发酵菜籽粕在生长育肥猪上的营养价值评定

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2020.03.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究旨在评定固态发酵菜籽粕（fermented rapeseed meal，FRSM）在生长育肥猪上的营养价值。将16头体重为（71.25±1.23）kg的健康"杜×长×大"去势公猪随机分到4个处理，每个处理4个重复，每个重复1头猪，4个处理组分别饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮、菜籽粕（rapeseed meal，RSM）饲粮、发酵菜籽粕（fermented rapeseed meal，FRSM）饲粮（分别等氮替代基础饲粮35%的氮）以及无氮饲粮。代谢试验预试期3 d，正式期4 d，采用全收粪尿法测定养分消化率。结果表明：1）发酵菜籽粕混合物发酵后较发酵前pH下降了1.68，粗蛋白质（CP）、水溶性蛋白质（WSP）、酸溶性蛋白质（ASP）和粗脂肪（EE）的含量分别提高了1.91%、52.88%、44.40%和24.27%，17种氨基酸含量均有所提高；中性洗涤纤维（NDF）降低了5.21%；异硫氰酸酯（ITC）和噁唑烷硫酮（OZT）的降解率分别达到92.20%和100.00%，单宁和植酸含量分别降低了35.81%和24.22%。2）FRSM干物质的表观消化率为75.28%，显著高于RSM（P<0.05）；FRSM的消化能、氮表观（真）消化率和氮表观（真）利用率分别为13.84 MJ·kg^-1、70.89%（72.84%）和68.12%（71.12%），均极显著高于RSM（P<0.01）；FRSM的钙、磷和粗灰分的表观消化率与RSM差异不显著（P>0.05）。3）FRSM氨基酸（除半胱氨酸外）的表观（真）消化率均显著或极显著高于RSM（P<0.05或P<0.01）。综上，通过双菌固态发酵菜籽粕，降低了抗营养因子的含量，提高了菜籽粕在生长育肥猪上的养分消化率和利用率，有效地改善了菜籽粕的饲用价值。

关键词: 发酵菜籽粕, 生长育肥猪, 养分消化率, 氮利用率

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional value of solid-state fermentation rapeseed meal(FRSM) by metabolic test in growing-finishing pigs. Sixteen healthy Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire crossbred barrows with initial body weight of (71.25±1.23) kg were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments,with 4 replicates per treatment and 1 pig per repeat. The 4 diets were corn-soybean meal basal diet, rapeseed meal (RSM) diet, fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) diet (35% nitrogen(N) of basal diet were substituted by RSM or FRSM) and N-free diet. In order to evaluate the nutritional value of fermented rapeseed meal, the metabolic trial lasted for 7 days, the adaptation period was 3 days and the formal period was 4 days.All feces and urine were collected during formal period in order to determine the digestibility of nutrients. Results showed that:1)The pH of fermented rapeseed meal mixture decreased by 1.68 after fermentation, and the contents of crude protein(CP), water-soluble protein(WSP), acid-soluble protein(ASP) and crude fat(EE) increased by 1.91%, 52.88%, 44.40% and 24.27%, respectively; The contents of 17 amino acids were increased. The neutral detergent fiber(NDF) of FRSM decreased by 5.21%; Isothiocyanate(ITC) degradation rate was 92.20%, oxazolidinone(OZT) degradation rate was 100.00%; Tannin and phytic acid decreased by 35.81% and 24.22%, respectively. 2) The apparent digestibility of dry matter of FRSM was 75.28%, which was significantly higher than that of RSM (P<0.05);Digestible energy, nitrogen apparent (true) digestibility and nitrogen apparent (true) availability of FRSM were 13.84 MJ·kg^-1, 70.89% (72.84%) and 68.12% (71.12%), respectively, which were all extremely significantly higher than those of RSM(P<0.01). The apparent digestibility of calcium, phosphorus and crude ash were not significant different between FRSM and RSM (P>0.05). 3) All amino acids (except cysteine) apparent (true) digestibility of FRSM were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of RSM (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In summary, by solid state fermentation of RSM with two bacteria, the content of anti-nutritional factors were reduced, the nutrient digestibility and utilization rate of rapeseed meal were increased, and the feeding value of rapeseed meal was effectively improved in growing-finishing pigs.

Key words: fermented rapeseed meal, growing-finishing pigs, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen availability

中图分类号:

S816.6

周晓容, 孙佩佩, 刘志云, 钟晓霞, 刘作华, 杨飞云. 发酵菜籽粕在生长育肥猪上的营养价值评定[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2020, 51(3): 524-533.

ZHOU Xiaorong, SUN Peipei, LIU Zhiyun, ZHONG Xiaoxia, LIU Zuohua, YANG Feiyun. Evaluation of Nutritional Value of Fermented Rapeseed Meal in Growing-finishing Pigs[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2020, 51(3): 524-533.

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