相关。本文全面综述了SCFAs分析的前处理技术、仪器检测技术以及常规定量方法，为建立SCFAs的检测方法提供理论参考。

关键词: 短链脂肪酸, 前处理, 检测方法, 定量方法

Abstract:

Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) refer to a class of saturated fatty acids with less than 6 carbon atoms on the carbon chain, also known as volatile fatty acids. SCFAs not only regulate lipid metabolism and reduce the risk of obesity, but also closely related to the physicochemical properties and nutritional functions of milk and dairy products. In this paper, the pretreatment technology, instrumental detection technology and conventional quantitative methods for the analysis of SCFAs are comprehensively reviewed, so as to provide a theoretical reference for the establishment of detection methods for SCFAs.

Key words: short-chain fatty acids, pre-treatment, detection methods, quantitative methods

中图分类号:

陆松翠, 郑楠, 王加启, 张养东. 短链脂肪酸检测方法研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(8): 3640-3649.

LU Songcui, ZHENG Nan, WANG Jiaqi, ZHANG Yangdong. Research Progress on Short Chain Fatty Acids Detection Methods[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(8): 3640-3649.

图/表 3

图 1

表 1

短链脂肪酸的衍生化试剂及反应条件"

样品 Sample	衍生试剂 Derivatization reagents	反应条件 Reaction conditions	检测数量 Number of detections	类型 Types	检测仪器 Detection instruments	定量限 Limits of quantification	文献 References
牛奶 Milk	氢氧化钠甲醇溶液、乙酰氯甲醇 Sodium hydroxide methanol, Acetyl chloride methanol	50 ℃/30 min皂化 90 ℃/150 min酯化 50℃/30min Saponification 90℃/150min Esterify	C4:0、C5:0、C6:0	总SCFAs	GC-MS	21.7~193.2 μg·L^-1	[40]
血清/脑脊液 Blood serum/cerebrospinal fluid	三甲基硅烷基(TMS) Trimethylsilyl	90 ℃/30 min衍生化 90℃/30min derivatization	C3:0、C4:0、isoC4:0 C5:0、isoC5:0、C6:0	总SCFAs	GC-MS	0.06~0.9 μmol·L^-1	[30]
粪便 Feces	氯甲酸苄酯 Benzyl chloroformate	离心、涡旋 Centrifugal, vortex	C2:0、C3:0、C4:0、C5:0、C6:0、isoC4:0、iso C5:0、anteisoC5:0、isoC6:0、anteisoC6:0	总SCFAs	GC-MS	0.1~5 pg	[41]
粪便 Feces	五氟溴苄 Pentafluorobenzyl bromide	60 ℃/90 min衍生化 60℃/90min derivatization	C2:0、C3:0、C4:0、isoC4:0、C5:0、isoC5:0、C6:0、isoC6:0	总SCFAs	GC-MS	0.244~0.977 μmol·L^-1	[42]
粪便 Feces	3-硝基苯肼 3-nitrophenylhydrazine	40 ℃/45 min衍生化 40℃/45min derivatization	C2:0、C3:0、C4:0、isoC4:0、C5:0、isoC5:0、C6:0、isoC6:0	总SCFAs	HPLC-UV	< 0.04 mmol·L^-1	[34]
粪便 Feces	氯甲酸丙酯 Propyl chloroformate	超声、涡旋 Ultrasonic, vortex	C2:0、C3:0、C4:0、isoC4:0、C5:0、isoC5:0、C6:0	游离 SCFAs	GC-MS	0.444~1.400 μmol·kg^-1	[44]
粪便 Feces	氯甲酸异丁酯 Isobutyl chloroformate	涡旋 vortex	C2:0、C3:0、C4:0、isoC4:0、C5:0	总SCFAs	GC-MS	/	[45]
牛奶 Milk	氯甲酸乙酯 Ethyl chloroformate	涡旋 vortex	C4:0、C6:0	游离 SCFAs	GC-MS	0.02μg·mL^-1	[46]
尿液/血浆 Urine /plasma	4-乙酰氨基-7-巯基-2, 1, 3-苯并噁二唑 4-acetamido-7-mercapto-2, 1, 3-benzoxadiazole	室温/5 min衍生化 Room temperature/5min derivatization	C2:0、C3:0、C4:0、C5:0、C6:0、isoC4:0、isoC5:0、anteisoC5:0、isoC6:0、anteisoC6:0	总SCFAs	LC-MS	< 25.20 ng·mL^-1	[47]

表 1

表 2

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方法 Methods	优点 Advantages	缺点 Disadvantages	文献 References
面积归一化法 Area normalization method	重复性较好，方法简便准确，进样浓度和进样量的变化对结果的影响小 The reproducibility is good, the method is simple and accurate, and the change of injection concentration and injection volume has little impact on the results	要求所有组分流出并被检测到; 误差大; 只能计算相对含量; 不宜用于微量物质的检测计算 All components are required to flow out and be detected; Large error; Only relative content can be calculated; It should not be used for the detection and calculation of trace substances	[66]
外标法 External standard method	操作简单，有标准曲线就能定量，计算时可以直接从标曲上读出含量 The operation is simple, there is a standard curve to quantify, and the content can be read directly from the curl when calculating	需要每次样品分析的前处理条件和色谱条件相同，因此容易出现较大误差 The pretreatment and chromatographic conditions need to be the same for each sample analysis, so they are prone to large errors	[67]
内标法 Internal standard method	定量的准确度和精密度较高，一定程度上可以校正试验前处理过程所带来的误差 The accuracy and precision of quantification are high, and the error caused by the pre-test treatment process can be corrected to a certain extent	对内标物的选择要求严格 The selection of internal standards is strict	[68]

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