畜禽粪污源抗生素抗性基因的水平转移研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.09.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 畜牧业中兽用抗生素使用量占比超过全球抗生素使用量的50%，抗生素的滥用会使畜禽肠道中产生大量的抗生素耐药菌群，并会作为抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes，ARGs)的宿主随粪尿排出体外，由此ARGs成为环境中抗生素抗性的重要来源。畜禽源ARGs主要以粪污形式进入环境，通过水平基因转移(horizontal gene transfer，HGT)加剧其对环境生物的威胁。本文系统地介绍了有关畜禽粪污源ARGs水平转移的研究进展，首先阐述了畜禽粪污是环境中抗生素和ARGs重要来源，其次总结了由转化、转导、接合转移和外膜囊泡运输(outer membrane vesicles，OMVs)几种主要的HGT方式所导致的ARGs在环境中的传播；探讨了抗生素、重金属、有机污染物及微/纳塑料等环境中影响ARGs水平转移的因素；指出目前常用的研究水平基因转移的技术手段。本文总结了畜禽粪污源中的新型环境污染物ARGs在畜禽相关环境中的传播现状，可为畜禽粪污源ARGs的污染防治研究提供扎实的理论依据。

关键词: 畜禽粪污, 抗生素抗性基因, 水平转移, 影响因素, 研究技术

Abstract: The use of antibiotics in livestock and poultry farming accounts for more than 50% of the global antibiotic use, and the antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) from livestock and poultry farms are one of the important sources of environmental antibiotic resistance. The primary reason is that ARGs could enter the environment carried by livestock and poultry manure. Their threat is manifested through the transmission of horizontal gene transfer (HGT), which impacts other environmental microorganisms. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research advancements related to the HGT of ARGs derived from livestock manure. Firstly, this review elaborates that fecal matter is a significant source of antibiotis and ARGs in the environment, then summarizes the four pathways of HGT which leads to the environmental spread of ARGs, including conjugative transfer, transduction, transformation, and transport via outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). The important factors (antibiotics, heavy metals, organic pollutants and micro/nanoplasties, etc.) affecting the HGT of ARGs in the environment is also discussed. Finally, some current recent research techniques for HGT is listed as well. This paper summarizes the current status of ARGs, emerging environmental pollutants from livestock and poultry manure sources, which can provide solid theoretical basis for the research on pollution control of ARGs in livestock and poultry manure sources.

Key words: livestock and poultry manure, antibiotic resistance genes, horizonal gene transfer, influencing factors, research technology

中图分类号:

X503

杨鑫, 王绍宇, 童畅, 彭志弢, 蔡圣煌, 黄俊雄, 胥娇娇, 温馨, 吴银宝. 畜禽粪污源抗生素抗性基因的水平转移研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(9): 4279-4293.

YANG Xin, WANG Shaoyu, TONG Chang, PENG Zhitao, CAI Shenghuang, HUANG Junxiong, XU Jiaojiao, WEN Xin, WU Yinbao. Research Progress on the Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes from Livestock and Poultry Manure[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(9): 4279-4293.

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