畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (1): 464-475.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.041

• 基础兽医 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆地区奶牛乳腺炎肺炎克雷伯菌的分离鉴定与耐药性分析

蔡扩军1,2(), 徐敏1,3, 孙鹏亮3, 夏利宁2, 赵红琼2()   

  1. 1.乌鲁木齐市动物疾病控制与诊断中心,乌鲁木齐 830063
    2.新疆农业大学动物医学学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
    3.新疆维吾尔自治区奶业协会,乌鲁木齐 830063
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-14 出版日期:2026-01-23 发布日期:2026-01-26
  • 通讯作者: 赵红琼 E-mail:646274982@qq.com;zhaohongqiong@sina.com
  • 作者简介:蔡扩军,正高级兽医师,博士,主要从事动物疫病防控及奶业研究,E-mail:646274982@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”培养计划(2022TSYCJC0019);新疆维吾尔自治区奶产业技术体系(XJARS-11)

Isolation, Identification and Drug Resistance Analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Dairy Cow Mastitis in Xinjiang

CAI Kuojun1,2(), XU Min1,3, SUN Pengliang3, XIA Lining2, ZHAO Hongqiong2()   

  1. 1.Urumqi Animal Disease Control and Diagnosis Center,Urumqi 830063,China
    2.College of Veterinary Medicine,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China
    3.Xinjiang Dairy Association,Urumqi 830063,China
  • Received:2025-01-14 Online:2026-01-23 Published:2026-01-26
  • Contact: ZHAO Hongqiong E-mail:646274982@qq.com;zhaohongqiong@sina.com

摘要:

旨在了解新疆地区奶牛乳腺炎肺炎克雷伯菌的流行情况与耐药特性。本研究从新疆奶牛集约化养殖集中的9个地区采集15个规模奶牛养殖场奶牛2 083份临床乳腺炎和隐性乳腺炎奶样,对样品中的肺炎克雷伯菌进行分离培养、革兰染色,并采用PCR及16S rRNA测序进行鉴定,对分离菌株采用微量肉汤稀释法检测耐药情况。结果表明,从奶样中分离出266株肺炎克雷伯菌,分离率为12.8%(266/2 083),临床乳腺炎和隐性乳腺炎奶样肺炎克雷伯菌分离率无显著差异(P>0.05)。采用微量肉汤稀释法测定266个分离株对16种抗菌药物的敏感性及产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)情况,结果显示分离株对四环素、头孢噻呋、头孢吡肟、头孢噻肟和头孢唑林的耐药率较高(23.7%~41.0%)。16.9%(45/266)的分离株为多重耐药菌,6.4%(17/266)的分离株产ESBLs。结果提示,新疆15家规模化奶牛场乳腺炎肺炎克雷伯菌平均分离率在全国处于相对较低水平。分离株对四环素和头孢类抗菌药物具有较强的耐药性,本研究为掌握奶牛乳腺炎肺炎克雷伯菌的流行特征及指导临床用药提供了依据。

关键词: 奶牛乳腺炎, 肺炎克雷伯菌, 分离鉴定, 耐药特性

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to understand the prevalence and drug resistance characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae in dairy cow mastitis in Xinjiang. Two thousand and eighty-three milk samples of dairy cows with clinical mastitis or subclinical mastitis were collected from 15 large-scale dairy farms in 9 areas of intensive dairy farming in Xinjiang. Klebsiella pneumoniae in the samples was isolated and cultured, Gram stained. PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing were conducted to identified the isolated strains, and the drug resistance of the isolated strains was detected by micro-broth dilution method. The results showed that 266 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from the milk samples, and the isolation rate was 12.8% (266/2 083).There was no significant difference in the isolation rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae between clinical mastitis and subclinical mastitis (P>0.05). The sensitivity of 266 isolates to 16 antimicrobial agents and the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) were determined by broth microdilution method. The results showed that the resistance rates of the isolates to tetracycline, ceftiofur, cefepime, cefotaxime and cefazolin were high (23.7%-41.0%). And 16.9% (45/266) of the isolates were multidrug-resistant bacteria, and 6.4% (17/266) of the isolates produced ESBLs. The results suggest that the average separation rate of mastitis Klebsiella pneumoniae in 15 large-scale dairy farms in Xinjiang is at a relatively low level in the whole country. The isolated strains had strong resistance to tetracycline and cephalosporin antibiotics. This study provided a basis for mastering the epidemiological characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae in dairy cow mastitis and guiding clinical medication.

Key words: dairy cow mastitis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, isolation and identification, drug resistance characteristics

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