急性非洲猪瘟的实验病理学研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2020.11.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在通过对非洲猪瘟临床病理学和组织病理学的研究，探讨病理学变化与疾病发生发展的内在关系及其病理机制。选用体重20 kg左右的长白猪13头，肌内注射非洲猪瘟病毒毒株Pig/HLJ/18，剂量10²HAD₅₀·mL^-1。试验期间的死亡猪，全部进行系统剖检和取材，制备石蜡切片，苏木素伊红染色。建立病理学评价标准，病变（无序分类变量）用频率和百分比表示，病变程度（有序分类变量）按各组织器官的不同病变进行分级和评分。结果表明，发病猪符合非洲猪瘟急性、热性、高传染性等临床特征，发病率100%，病死率100%。病死猪表现败血症典型特征，尸体易腐败，血凝不良或溶血，尸僵不全。主要病理损伤为出血性坏死性淋巴结炎、急性炎性脾肿（败血脾）、脑水肿、肺水肿和肺实变等。脾和淋巴结是非洲猪瘟病毒攻击的靶器官，病变最为显著，出现时间最早，持续时间最长，发生频率最高。病理变化以血液循环障碍尤为突出，包括水肿、充血、淤血、出血、梗死和弥散性血管内凝血等多种病理表现，出血性病变为其最主要的特征。非洲猪瘟病毒引发的以淋巴细胞渗出为主的炎症反应贯穿始终，在病程的中后期表现更为明显。结果提示，急性非洲猪瘟的主要病理过程为典型的免疫/炎症级联反应和严重的全身血液循环障碍，共同导致急性非洲猪瘟的高发病率和高死亡率。

关键词: 非洲猪瘟, 病理机制, 评价标准, 剖检病变, 组织学病变

Abstract: To study the clinicopathology and histopathology of African swine fever (ASF), and to explore the internal relationship between pathological changes and disease occurrence and development and its pathological mechanism, 13 Landrace pigs with bodyweight about 20 kg were intramuscular injected with African swine fever virus (ASFV), strain Pig/HLJ/18 at a dose of 10²HAD₅₀·mL^-1. During the experiment, all the dead pigs were systematically dissected and sampled, paraffin sections were produced, and haematoxylin-eosin staining was performed. Clinicopathological evaluation standards for acute ASF were established, then pathological lesions (classification variables) were expressed by counting frequency and percentage, and the lesion degree (continuous variables) was graded and scored according to different pathological changes of various tissues and organs. The results showed that all infected pigs were in line with the clinical characteristics of ASF, including acute, febrile and highly infectious, with a 100% incidence rate and 100% mortality. The dead pigs showed typical characteristics of septicemia, cadavers prone to corruption, blood clotting adverse or hemolysis, rigor mortis incomplete. The main pathological lesions were hemorrhagic necrotizing lymphadenitis, acute inflammatory splenomegaly (septic spleen), cerebral edema, pulmonary edema and lung consolidation et al. The spleen and lymphonodus are the target organs attacked by ASFV, with the most significant lesions, the earliest occurrence time, the longest duration and the highest frequency. The most prominent pathological changes are blood circulation disorders, including multiple pathological manifestations such as edema, hyperemia, congestion, hemorrhage, infarction, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and the most important characteristics are hemorrhagic lesions. The inflammatory reaction of lymphocytic exudation caused by ASFV runs through the whole process, especially in the middle and later stages of the course. The results suggest that the main pathological process of acute African swine fever is a typical immune/inflammatory cascade reaction and severe systemic blood circulation disorder, which resulted in the high incidence rate and high mortality rate of acute ASF.

Key words: African swine fever, pathological mechanism, clinicopathological evaluation standard, gross lesions, histopathology

中图分类号:

S858.285.3

邓桦, 李慧, 杨鸿, 周兆海, 梁浩钊, 徐志高, 巫辅达, 李樵锋, 黄璐琦. 急性非洲猪瘟的实验病理学研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2020, 51(11): 2836-2848.

DENG Hua, LI Hui, YANG Hong, ZHOU Zhaohai, LIANG Haozhao, XU Zhigao, WU Fuda, LI Qiaofeng, HUANG Luqi. Experimental Pathological Study of Acute African Swine Fever[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2020, 51(11): 2836-2848.

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