饲粮组成对生长猪小肠消化环境的影响研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.11.029

Abstract

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to investigate the variability of digestive environment in different sites of the small intestine of pigs and its correlation with dietary standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids, and to provide a reference for the development of rapid evaluation of nutritive of amino acid for pig diets. In this experiment, 18 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire barrows with an initial body weight of (21.6±3.5)kg were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 pigs in each group. A T-cannula was surgically equipped at the end of duodenum, the middle of the jejunum-ileum and the end of the ileum, respectively. Each group of pigs was allotted to a replicated 3×3 Latin square design with 3 diets (3 kinds of semi-homozygous diets with corn, soybean meal and wheat bran as the only protein source, respectively) and 3 phases. In each phase, there was a 5-d adaption to experimental diet, followed by a 3-d determination of digesta passage time, a 2-d collection of digesta, and a 2-d of recovery period. The pH, ion concentration, digestive enzyme activity and the passage time of digesta in each sites of small intestine were determined. The effects of intestinal sites and diets on the digestive environment were analyzed, and the simple correlation analysis was conducted between the standardized ileal digestibility of amino acid in diets and the digestive environment parameters in small intestine. The results showed that: 1) Intestinal sites and diets had significantly interactions (P < 0.05) on the K⁺ and Cl^- concentrations and chymotrypsin activity of intestinal fluid. The intestinal sites had extremely significant effects (P < 0.01) on pH, amylase and trypsin activities and Na⁺ concentration, and diets had significant effects (P < 0.05) on pH, trypsin activity and Na⁺ concentration. 2) Taking the average time of appearance and disappearance of digesta indicator as the passage time, the passage time of corn diet in duodenum, middle jejunum-ileum and terminal ileum was significantly longer (P < 0.05) than that of wheat bran diet, but there was no significantly difference (P>0.05) compared to soybean meal diet in duodenum. 3) Pigs fed the corn diet had no significant correlation (|r|≤0.68, P>0.10) between the pH, Na⁺ concentration, K⁺ concentration, passage time of digesta, digestive enzyme activities and the standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids. Pigs fed the soybean meal diet showed significantly negative correlation (|r|=0.86, P < 0.05) between the amylase activity and standardized ileal digestibility of glutamate. Feeding pigs with wheat bran diet, there was a significantly positive correlation (|r|≥0.87, P < 0.05) between Na⁺ concentration and proline, passage time of digesta and standardized ileal digestibility of methionine, histidine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine. In summary, the intestinal sites and diets of growing pigs have a significant influence and interaction on the digestive environment of small intestine. The correlation between pH, ion concentration and digestive enzyme activity and the standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids is weak, but the passage time of digesta affects protein digestion in wheat bran diet.

Key words: growing pig, diet composition, digestive environment, amino acid digestibility, correlation

CLC Number:

S816.32

Jiacheng WANG, Chenxu LI, Haoran WANG, Ning CAO, Feng ZHAO, Jingjing XIE, Renna SA, Sufen LI, Yuming WANG. Effects of Diet Composition on the Digestive Environment of Small Intestine in Growing Pigs[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(11): 5135-5146.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Effects of diet composition on pH, digestive enzyme activity, and ion concentration of small intestinal fluid of growing pigs"

肠段 Intestinal sites	饲粮 Diet	pH	消化酶活性/(U·mL^－1) Digestive enzyme activity			离子浓度/(mmol·L^－1) Ion concentration
肠段 Intestinal sites	饲粮 Diet	pH	淀粉酶 Amylase	胰蛋白酶 Trypsin	糜蛋白酶 Chymotrypsin	Na⁺	K⁺	Cl^-
十二指肠 Duodenum	玉米饲粮Corn diet	6.58	49.59	37.86	3.12^cd	93.10	14.05^b	91.40^ab
	豆粕饲粮Soybean meal diet	5.83	82.46	42.69	5.02^c	82.47	24.47^a	72.07^c
	小麦麸饲粮Wheat bran diet	5.54	49.46	40.56	2.76^cd	74.64	22.60^a	80.38^bc
空-回中段 Middle of jejunum-ileum	玉米饲粮Corn diet	7.82	230.98	77.17	8.51^b	114.68	10.13^bc	103.86^a
	豆粕饲粮Soybean meal diet	7.44	285.55	89.16	15.89^a	103.43	9.39^c	72.93^c
	小麦麸饲粮Wheat bran diet	7.74	250.14	50.50	8.60^b	103.59	8.68^c	93.48^a
回肠末端 Terminal ileum	玉米饲粮Corn diet	8.20	5.57	12.93	1.54^d	112.63	7.76^c	43.07^d
	豆粕饲粮Soybean meal diet	8.01	25.77	19.10	3.54^cd	110.83	8.00^c	41.29^d
	小麦麸饲粮Wheat bran diet	8.37	1.85	8.86	1.04^d	113.10	5.38^c	48.26^d
SEM		0.150	16.166	4.836	0.724	2.164	0.990	3.406
肠段Intestinal sites
十二指肠Duodenum		5.98^c	60.50^b	39.96^b	3.63	83.41^c	20.38	81.28
空-回中段Middle of jejunum-ileum		7.67^b	220.01^a	78.41^a	11.00	107.23^b	9.40	90.09
回肠末端Terminal ileum		8.19^a	7.91^c	13.63^c	2.04	112.18^a	7.05	44.21
饲粮Diet
玉米饲粮Corn diet		7.59^a	77.43	42.40^ab	4.46	107.61^a	10.45	78.74
豆粕饲粮Soybean meal diet		7.16^b	129.29	54.47^a	8.33	99.88^b	13.34	61.51
小麦麸饲粮Wheat bran diet		7.31^ab	93.00	35.83^b	4.21	98.43^b	11.61	73.67
P值P-value
肠段Intestinal sites		< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
饲粮Diet		0.04	0.08	0.03	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.07	< 0.01
肠段×饲粮Intestinal sites×diet		0.09	0.51	0.19	0.04	0.13	< 0.01	0.02

Table 3

Fig. 1

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

References 21

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原料 Ingredient	玉米 Corn	豆粕 Soybean meal	小麦麸 Wheat bran
干物质DM	87.87	88.25	91.18
粗蛋白质CP	8.65	54.49	21.65
粗脂肪EE	3.64	0.96	5.39
粗纤维CF	1.86	4.70	9.63
粗灰分Ash	1.58	6.89	6.06
总能/(kJ·kg^－1)GE	18.26	19.76	19.61
必需氨基酸Indispensable AA
赖氨酸Lys	0.24	3.35	0.87
蛋氨酸Met	0.18	0.74	0.30
苏氨酸Thr	0.30	2.12	0.66
缬氨酸Val	0.40	2.67	0.92
异亮氨酸Ile	0.29	2.59	0.62
亮氨酸Leu	1.00	4.19	1.20
苯丙氨酸Phe	0.39	2.82	0.79
组氨酸His	0.24	1.42	0.55
精氨酸Arg	0.37	3.99	1.45
非必需氨基酸Dispensable AA
脯氨酸Pro	0.65	2.55	1.00
半胱氨酸Cys	0.18	0.75	0.40
天冬氨酸Asp	0.56	6.23	1.44
丝氨酸Ser	0.40	2.70	0.85
谷氨酸Glu	1.53	9.99	3.65
甘氨酸Gly	0.32	2.29	1.09
丙氨酸Ala	0.62	2.38	1.00
总氨基酸Total AA	7.66	50.80	16.79

项目 Item	玉米饲粮 Cron diet	豆粕饲粮 Soybean meal diet	小麦麸饲粮 Wheat bran diet
原料Ingredient
玉米淀粉Corn starch		47.53	44.02
玉米Corn	96.89
豆粕Soybean meal		36.61
小麦麸Wheat bran			40.01
大豆油Soybean oil		3.00	3.00
蔗糖Sucrose		10.00	10.00
磷酸氢钙Calcium hydrogen phosphate	1.13	1.27	0.98
石粉Limestone	1.06	0.67	1.07
氯化钠Sodium chloride	0.40	0.40	0.40
二氧化钛Titanium dioxide	0.40	0.40	0.40
预混料Vitamin premix¹	0.12	0.12	0.12
总计Total	100.00	100.00	100.00
营养水平Nutrients level²
干物质DM	86.68	94.37	93.78
粗蛋白质CP	7.75	16.00	6.85

项目 Item	玉米饲粮 Corn diet	豆粕饲粮 Soybean meal diet	小麦麸饲粮 Wheat bran diet	SEM	P值 P-value
必需氨基酸Indispensable AA
赖氨酸Lys	73.16^b	87.19^a	79.42^b	1.901	< 0.01
蛋氨酸Met	88.54^a	90.82^a	82.44^b	1.109	< 0.01
苏氨酸Thr	74.63	81.84	73.64	1.920	0.16
缬氨酸Val	79.78	83.82	75.81	1.516	0.06
异亮氨酸Ile	80.88^ab	85.95^a	75.65^b	1.442	< 0.01
亮氨酸Leu	89.04^a	86.03^a	79.39^b	1.341	< 0.01
苯丙氨酸Phe	84.65^a	86.72^a	79.29^b	1.171	0.01
组氨酸His	83.78	88.07	82.11	1.282	0.08
精氨酸Arg	86.30^ab	92.70^a	85.27^b	1.404	0.04
非必需氨基酸Dispensable AA
脯氨酸Pro	93.90	97.48	94.98	7.372	0.97
半胱氨酸Cys	75.62	72.90	71.08	2.509	0.69
天冬氨酸Asp	81.34	84.28	78.06	1.399	0.15
丝氨酸Ser	82.65	86.21	79.22	1.528	0.13
谷氨酸Glu	90.58	89.01	85.61	1.600	0.58
甘氨酸Gly	72.70	78.45	75.50	3.432	0.80
丙氨酸Ala	86.35^a	82.08^ab	74.93^b	1.672	0.02

项目 Item	pH	Na⁺	K⁺	Cl^-	食糜通过时间 Passage time of digesta	淀粉酶 Amylase	胰蛋白酶 Trypsin	糜蛋白酶 Chymotrypsin
必需氨基酸Indispensable AA
赖氨酸Lys	0.50	-0.01	0.35	0.82^*	-0.02	-0.31	0.03	0.00
蛋氨酸Met	0.35	-0.01	0.11	0.82^*	0.03	0.02	-0.04	-0.08
苏氨酸Thr	0.62	0.43	0.25	0.06	-0.15	-0.66	-0.57	0.16
缬氨酸Val	0.67	0.28	0.34	0.35	-0.16	-0.59	-0.38	0.15
异亮氨酸Ile	0.55	-0.18	0.32	0.70	-0.24	0.08	0.08	0.19
亮氨酸Leu	0.47	0.25	0.07	0.33	-0.11	-0.17	-0.43	0.07
苯丙氨酸Phe	0.51	0.28	0.12	0.38	-0.09	-0.28	-0.43	0.06
组氨酸His	0.53	0.42	0.11	0.14	-0.10	-0.47	-0.59	0.09
精氨酸Arg	0.46	-0.08	0.41	0.81^*	0.00	-0.37	0.16	0.00
非必需氨基酸Dispensable AA
脯氨酸Pro	0.21	-0.18	0.31	0.86^*	0.13	-0.20	0.34	-0.13
半胱氨酸Cys	-0.03	0.41	-0.41	-0.07	0.11	0.14	-0.61	-0.15
天冬氨酸Asp	0.64	-0.01	0.43	0.69	-0.17	-0.33	-0.03	0.15
丝氨酸Ser	0.68	0.33	0.32	0.18	-0.21	-0.61	-0.46	0.21
谷氨酸Glu	0.40	0.14	0.08	0.68	0.02	-0.10	-0.23	-0.06
甘氨酸Gly	0.18	-0.20	0.34	0.77	0.12	-0.24	0.39	-0.11
丙氨酸Ala	0.42	0.08	0.21	0.82^*	0.06	-0.24	-0.09	-0.08

项目 Item	pH	Na⁺	K⁺	Cl^-	食糜通过时间 Passage time of digesta	淀粉酶 Amylase	胰蛋白酶 Trypsin	糜蛋白酶 Chymotrypsin
必需氨基酸Indispensable AA
赖氨酸Lys	0.34	0.49	-0.08	-0.68	0.42	-0.74^*	-0.64	0.06
蛋氨酸Met	0.17	0.32	-0.12	-0.59	0.46	-0.64	-0.59	-0.12
苏氨酸Thr	0.34	0.46	-0.04	-0.66	0.49	-0.70	-0.59	0.00
缬氨酸Val	0.27	0.37	0.00	-0.62	0.57	-0.63	-0.52	-0.07
异亮氨酸Ile	0.16	0.26	0.09	-0.69	0.61	-0.55	-0.48	-0.03
亮氨酸Leu	0.23	0.32	0.08	-0.69	0.60	-0.59	-0.50	-0.03
苯丙氨酸Phe	0.25	0.34	0.06	-0.67	0.59	-0.61	-0.51	-0.05
组氨酸His	0.39	0.50	-0.03	-0.70	0.43	-0.74^*	-0.65	0.03
精氨酸Arg	0.24	0.36	-0.04	-0.63	0.52	-0.65	-0.57	-0.10
非必需氨基酸Dispensable AA
脯氨酸Pro	-0.23	-0.26	0.18	-0.19	0.67	0.02	0.03	-0.46
半胱氨酸Cys	0.31	0.50	-0.18	-0.64	0.34	-0.76^*	-0.66	0.10
天冬氨酸Asp	0.28	0.43	-0.05	-0.68	0.47	-0.69	-0.58	0.07
丝氨酸Ser	0.28	0.40	-0.03	-0.60	0.56	-0.65	-0.53	-0.09
谷氨酸Glu	0.50	0.65	-0.22	-0.60	0.25	-0.86^**	-0.75^*	0.03
甘氨酸Gly	0.35	0.47	-0.09	-0.67	0.40	-0.75^*	-0.68	-0.03
丙氨酸Ala	0.38	0.48	-0.05	-0.65	0.45	-0.73^*	-0.66	-0.07

Effects of Diet Composition on the Digestive Environment of Small Intestine in Growing Pigs

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