黄芪、淫羊藿、女贞子提取物和植物乳杆菌对高密度饲养条件下仔鹅生长的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.10.041

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aimed to establish a density stress model with a stocking density of 7 goslings per square meter. The effects of Astragalus, Epimedium, and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (AEF) extract and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) on body weight, immune function, antioxidant capacity, meat quality, intestinal morphology, and intestinal barrier integrity of goslings were investigated. The same batch of 42 one-month-old Ma′gang goslings were randomly divided into six groups: control group (c group), AEF treatment group (aef group), AEF and LP treatment group (aef+lp group), density stress group (s group), AEF and density stress group (s+aef group), and AEF, LP, density stress group (s+aef+lp group). The experiment lasted for 30 days. Goslings in the aef and s+aef groups were fed with 0.1 g ·mL^-1 AEF water solvent, goslings in the aef+lp and s+aef+lp groups were fed with 0.1 g ·mL^-1 AEF and 0.01 g ·mL^-1 LP water solvents once daily. The results indicated that supplementation with AEF only and supplemented with AEF and LP together alleviated stress-induced weight loss and reduced serum level of CORT and decreased the expression of inflammatory factors. Furthermore, addition of AEF and LP significantly enhanced relative mRNA expression of the tight junctional proteins Occludin in the jejunum. Intestinal morphology results showed that villi in the duodenum and jejunum of goslings were shorter and sparser under stress, and the villi height to crypt depth ratio (Vh/Cd) decreased significantly as well. Treatment with AEF and AEF+LP increased villus height and improved Vh/Cd in the small intestine. In summary, AEF and AEF+LP adding to the water enhanced gosling weight, immune performance, antioxidant capacity, and improved intestinal health under stress. These findings provide new insights for enhancing productivity and preventing stress in goslings.

Key words: Ma′gang goslings, density stress, immune performance, antioxidant capacity

CLC Number:

S835.5

QU Qing, SUN Yihong, ZHAO Xingchen, GAO Ming, ZHOU Shuo, WANG Wei. Effects of Astragalus, Epimedium, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi Extract and Lactobacillus plantarum on the Growth of Goslings under High-density Feeding Conditions[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(10): 5222-5231.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

The effects of AEF and AEF+LP on serum biochemical indicators of goslings under density stress (n=7)"

项目Item	组别Group						SEM	P值P-value
项目Item	c	aef	aef+lp	s	s+aef	s+aef+lp	SEM	P值P-value
血清钙/(mg·dL^-1) Serum Ca	2.49±0.06	2.48±0.19	2.32±0.20	2.34±0.34	3.24±1.22	2.54±0.11	0.116	0.2
丙氨酸氨基转移酶/(U·L^-1) ALT	15.88±1.06^AB	17.10±4.26^A	11.50±0.24^BC	17.35±4.68^A	10.40±2.96^C	9.07±2.11^C	0.882	0.002
血清碱性磷酸酶/(U·L^-1) ALP	910.98±255.05^A	724.15±71.16^AB	853.13±282.58^AB	324.77±183.97^C	551.70±148.21^BC	605.63±218.59^ABC	55.274	0.009
谷草转氨酶/(U·L^-1) AST	15.18±2.76	15.18±3.95	13.97±1.69	16.15±1.38	13.68±0.95	15.95±1.73	0.458	0.585
血清总蛋白/(g·L^-1) TP	47.55±7.60^CD	49.65±0.87^BCD	45.07±2.91^D	65.70±4.27^A	57.63±4.92^AB	55.65±8.50^BC	1.761	0.001
白蛋白/(g·dL^-1) ALB	16.18±0.92^A	15.88±0.76^A	13.58±1.46^B	13.00±1.60^B	16.73±0.59^A	16.68±0.82^A	0.367	< 0.001
球蛋白/(g·dL^-1) GLB	34.90±4.63^BC	34.25±1.22^BC	33.10±1.41^C	50.55±4.98^A	41.33±4.72^B	40.70±7.23^B	1.496	< 0.001
肝功能白球比例A/G	0.38±0.05^B	0.45±0.06^A	0.40±0.00^AB	0.28±0.05^C	0.40±0.00^AB	0.40±0.00^AB	0.013	< 0.001
甘油三酯/(mg·dL^-1) TG	0.91±0.18^a	0.93±0.39^a	0.61±0.06^ab	0.37±0.08^b	0.56±0.21^b	0.69±0.15^ab	0.056	0.010
总胆固醇/(mmol·L^-1) TC	3.58±0.61^C	3.70±0.43^C	3.59±0.34^C	5.51±0.74^A	4.33±0.36^BC	4.89±0.31^AB	0.176	< 0.001
肌酐/(mg·dL^-1) CREA-S	20.38±0.97^AB	21.45±1.91^AB	15.57±1.41^C	23.10±4.08^A	19.30±2.81^B	18.18±1.31^BC	0.655	0.005
尿素/(mmol·L^-1) UREA	0.21±0.14^b	0.38±0.02^a	0.23±0.04^b	0.39±0.09^a	0.29±0.09^ab	0.29±0.09^ab	0.021	0.033
肌酸激酶/(U·L^-1) CK	505.70±56.42^A	599.33±89.44^A	486.20±63.18^A	537.38±79.86^A	316.27±61.17^B	594.00±117.47^A	24.546	0.001
总胆红素/(vmol·L^-1) T-Bil-V	0.82±0.23^A	0.75±0.26^A	0.71±0.15^A	0.16±0.12^B	0.73±0.21^A	0.78±0.09^A	0.058	0.001
总胆汁酸/(μmol·L^-1) TBA	18.28±3.32^BC	20.82±3.51^BC	29.67±5.17^B	44.90±19.27^A	12.38±4.94^C	23.00±4.02^BC	2.679	0.001
乳酸脱氢酶/(IU·L^-1) LDH	181.67±14.94^B	199.13±35.64^B	183.18±13.40^B	262.20±36.28^A	196.10±36.16^B	250.83±30.47^A	8.562	0.003
磷/(mg·dL^-1) P	1.76±0.11^c	1.77±0.46^c	1.91±0.33^bc	2.40±0.17^a	2.26±0.13^ab	2.05±0.21^abc	0.069	0.01

Table 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

References 30

1	周景明, 黄华. 黑龙江省鹅产业SWOT分析与发展策略[J]. 中国禽业导刊, 2024, 41 (2): 29- 31.
	ZHOU J M , HUANG H . Analysis and development strategy of goose industry in Heilongjiang Province[J]. Guide to Chinese Poaltry, 2024, 41 (2): 29- 31.
2	HOFFMAN D J . Role of selenium toxicity and oxidative stress in aquatic birds[J]. Aquat Toxicol, 2002, 57 (1-2): 11- 26. doi: 10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00263-6
3	VANDANA G D , SEJIAN V , LEES A M , et al. Heat stress and poultry production: impact and amelioration[J]. Int J Biometeorol, 2021, 65 (2): 163- 179. doi: 10.1007/s00484-020-02023-7
4	ABDELLI N , SOLÀ-ORIOL D , PÉREZ J F . Phytogenic feed additives in poultry: achievements, prospective and challenges[J]. Animals (Basel), 2021, 11 (12): 3471.
5	SHEHATA A A , YALÇIN S , LATORRE J D , et al. Probiotics, prebiotics, and phytogenic substances for optimizing gut health in poultry[J]. Microorganisms, 2022, 10 (2): 395. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10020395
6	BILAL R M , HASSAN F U , FARAG M R , et al. Thermal stress and high stocking densities in poultry farms: potential effects and mitigation strategies[J]. J Therm Biol, 2021, 99, 102944. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102944
7	YIN L Y , WANG Z Y , YANG H M , et al. Effects of stocking density on growth performance, feather growth, intestinal development, and serum parameters of geese[J]. Poult Sci, 2017, 96 (9): 3163- 3168. doi: 10.3382/ps/pex136
8	ZHANG X , ZHOU S , LIANG Y , et al. Effects of Astragalus, Epimedium, and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi extractive on antioxidant capacity, production performance, and immune mechanism of breeding pigeons under stress[J]. Poult Sci, 2023, 102 (2): 102350. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102350
9	刘佳惠, 吴开开, 王磊, 等. 黄芪多糖、皂苷及益生菌复合物对感染大肠杆菌肉鸡肠道的保护作用[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55 (5): 2241- 2252. doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.05.041
	LIU J H , WU K K , WANG L , et al. Protective effects of Astragalus polysaccharides, saponins and probiotic compounds on intestinal tract of broilers infected with E.coli[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55 (5): 2241- 2252. doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.05.041
10	WANG J , WANG S , LIU H , et al. Effects of oligosaccharides on the growth and stress tolerance of Lactobacillus plantarum zlp001 in vitro, and the potential synbiotic effects of L. plantarum zlp001 and fructo-oligosaccharide in post-weaning piglets[J]. J Anim Sci, 2019, 97 (11): 4588- 4597. doi: 10.1093/jas/skz254
11	HU W , HE Z , DU L , et al. Biomarkers of oxidative stress in broiler chickens attacked by lipopolysaccharide: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2023, 266, 115606. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115606
12	HABASHY W S , MILFORT M C , REKAYA R , et al. Cellular antioxidant enzyme activity and biomarkers for oxidative stress are affected by heat stress[J]. Int J Biometeorol, 2019, 63 (12): 1569- 1584. doi: 10.1007/s00484-019-01769-z
13	ELAZAB S T , ELSHATER N S , KISHAWAY A , et al. Cinnamon extract and probiotic supplementation alleviate copper-induced nephrotoxicity via modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in broiler chickens[J]. Animals (Basel), 2021, 11 (6): 1609.
14	PAN L , MA X K , ZHAO P F , et al. Weeping forsythia extract alleviates dexamethasone-induced oxidative injury of breast muscles in broilers[J]. Animal, 2019, 13 (11): 2660- 2668. doi: 10.1017/S175173111900096X
15	WU H , YANG J , WANG S , et al. Effects of soybean isoflavone and astragalus polysaccharide mixture on colostrum components, serum antioxidant, immune and hormone levels of lactating sows[J]. Animals (Basel), 2021, 11 (1): 132.
16	XIANG Y , ZHANG J , LI H , et al. Epimedium polysaccharide alleviates polyglutamine-induced neurotoxicity in caenorhabditis elegans by reducing oxidative stress[J]. Rejuvenation Res, 2017, 20 (1): 32- 41. doi: 10.1089/rej.2016.1830
17	MA D , SHAN A , CHEN Z , et al. Effect of Ligustrum lucidum and Schisandra chinensis on the egg production, antioxidant status and immunity of laying hens during heat stress[J]. Arch Anim Nutr, 2005, 59 (6): 439- 447. doi: 10.1080/17450390500353499
18	CHEN K , LIU Y , CHENG Y , et al. Supplementation of Lactobacillus plantarum or Macleaya cordata extract alleviates oxidative damage induced by weaning in the lower gut of young goats[J]. Animals (Basel), 2020, 10 (4): 548.
19	ATTIA Y A , HASSAN R A , QOTA E M . Recovery from adverse effects of heat stress on slow-growing chicks in the tropics 1:Effect of ascorbic acid and different levels of betaine[J]. Trop Anim Health Prod, 2009, 41 (5): 807- 818. doi: 10.1007/s11250-008-9256-9
20	XUETING L , REHMAN M U , ZHANG H , et al. Protective effects of nano-elemental selenium against chromium-vi-induced oxidative stress in broiler liver[J]. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents, 2018, 32 (1): 47- 54.
21	XU H , LI Y M , YI Y , et al. The effect of the platelet administration for the patients with liver dysfunction after liver resection: Preliminary clinical trial[J]. Case Rep Gastrointest Med, 2021, 2021, 9948854.
22	ZHANG X , ZHAO Q , CI X , et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of chlorogenic acid in reducing small intestine injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation in chickens challenged with clostridium perfringens type a[J]. Poult Sci, 2020, 99 (12): 6606- 6618. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.082
23	HUANG Z , YE Y , XU A , et al. Effects of Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides on growth performance, physiological and biochemical parameters, and expression of genes related to lipid metabolism of spotted sea bass, Lateolabrax maculatus[J]. Aquac Nutr, 2023, 2023, 6191330.
24	JUNG J Y , PARK S M , KO H L , et al. Epimedium koreanum ameliorates oxidative stress-mediated liver injury by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2[J]. Am J Chin Med, 2018, 46 (2): 469- 488. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X18500246
25	LIN H M , YEN F L , NG L T , et al. Protective effects of ligustrum lucidum fruit extract on acute butylated hydroxytoluene-induced oxidative stress in rats[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2007, 111 (1): 129- 136. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.11.004
26	FORTE C , MOSCATI L , ACUTI G , et al. Effects of dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis on laying performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry and immune response of organic laying hens[J]. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl), 2016, 100 (5): 977- 987. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12408
27	GAO Y , LIU Y , MA F , et al. Lactobacillus plantarum y44 alleviates oxidative stress by regulating gut microbiota and colonic barrier function in BALB/c mice with subcutaneous d-galactose injection[J]. Food Funct, 2021, 12 (1): 373- 386. doi: 10.1039/D0FO02794D
28	WANG J , XUE X , LIU Q , et al. Effects of duration of thermal stress on growth performance, serum oxidative stress indices, the expression and localization of abcg2 and mitochondria ros production of skeletal muscle, small intestine and immune organs in broilers[J]. J Therm Biol, 2019, 85, 102420. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102420
29	GU Y F , CHEN Y P , JIN R , et al. Dietary chitooligosaccharide supplementation alleviates intestinal barrier damage, and oxidative and immunological stress in lipopolysaccharide-challenged laying hens[J]. Poult Sci, 2022, 101 (4): 101701. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101701
30	LIAO L , LI J , LI J , et al. Effects of astragalus polysaccharides on intestinal morphology and intestinal immune cells of muscovy ducklings infected with muscovy duck reovirus[J]. Poult Sci, 2021, 100 (1): 64- 72. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.021

引物名称Primer name	引物序列(5′→3′) Primer(5′→3′)	引物长度/bp Product length
β-actin	Forward：CCAAAGCCAACAGAGAGAAGATGAC Reverse：TAACACCATCACCAGAGTCCATCAC	144
TNF-α	Forward：GTTCTATGACCGCCCAGTTC Reverse：CACACGACAGCCAAGTCAA	101
TJP1	Forward：AGACCATTCCAGACATTCTCCACAG Reverse：CGCCTGCCACCTCTTCCATAG	146
Occludin	Forward：TGCTCTGCCTCATCTGCTTCTTC Reverse：CGTTCTTCACCCACTCCTCCAC	132
SOD1	Forward：CATCTCTCTGACTGGACCACACTG Reverse：AGTTAGCGTGCTCTCGTTATCTCC	103
TGF-β	Forward：TCATCTCCATCTACAACAGCACCAG Reverse：GCATAATACTCCTCGTCGCTCCTC	100

[1]	TAN Dayan, WANG Qingxiang, MAO Xiangbing, FAN Xiangqi, YANG Heng, HUANG Bing, ZHANG Feiran, WANG Jianping. Effects of Theabrownin and Tea Polyphenols on the Antioxidant Capacity of Liver in the Rats Fed Oxidized Fish Oil [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(9): 4519-4528.
[2]	HUO Zhen, ZHUANG Lei, ZHOU Wei, WANG Shuaiqin, XIE Ming, HOU Shuisheng, HOU Shuisheng. Effects of Dietary Folic Acid Levels on Production Performance, Plasma Biochemical Indicators and Antioxidant Capacity of Pekin Ducks from 1 to 21 Days of Age [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(7): 3327-3334.
[3]	ZHANG Yu, WANG Qiru, SHI Xinchao, GUO Ziming, HE Xin, ZHANG Tie, ZHAO Xinghua. Effects of Magnolol Solid Dispersion on Growth Performance, Serum Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Microbiome of Calves [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(2): 943-952.
[4]	HU Xiuzhen, ZHOU Mengting, ZHANG Fan, LIU Zihao, TANG Xiangfang, XIONG Benhai. Effects of Inulin on Production, Immunity, Antioxidant Performance and Hormone Levels in Heat-stressed Dairy Cows [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(10): 5018-5029.
[5]	Xiaoxiu ZHAN, Pengyu LIU, Xiao'e XIANG, Shengyong MAO, Wei JIN. Effects of Methanomassiliicoccus DZ1 on Serum Trimethylamine-N-oxide and Inflammatory Factors, Liver Antioxidant Capacity and Cecum Microbiota in Mice [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(10): 4679-4689.
[6]	LIU Yankun, LUO Runbo, LIN Yan, ZHU Weiyun. Effects of Phage Cocktail on Growth Performance, Blood Parameters and Fecal Microbiota of Weaned Piglets [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(4): 1555-1567.
[7]	WANG Ruixiu, CHEN Zhongwei, LIU Qiang, ZHUANG Su. Effects of Synbiotics on Meat Quality, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Function of Cherry Valley Ducks [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2021, 52(9): 2522-2533.
[8]	YU Yingmei, SHI Xuan, OUYANG Jingxin, LIU Sanfeng, LI Guanhong. Effects of Puerarin on Intestinal Barrier Function and Antioxidant Capacity of Broilers Fed with Oxidized Soybean Oil [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2021, 52(12): 3512-3523.
[9]	LIU Ming, ZHANG Lei, AN Xiaopeng, ZHANG Enping, SONG Yuxuan. Effects of Different Ammonia Concentrations on Growth Performance, Immunity and Antioxidant Capacity of Beef Cattle [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2020, 51(11): 2757-2764.
[10]	PENG Xiaokun, ZHAO Tian, HUANG Xiaoyu, ZHANG Yu, XING Xiaonan, ZHANG Enping. Effects of Acute Heat Stress on Blood Biochemistry Indices and Expression of HSP70 Family Genes in Blood Lymphocytes in Goats [J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2019, 50(6): 1219-1229.
[11]	FAN Yi-xuan, DENG Kai-ping, TANTAI Wen-jing, HUANG Xin-ai, WANG Feng, CHEN Ming. Effect of Selenium Yeast in Containing PUFAs Dietary on Fatty Acid Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Hu Lambs [J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2018, 49(8): 1661-1673.
[12]	DIAO Hua-jie, FENG Jing-hai, WANG Xue-jie, DIAO Xin-ping. Effect of Cyclic High Temperature on Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Function of Laying Hens [J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2017, 48(6): 1044-1053.
[13]	DING Ya-nan, ZHAO Yue-xiang, WANG Ling-xia, HAN Jin-feng, SONG Ze-he, HU Gui-li, LI Guan-ya, FAN Zhi-yong. Effects of Resveratrol on the Growth, Blood Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Capacity of Rats Fed with High Fat Diet [J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2017, 48(11): 2216-2224.
[14]	LI Wen-xiang，Lü Lin，ZHU Yong-wen，ZHANG Li-yang，LUO Xu-gang. Effect of Dietary Zinc on Laying Performance，Hatching Performance of Eggs and Plasma Antioxidant Capacity of Broiler Breeder Hens under Different Temperatures [J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2015, 46(10): 1791-1805.
[15]	LIN Chang-guang, LIN Jin-yu, LIU Dong-xia, DU Jing-de, LIN Zao-you, CHEN Wen-huan, ZHENG Jin-gui. Effect of Different Selenium Sources on Growth Performance, Plasma Selenium Content and Anti-oxidative Capacity in Weaned Piglets [J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2013, 44(11): 1790-1796.

Effects of Astragalus, Epimedium, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi Extract and Lactobacillus plantarum on the Growth of Goslings under High-density Feeding Conditions

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 7

References 30

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments