猫上呼吸道疾病的病原、诊断与防治

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.06.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Feline upper respiratory disease (FURTD) is widely spread in cats, characterized by upper respiratory, oral, and eyes symptoms. There are various pathogens caused FURTD. Except for common pathogens such as feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1), Chlamydia felis (C.felis), Mycoplasma felis (M.felis), and Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb), there are still many other sporadic infections in clinical practice. Clinically, there are often cases of co-infection by multiple pathogens, and the continuous evolution easily leads to the increased pathogenicity and changes of tissue tropism. The complexity of this etiology often makes the prevention and treatment of FURTD more difficult. Meanwhile, due to the similar symptoms caused by many pathogenic infections in cats, it is not possible to accurately determine the cause of the case solely based on clinical symptoms. To understand the characteristics of different pathogens and master detection methods specific for different pathogens are important to rapidly diagnose and provide efficient treatment strategies specific for FURTD. At present, lots of cases of FURTD caused by different pathogens are reported frequently. The diagnostic methods, treatments, and vaccine development for FURTD haven't been yet mature. Here, this article will systematically clarify the FURTD-associated emerging and remerging pathogens, diagnostic methods, treatment methods, and prevention and control measures, aiming to provide more ideas for the prevention and treatment of FURTD.

Key words: feline upper respiratory tract disease, pathogen, mixed infection, diagnostic methods

CLC Number:

S855.3

Fanyuan SUN, Yiting LIU, Xinyi GUO, Jiancai CHEN, Huabo ZHOU, Yifeng QIN, Kang OUYANG, Zuzhang WEI, Weijian HUANG, Ying CHEN. Pathogens, Diagnosis, and Prevention of Upper Respiratory Diseases in Cats[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(6): 2345-2356.

Figures/Tables 1

Table 1

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类别 Category	诊断方法 Diagnostic methods	优势 Advantages	劣势 Disadvantages
病原学诊断 Etiological diagnosis	病原分离培养	准确、“金标准”	耗时长、分离程序复杂
血清学诊断 Serodiagnosis	NA	特异性强、灵敏度高	耗时长、无法区分疫苗接种和自然感染
	ELISA试剂盒	操作方便简单、快捷、重复性好、特异性强、灵敏度高、可批量检测	无法区分疫苗接种和自然感染
	免疫荧光试验	操作简单快速、特异性强	易出现假阳性、敏感性较差
	胶体金免疫检测技术	操作简单、方便快捷、特异性强	易出现假阴性
传统分子生物学诊断 Traditional molecular biology diagnosis	常规PCR、RT-PCR	敏感性好、仪器成本较低	样本易污染、无法定量、操作繁琐
	NP-PCR	敏感性好，可检测微量样本	操作繁琐
	qPCR、RT-qPCR	操作简单、敏感性好、特异性高、可定量	使用标准曲线进行定量检测时误差较大、仪器成本高
	多重PCR	可同时快速检测多种病原	敏感性较低、易污染、仪器成本高、有一定专业要求
新型诊断方法 New diagnostic methods	SPR生物传感器	可完成实时动态监测、灵敏度高、高通量	专业要求较高、耗时长、仪器成本较高
	RAA、RPA、RAA/RPA-CRISPR/Cas、RPA-LFD、CPA	高效、快速、灵敏性好、稳定性高、结果可靠	仪器成本较高、专业要求较高
	LAMP	便捷高效、灵敏性好、仪器设备要求低	试剂成本高、易污染
	MALDI-TOF MS	快速、灵敏、准确、经济、分辨率高、对原始样本要求低	仪器设备成本高、可重复性较差、数据库尚不完善

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Pathogens, Diagnosis, and Prevention of Upper Respiratory Diseases in Cats

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