宁夏地区荷斯坦牛乳房性状的遗传参数估计和主成分分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2021.04.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在评估宁夏地区荷斯坦牛乳房性状的遗传水平。本研究使用DMU（v6.0）软件的AI-REML模块结合EM算法并配合多性状动物模型对宁夏地区12 415头荷斯坦牛，包括111 735个观察值的9个乳房性状进行遗传参数估计，运用主成分分析法（PCA）探讨构象性状之间的关系。结果表明，宁夏地区荷斯坦牛乳房性状遗传力处于中等偏低水平，乳房深度遗传力值为0.242，乳房质地为0.080，悬韧带为0.183，前乳房附着为0.230，前乳头位置为0.231，前乳头长度为0.173，后乳房高为0.272，后乳房宽为0.378，后乳头位置为0.169。各性状遗传相关范围为-0.277~0.706，表型相关范围为-0.084~0.316。研究共筛选出特征值≥1的4个主成分，占总方差的64.19%，且9个乳房性状在前3个主成分中已全部体现，荷载系数均在0.4以上。本研究通过对宁夏地区奶牛DHI数据的深入挖掘和遗传参数估计，准确地把握了宁夏奶牛群体的结构特征，对于奶牛的选种选配和育种规划具有重要意义。

关键词: 荷斯坦奶牛, 遗传力, 乳房, 育种值

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the genetic level of the udder traits of Holstein cattle in Ningxia. The DMU software, the DMUAI module AI-REML, the EM algorithm and multi-trait animal models were used to estimate the genetic parameters of 12 415 Holstein cows in Ningxia, including 111 735 observed values of 9 udder traits. The principal component analysis was applied to explore the relationship between the conformation traits. The results showed that heritability of udder traits of Holstein cattle in Ningxia was at a moderate to inferior level: the values were 0.242 for udder depth, 0.080 for udder texture, 0.183 for median suspensory, 0.230 for fore udder attachment, 0.231 for fore teat placement, 0.173 for fore teat length, 0.272 for rear attachment height, 0.378 for rear attachment width and 0.169 for rear teat placement, respectively. The genetic correlation coefficients ranged from -0.277 to 0.706, while the phenotypic cor-relation coefficients ranged from -0.084 to 0.316. Furthermore, we selected 4 principal components with eigenvalues ≥ 1, 64.19% of the total variance. In addition, all 9 udder traits were reflected in the first 3 principal components, and all loaded coefficients were > 0.4. The present in-depth Dairy Herd Improvement data mining and genetic parameter estimation revealed the characteristics of Ningxia Holstein dairy cow population structure, which may greatly facilitate the design and execution of dairy cow breeding programs.

Key words: Holstein dairy cow, heritability, udder, breeding value

中图分类号:

S823.2

母童, 虎红红, 冯小芳, 田佳, 温万, 张娟, 顾亚玲. 宁夏地区荷斯坦牛乳房性状的遗传参数估计和主成分分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2021, 52(4): 954-966.

MU Tong, HU Honghong, FENG Xiaofang, TIAN Jia, WEN Wan, ZHANG Juan, GU Yaling. Genetic Parameter Estimates and Principal Component Analysis for Udder Traits of Holstein Cattle in Ningxia[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2021, 52(4): 954-966.

参考文献 40

[1]	OLASEGE B S,ZHANG S,ZHAO Q,et al.Genetic parameter estimates for body conformation traits using composite index,principal component,and factor analysis[J].J Dairy Sci,2019,102(6):5219-5229.
[2]	LEE S H,DO C H,CHOY Y H,et al.Estimation of the genetic milk yield parameters of Holstein cattle under heat stress in South Korea[J].Asian-Australas J Anim Sci,2019,32(3):334-340.
[3]	张沅.家畜育种学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001.ZHANG Y.Animal breeding[M].Beijing:Agricultural Press of China,2001.(in Chinese)
[4]	刘一帆,卢建,屠云洁,等.徐海鸡母鸡距长性状的遗传力估计及其与繁殖性状的关联分析[J].中国畜牧杂志,2020,56(11):44-46.LIU Y F,LU J,TU Y J,et al.Estimation of heritability of spur length and its association with reproductive traits in Xuhai Hens[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2020,56(11):44-46.(in Chinese)
[5]	任小丽,栗敏杰,白雪利,等.中国荷斯坦牛青年初产年龄和成年母牛产犊间隔遗传参数估计[J].中国畜牧杂志,2019,55(3):45-49.REN X L,LI M J,BAI X L,et al.Genetic parameters for age at first calving of heifer and calving interval of cow in chinese Holstein[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2019,55(3):45-49.(in Chinese)
[6]	郑伟杰,李厚诚,苏丁然,等.国际奶牛遗传评估体系概况[J].中国畜牧杂志,2020,56(6):161-168.ZHENG W J,LI H C,SU D R,et al.General status of international genetic evaluation system of dairy cattle[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2020,56(6):161-168.(in Chinese)
[7]	毛杰,王根林,余盼,等.上海地区荷斯坦奶牛体型性状、产奶性状和体细胞评分的遗传统计分析[J].南京农业大学学报,2015,38(4):650-655.MAO J,WANG G L,YU P,et al.Genetic and statistical analysis between type traits,milk production traits and somatic cell score of Holstein cattle in Shanghai[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2015,38(4):650-655.(in Chinese)
[8]	任小丽,栗敏杰,白雪利,等.中国荷斯坦牛头胎产奶量和乳成分遗传参数估计[J].中国畜牧杂志,2019,55(7):67-70.REN X L,LI M J,BAI X L,et al.Genetic parameters for Test-Day milk yield and milk composition in Chinese Holstein first parity[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2019,55(7):67-70.(in Chinese)
[9]	KRAMER M,ERBE M,BAPST B,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters for individual udder quarter milk content traits in Brown Swiss cattle[J].J Dairy Sci,2013,96(9):5965-5976.
[10]	KRAMER M,ERBE M,BAPST B,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters for novel functional traits in Brown Swiss cattle[J].J Dairy Sci,2013,96(9):5954-5964.
[11]	WETHAL K B,HERINGSTAD B.Genetic analyses of novel temperament and milkability traits in Norwegian Red cattle based on data from automatic milking systems[J].J Dairy Sci,2019,102(9):8221-8233.
[12]	BURREN A,JOERG H,ERBE M,et al.Genetic parameters for semen production traits in Swiss dairy bulls[J].Reprod Domest Anim,2019,54(9):1177-1181.
[13]	ABO-ISMAIL M K,BRITO L F,MILLER S P,et al.Genome-wide association studies and genomic prediction of breeding values for calving performance and body conformation traits in Holstein cattle[J].Genet Sel Evol,2017,49(1):82.
[14]	常瑶,李想,张海亮,等.北京地区中国荷斯坦牛性情遗传评估[J].畜牧兽医学报,2019,50(4):712-720.CHANG Y,LI X,ZHANG H L,et al.Genetic analysis for temperament of Chinese Holstein in Beijing area[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2019,50(4):712-720.(in Chinese)
[15]	李想,鄢新义,罗汉鹏,等.不同模型估计中国荷斯坦牛生产寿命遗传参数[J].畜牧兽医学报,2019,50(6):1162-1170.LI X,YAN X Y,LUO H P,et al.Genetic parameters estimation for productive life of Chinese Holsteins by different models[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2019,50(6):1162-1170.(in Chinese)
[16]	董祎鑫,李想,亓建刚,等.中国荷斯坦牛产后0~35 d繁殖疾病遗传参数估计[J].畜牧兽医学报,2019,50(2):280-286.DONG Y X,LI X,QI J G,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters of reproductive diseases within 0-35 days after calving in Chinese Holsteins[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2019,50(2):280-286.(in Chinese)
[17]	李欣,周靖航,温万,等.宁夏地区荷斯坦奶牛遗传参数估计[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(6):1754-1761.LI X,ZHOU J H,WEN W,et al.The estimation of genetic parameters of Holstein dairy cows in Ningxia region[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(6):1754-1761.(in Chinese)
[18]	SOUFLERI A,BANOS G,PANOUSIS N,et al.Genetic parameters of colostrum traits in Holstein dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sc,2019,102(12):11225-11232.
[19]	刘松柏,易建明,晏邦富,等.中国荷斯坦牛乳房性状、体型总分与产奶性状的相关分析[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(21):5-8.LIU S B,YI J M,YAN B F,et al.Correlations analysis among udder traits,final score and milk production traits in Chinese Holstein dairy cows[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2010,46(21):5-8.(in Chinese)
[20]	冯小芳,封元,张娟,等.宁夏安格斯牛体尺和体质量遗传参数估计[J].西北农业学报,2019,28(5):686-691.FENG X F,FENG Y,ZHANG J,et al.Genetic parameter estimation for body measurements and mass of Augus cattle in Ningxia[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2019,28(5):686-691.(in Chinese)
[21]	毛杰.上海地区荷斯坦牛体型性状与产奶性状、SCS和寿命性状的遗传分析[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.MAO J.Genetic analysis between type traits,milk production traits、SCS and longevity traits of Holstein cattle in Shanghai[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[22]	刘松柏.武汉地区荷斯坦牛体型线性性状的遗传分析[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2008.LIU S B.Genetic analysis for linear type traits of Holstein cattle in Wuhan[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2008.(in Chinese)
[23]	CAMPOS R V,COBUCI J A,KERN E L,et al.Genetic parameters for linear type traits and milk,fat,and protein production in Holstein cows in Brazil[J].Asian-Australas J Anim Sci,2015,28(4):476-484.
[24]	SETATI M M,NORRIS D,BANGA C B,et al.Relationships between longevity and linear type traits in Holstein cattle population of southern Africa[J].Trop Anim Health Prod,2004,36(8):807-814.
[25]	HAILE-MARIAM M,PRYCE J E.Variances and correlations of milk production,fertility,longevity,and type traits over time in Australian Holstein cattle[J].J Dairy Sci,2015,98(10):7364-7379.
[26]	BOETTCHER P J,DEKKERS J C M,KOLSTAD B W.Development of an udder health index for sire selection based on somatic cell score,udder conformation,and milking speed[J].J Dairy Sci,1998,81(4):1157-1168.
[27]	CAMPOS R V,COBUCI J A,COSTA C N,et al.Genetic parameters for type traits in Holstein cows in Brazil[J].Rev Bras Zootec,2012,41(10):2150-2161.
[28]	PETRINI J,IUNG L H S,RODRIGUEZ M A P,et al.Genetic parameters for milk fatty acids,milk yield and quality traits of a Holstein cattle population reared under tropical conditions[J].J Anim Breed Genet,2016,133(5):384-395.
[29]	MAZZA S,GUZZO N,SARTORI C,et al.Genetic parameters for linear type traits in the Rendena dual-purpose breed[J].J Anim Breed Genet,2014,131(1):27-35.
[30]	DEGROOT B J,KEOWN J F,VAN VLECK L D,et al.Genetic parameters and responses of linear type,yield traits,and somatic cell scores to divergent selection for predicted transmitting ability for type in Holsteins[J].J Dairy Sci,2002,85(6):1578-1585.
[31]	KIM E H,KIM H K,SUN D W,et al.The study on estimated breeding value and accuracy for economic traits in Gyoungnam Hanwoo cow (Korean cattle)[J].J Anim Sci Technol,2020,62(4):429-437.
[32]	DEL M, SCHNEIDER P,FIKSE F.Principal components analysis for conformation traits in inter-national sire evaluations[J].Interbull Bulletin,2007,37:107-110.
[33]	LI H L.Accurate and efficient classification based on common principal components analysis for multi-variate time series[J].Neurocomputing,2016,171:744-753.
[34]	MELLO R R C,DEL-PENHO SINEDINO L,FERREIRA J E,et al.Principal component and cluster analyses of production and fertility traits in Red Sindhi dairy cattle breed in Brazil[J].Trop Anim Health Prod,2020,52(1):273-281.
[35]	商涛,程郁昕.奶牛乳用特征性状对305天产奶量的主成分分析[J].当代畜牧,2017(4):22-23.SHANG T,CHENG Y X.Principal component analysis of milk yield in 305 days by characteristics of cow milk[J].Contemporary Animal Husbandry,2017(4):22-23.(in Chinese)
[36]	程郁昕,刘富强,吴旭.荷斯坦奶牛外貌性状的主成分分析[J].畜牧与兽医,2017,49(3):14-16.CHENG Y X,LIU F Q,WU X.Principal component analysis on appearance traits of Holstein cows[J].Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2017,49(3):14-16.(in Chinese)
[37]	CHU M X,SHI S K.Phenotypic factor analysis for linear type traits in Beijing Holstein cows[J].Asian-Australas J Anim Sci,2002,15(11):1527-1530.
[38]	陆呈委,邓廷贤,谭正准,等.奶水牛乳房线性性状主成分分析研究[J].中国牛业科学,2016,42(2):1-3.LU C W,DENG T X,TAN Z Z,et al.Principal component analysis of udder linear traits in water buffalo[J].China Cattle Science,2016,42(2):1-3.(in Chinese)
[39]	DE HAAS Y,JANSS L L G,KADARMIDEEN H N.Genetic and phenotypic parameters for conformation and yield traits in three Swiss dairy cattle breeds[J].J Anim Breed Genet,2007,124(1):12-19.
[40]	KERN E L,COBUCI J A,COSTA C N,et al.Factor analysis of linear type traits and their relation with longevity in Brazilian Holstein cattle[J].Asian-Australas J Anim Sci,2014,27(6):784-790.