中国天然草地有毒植物及其放牧家畜中毒病研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2021.05.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中国是世界草地资源大国，天然草地作为我国面积最大的陆地生态系统和重要的绿色生态屏障，具有多种生态功能，同时也是发展草地畜牧业的重要基地和牧民最基本的生产生活资料。但长期以来，人们只重视天然草地的生产功能，而忽视了对天然草地生态系统的保护，使得我国天然草地长期处于过度利用状态，造成草地退化，进一步引发有毒植物等生物灾害多发、频发，可食牧草种类和产量锐减，生物多样性失调及生态环境恶化。本文简要概述了我国天然草地有毒植物的种类与分布，介绍了有毒植物给目前我国天然草地以及畜牧业带来的经济损失以及危害，针对疯草类有毒植物、乌头属有毒植物、橐吾属有毒植物、瑞香狼毒、醉马芨芨草、紫茎泽兰6种危害较为严重的有毒植物的毒理学与中毒病及其防治技术方面的研究进展作了概述，对未来在有毒植物中毒的防控方面提出几点建议，旨在为我国草原牧区放牧家畜有毒植物中毒病综合防控和健康养殖提供理论指导。

关键词: 有毒植物, 放牧家畜, 中毒病, 防治技术, 天然草地, 中国

Abstract: China has the world’s largest grassland resources. As the largest terrestrial ecosystem and the important green ecological barrier, natural grassland has lots of ecological functions. At the same time, it is also an important base for the development of animal husbandry and the most basic means of production and living for herdsmen. For a long time, people only paid attention to the productive function of grassland, while ignoring the protection of its ecosystem. As a result, it leads to degeneration of grassland production, decline of ecological service functions, and has further caused frequent occurrences of poisonous plants and other biological disasters, the decrease of forage species and yield, the imbalance of biodiversity and the deterioration of ecological environment. In this paper, the species and distribution of poisonous plants in natural grassland were briefly summarized, and then the economic losses and harms to natural grassland and animal husbandry caused by poisonous plants were introduced. This article gives an important overview of the research progress in toxicology and poisoning diseases of six main poisonous plants including locoweed, Aconitum, Ligularia, Stellera chamaejasme, Achnatherum inebrians and Ageratina adenophora and their prevention and control techniques, also gives several suggestions, aiming to provide theoretical guidance for the comprehensive prevention and control of toxic plants poisoning diseases and healthy breeding of grazing livestock in grassland pastoral areas.

Key words: poisonous plants, grazing livestock, poisoning disease, prevention and treatment techniques, natural grassland, China

中图分类号:

S856.9

郭蓉, 郭亚洲, 王帅, 杨晨, 苏永霞, 吴晨晨, 路浩, 赵宝玉. 中国天然草地有毒植物及其放牧家畜中毒病研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2021, 52(5): 1171-1185.

GUO Rong, GUO Yazhou, WANG Shuai, YANG Chen, SU Yongxia, WU Chenchen, LU Hao, ZHAO Baoyu. Advances in Research on Poisonous Plants and Grazing Livestock Poisoning Diseases of Natural Grassland in China[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2021, 52(5): 1171-1185.

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