牛呼吸道疾病综合征主要病毒的流行病学调查

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.03.031

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (3): 1324-1335.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.03.031

牛呼吸道疾病综合征主要病毒的流行病学调查

赵婉玥¹^,²(), 徐肖文¹^,², 常舒舒¹^,², 项志杰²^,³, 郭爱珍¹^,², 陈颖钰¹^,²^,³^,*()

1. 华中农业大学动物科技学院动物医学院，华中农业大学农业微生物学资源发掘与利用全国重点实验室，武汉 430070
2. 华中农业大学生猪健康养殖协同创新中心，湖北省兽医流行病学国际科技合作基地，武汉 430070
3. 华中农业大学湖北洪山实验室，武汉 430070

收稿日期:2024-05-23 出版日期:2025-03-23 发布日期:2025-04-02
通讯作者: 陈颖钰 E-mail:euynaw@webmail.hzau.edu.cn;chenyingyu@mail.hzau.edu.cn
作者简介:赵婉玥(1999-)，女，湖北宜昌人，硕士，主要从事牛呼吸道病毒研究，E-mail: euynaw@webmail.hzau.edu.cn
基金资助:
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2023BCF01038)；国家现代农业(肉牛/牦牛)产业技术体系(CARS-37)

Epidemiologic Investigation of the Major Viruses of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

ZHAO Wanyue¹^,²(), XU Xiaowen¹^,², CHANG Shushu¹^,², XIANG Zhijie²^,³, GUO Aizhen¹^,², CHEN Yingyu¹^,²^,³^,*()

1. National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Huazhong Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
2. Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
3. Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China

Received:2024-05-23 Online:2025-03-23 Published:2025-04-02
Contact: CHEN Yingyu E-mail:euynaw@webmail.hzau.edu.cn;chenyingyu@mail.hzau.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

牛呼吸道疾病综合征(bovine respiratory disease complex, BRDC)是危害全球养牛业健康发展的疫病之一。引起该病的病毒主要包括牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus，IBRV)、牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus，BVDV)、牛副流感病毒3型(bovine parainfluenza virus 3，BPIV3)和牛呼吸道合胞体病毒(bovine respiratory syncytial virus，BRSV)等。掌握引发BRDC的主要病毒的分布情况是对该病进行精准防控、疫苗研发的重要基础。本研究以我国不同地区肉牛、奶牛、牦牛及屠宰场牛为研究对象，利用PCR和RT-PCR技术对来自全国30个牧场的750份临床样品进行了BRDC主要病毒的检测。结果表明，我国牛群中BRDC主要病毒的个体检出率为9.47%(95%CI：7.5，11.8)，群体检出率为33.33%(95%CI：17.9，54.3)；优势病毒为BVDV，阳性检出率为5.07%(95%CI：3.6，6.9)；IBRV的群阳性检出率最高，达到20.00%(95%CI：7.7，38.6)，其余三种病毒的群阳性率也都大于10%。肉牛中主要病毒为BVDV，阳性检出率为5.62%(95%CI：3.9，7.8)；奶牛中仅检出BVDV，阳性检出率为13.33%(95%CI：3.8，30.7)；牦牛仅检出IBRV，阳性检出率为6.09%(95%CI：2.5，12.1)。相关性分析结果显示，不同品种、区域间，患有BRDC的风险无统计学差异。夏季和秋季相较春季更为易感。>14周龄牛相较≤14周龄牛感染的风险显著高，尤其是感染BVDV的风险。在有呼吸道症状牛中，BRDC主要病毒为BVDV，且有BVDV分别与BPIV3、BRSV混合感染的情况。在无呼吸道症状牛群中，IBRV的阳性检出率最高。综上，本研究确定了我国牛群中BRDC主要病毒的携带分布情况，确定了不同地区、季节、品种感染BRDC病毒的风险，为BRDC的精准防控提供了重要基础。

关键词: 牛呼吸道疾病综合征, 牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒, 牛病毒性腹泻病毒, 牛副流感病毒3型, 牛呼吸道合胞体病毒, 流行病学调查, 时空分析

Abstract:

Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is one of the diseases posing significant threats to the healthy development of the global cattle industry. The primary viruses causing BRDC include infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Acquiring the distribution of the major viruses that cause BRDC is an important foundation for precision prevention and control of the disease, and for vaccine development. In this study, we investigated beef cattle, dairy cattle, yaks, and slaughterhouse cattle from various regions of China. Using PCR and RT-PCR techniques, we detected the main viruses causing BRDC in 750 clinical samples from 30 farms nationwide. We found that the individual detection rate of BRDC viruses in Chinese cattle herds was 9.47% (95% CI: 7.5, 11.8), and the herd detection rate was 33.33%(95%CI: 17.9, 54.3). BVDV was the predominant virus, with a positive detection rate of 5.07% (95% CI: 3.6, 6.9), but IBRV had the highest herd positivity rate at 20.00% (95% CI: 7.7, 38.6). The herd positivity rates of the other three viruses were all greater than 10%. In beef cattle, the main virus was BVDV with a positive detection rate of 5.62% (95% CI: 3.9, 7.8). In dairy cattle, only BVDV was detected, with a positive detection rate of 13.33% (95% CI: 3.8, 30.7). In yaks, only IBRV was detected, with a positive detection rate of 6.09% (95% CI: 2.5, 12.1). The results of correlation analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the risk of BRDC infection among different breeds and regions. However, there were significant differences in the presence of season and age. Cattle were more susceptible in summer and autumn compared to spring. Cattle older than 14 weeks had a significantly higher risk of infection compared to those 14 weeks old or younger, particularly for BVDV infection. Further analysis of the presence of viruses in cattle with respiratory symptoms and apparently healthy cattle revealed that BVDV was the main virus in cattle with respiratory symptoms, with instances of mixed infections involving BVDV and BPIV3 or BRSV. In cattle without respiratory symptoms, IBRV had the highest positive detection rate. In conclusion, this study identified the distribution of the main BRDC viruses in Chinese cattle herds and determined the infection risks associated with different regions, seasons, and breeds. These findings provide a crucial foundation for the precise control of BRDC.

Key words: bovine respiratory disease complex, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine parainfluenza virus 3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, epidemiological investigation, spatio-temporal analysis

中图分类号:

S858.235.3

赵婉玥, 徐肖文, 常舒舒, 项志杰, 郭爱珍, 陈颖钰. 牛呼吸道疾病综合征主要病毒的流行病学调查[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(3): 1324-1335.

ZHAO Wanyue, XU Xiaowen, CHANG Shushu, XIANG Zhijie, GUO Aizhen, CHEN Yingyu. Epidemiologic Investigation of the Major Viruses of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(3): 1324-1335.

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临床表现 Clinical manifestation	省份 Provinces	牧场/个 Rangelands(number)	样品/份 Samples(copy)
有呼吸道症状 With respiratory symptoms	湖北Hubei	9	62
	甘肃Gansu	6	279
	河南Henan	1	9
	吉林Jilin	1	3
	江苏Jiangsu	1	4
	内蒙古Neimenggu	1	2
无呼吸道症状 Without respiratory symptoms	湖北Hubei	6	47
	甘肃Gansu	1	229
	四川Sichuan	4	115
总计Total		30	750

病毒 Virus	目标基因 Target genes	序列(5′→3′) Sequence	产物/bp Product size	参考文献 Reference
IBRV	TK	F: CCGACCGCCTCCTACACCAGATGCT R: GGGTGTAGGCAAGCTCACCGCAACG	868	[7]
BVDV	5′ UTR	F: AGGCTAGCCATGCCCTTAGT R: TCTGCAGCACCCTATCAGG	244	[8]
BPIV3	N	F: GAGAAAGACCCAGGAAGACAGA R: ACACCCATCGCATAACTCCAGA	704	[10]
BRSV	N	F: CGTAGTACAGGTGACAACATTG R: ACCAAAGCAGCAACACATAGCAC	422	[9]

临床表现 Clinical manifestation	分布Distribution		占比/% Percentage
临床表现 Clinical manifestation	分类依据Classification basis	具体分类Specific classification	占比/% Percentage
有呼吸道症状 With respiratory symptom	年龄/周 Age(week)	≤14	11.1(40/359)
	年龄/周 Age(week)	＞14	88.9(319/359)
	季节 Season	春季Spring	5.6 (20/359)
		夏季Summer	74.9(269/359)
		秋季Fall	19.5(70/359)
		冬季Winter	0
	品种 Variety	肉牛cattle	91.6(329/359)
	品种 Variety	奶牛cow	8.4(30/359)
	地区 Region	南方south	17.3(62/359)
	地区 Region	北方north	82.7(297/359)
无呼吸道症状 Without respiratory symptom	年龄/周 Age(week)	≤14	58.6(229/391)
	年龄/周 Age(week)	＞14	41.4(162/391)
	季节 Season	春季Spring	58.6(229/391)
		夏季Summer	0
		秋季Fall	29.4(115/391)
		冬季Winter	12.0(47/391)
	品种 Variety	肉牛cattle	70.6(276/391)
	品种 Variety	牦牛yak	29.4(115/391)
	地区 Region	南方south	12.0(47/391)
	地区 Region	北方north	88.0(344/391)

病毒 Virus	个体阳性检出率(95%CI) Individual positive detection rate	群体阳性检出率(95%CI) Cohort positive detection rate
IBRV	1.73(13/750) (0.9，2.9)	20.00(6/30) (7.7，38.6)
BVDV	5.07(38/750) (3.6，6.9)	16.67(5/30) (5.6，34.7)
BPIV3	1.47(11/750) (0.7，2.6)	10.00(3/30) (2.1，26.5)
BRSV	1.73(13/750) (0.9，2.9)	10.00(3/30) (2.1，26.5)
BVDV+BPIV3	0.27(2/750) (0.0，1.0)	6.67(2/30) (0.8，22.1)
BVDV+BRSV	0.27(2/750) (0.0，1.0)	6.67(2/30) (0.8，22.1)

品种 Variety	阳性样品数 Number of positive samples	阴性样品数 Number of negative samples	阳性检出率/% (95%CI) Positive detection rate	P值 (95%CI) P-value	OR (95%CI)
肉牛 Cattle	60	545	9.92(60/605) (7.7，12.6)	0.310	1.70 (0.8，3.8)
奶牛 Cow	4	26	13.33(4/30) (9.9，18.5)		2.37 (0.65，8.72)
牦牛 Yak	7	108	6.09(7/115) (2.5，12.1)		1.00

牛呼吸道疾病综合征主要病毒的流行病学调查

Epidemiologic Investigation of the Major Viruses of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

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品种 Variety	检出率(95%CI) Detection rate
品种 Variety	IBRV	BVDV	BPIV3	BRSV
肉牛 Cattle	0.99(6/605) (0.4，2.1)	5.62(34/605) (3.9，7.8)	1.82(11/605) (0.9，3.2)	2.15(13/605) (1.1，3.6)
奶牛 Cow	0.00(0/30) (0.0，11.6)	13.33(4/30) (3.8，30.7)	0.00(0/30) (0.0，11.6)	0.00(0/30) (0.0，11.6)
牦牛 Yak	6.09(7/115) (2.5，12.1)	0.00(0/115) (2.5，12.1)	0.00(0/115) (0.0，3.2)	0.00(0/115) (0.0，3.2)

品种 Varieties	IBRV		BVDV		BPIV3		BRSV
品种 Varieties	P值	OR (95%CI)	P值	OR (95%CI)	P值	OR (95%CI)	P值	OR (95%CI)
肉牛 Cattle	0.004	1.00	0.005	1.00	0.092	/	0.060	/
奶牛 Cow		/		2.58 (0.9，7.9)		/		/
牦牛 Yak		6.47 (2.1，19.6)		/		/		/

时间 Time	阳性样品数 Number of positive samples	阴性样品数 Number of negative samples	阳性检出率/% (95%CI) Positive detection rate	P值 P-value (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)
春季 Spring	13	236	5.22(13/249) (2.8，8.8)	＜0.001	1.00
夏季 Summer	37	232	13.75(37/269) (9.9，18.5)		2.63 (1.37，5.07)
秋季 Fall	21	164	11.35(21/185) (7.2，16.8)		2.17 (1.06，4.46)
冬季 Winter	0	47	0.00(0/47) (0.0，7.5)		/

年龄/周 Age/weeks	阳性样品数 Number of positive samples	阴性样品数 Number of negative samples	阳性检出率/% (95%CI) Positive detection rate	P值 P-value (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)
≤14	11	258	4.09(11/269) (2.1，7.2)	＜0.001	1.00
＞14	60	421	12.47(60/481) (9.7，15.8)	＜0.001	3.34 (1.7，6.5)

有无呼吸道症状 Respiratory symptoms	阳性样品数 Number of positive samples	阴性样品数 Number of negative samples	阳性检出率/% (95%CI) Positive detection rate	P值 P-value (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)
有With	53	306	14.76(53/359) (11.3, 18.9)	＜0.001	3.59 (2.06, 6.26)
无Without	18	373	4.60(18/391) (2.8, 7.2)	＜0.001	1.00

有无呼吸道症状 Respiratory symptoms	病毒 Virus	样本阳性检出率 (95%CI) Sample positive detection rate	群体阳性检出率 (95%CI) Cohort positive detection rate
有呼吸道症状 With respiratory symptoms	IBRV	1.67(6/359) (0.6, 3.6)	15.79(3/19) (3.4, 39.6)
	BVDV	9.75(35/359) (6.9, 13.3)	26.32(5/19) (9.2, 51.2)
	BPIV3	2.23(8/359) (1.0, 4.3)	15.79(3/19) (3.4, 39.6)
	BRSV	2.23(8/359) (1.0, 4.3)	15.79(3/19) (3.4, 39.6)
	BVDV+BPIV3	0.56(2/359) (0.1, 2.0)	10.53(2/19) (1.3, 33.1)
	BVDV+BRSV	0.56(2/359) (0.1, 2.0)	10.53(2/19) (1.3, 33.1)
无呼吸道症状 Without respiratory symptoms	IBRV	1.79%(7/391) (0.7, 3.7)	25.00%(3/12) (5.5, 57.2)
	BVDV	0.77%(3/391) (0.2, 2.2)	8.33%(1/12) (0.2, 38.5)
	BPIV3	0.77%(3/391) (0.2, 2.2)	8.33%(1/12) (0.2, 38.5)
	BRSV	1.28%(5/391) (0.4, 3.0)	8.33%(1/12) (0.2, 38.5)

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地区 Region	检出率(95%CI) Detection rate
地区 Region	IBRV	BVDV	BPIV3	BRSV
南方 South	0.92(1/109) (0.0, 5.0)	3.67(4/109) (1.0, 9.1)	0.00(0/109) (0.0, 3.3)	0.00(0/109) (0.0, 3.3)
北方 North	1.87(12/641) (1.0, 3.2)	5.30(34/641) (3.7, 7.3)	1.72(11/641) (0.9, 3.0)	2.03(13/641) (1.1, 3.4)

年龄/周 Age/weeks	检出率(95%CI) Detection rate
年龄/周 Age/weeks	IBRV	BVDV	BPIV3	BRSV
≤14	0.00(0/269) (0.0，1.4)	1.12(3/269) (0.2，3.2)	1.12(3/269) (0.2，3.2)	1.86(5/269) (0.6，4.3)
＞14	2.70(13/481) (1.4，4.6)	7.28(35/481) (5.1，10.0)	1.66(8/481) (0.7，3.3)	1.66 (8/481) (0.7，3.3)