2017—2023年我国猪圆环病毒3型的遗传变异分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.06.029

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在了解近年来我国猪圆环病毒3型(porcine circovirus type 3, PCV3)的分子流行病学特征和遗传变异情况。本研究选取GenBank数据库中168个国内(收录于2017—2023年)和9个国外PCV3基因组序列，利用生物信息学软件对其进行系统发育树构建、核苷酸同源性比对、氨基酸序列比对、抗原表位预测以及基因重组等分析，以期阐明PCV3在我国的传播及遗传进化规律。结果显示，我国PCV3的基因型可被划分为两个亚型，即PCV3a和PCV3b，且PCV3a和PCV3b均可进一步划分为不同的基因簇：PCV3a-1~PCV3a-3和PCV3b-1~PCV3b-5，其中PCV3a-1和PCV3b-2数量最多，占比最高；177个PCV3的全基因组序列相似性在98.3%~100%之间，其ORF2基因编码的氨基酸序列存在3个主要的点突变区，无碱基缺失和插入等情况。此外，基因重组分析表明，这些PCV3全基因组序列之间仅存在1个可能的重组事件，说明目前我国PCV3流行的基因型处于一个相对稳定的阶段。综上，本研究通过严格标准界定寻找到一种未来很可能被广泛认可的基因分型方法，且基于这种基因分型方法再对2017—2023年我国PCV3的遗传变异情况进行分析时所得到的结果较为可靠，这一结果不仅为未来PCV3的遗传变异分析研究提供了统一框架，更为进一步揭示PCV3的分子流行病学特征、遗传多样性和疫苗设计及防控策略的制定提供了基础资料。

关键词: 猪圆环病毒3型, 遗传变异分析, 系统发育树, 重组分析

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to understand the molecular epidemiological characteristics and genetic variation of porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) in China in recent years. In this study, 168 domestic (collected from 2017 to 2023) and 9 foreign PCV3 genome sequences were selected from GenBank database, and their phylogenetic tree construction, nucleotide homology comparison, amino acid sequence comparison, epitope prediction and gene recombination were analyzed by bioinformatics software, in order to clarify the transmission and genetic evolution law of PCV3 in China. The results showed that the genotypes of PCV3 in China can be divided into two subtypes, namely, PCV3a and PCV3b, and both of them can be further divided into different gene clusters: PCV3a-1~PCV3a-3 and PCV3b-1~PCV3b-5, among which PCV3a-1 and PCV3b-2 have the largest number and the highest proportion. The whole genome sequence similarity of 177 PCV3 is between 98.3% and 100%, and there are three main point mutation regions in the amino acid sequence encoded by ORF2 gene, without base deletion and insertion. In addition, the analysis of gene recombination shows that there is only one possible recombination event between these whole genome sequences of PCV3, which indicates that the prevalent genotypes of PCV3 in China are in a relatively stable stage. This study found a genotyping method that is likely to be widely recognized in the future through strict standard definition, and based on this genotyping method, the results obtained when analyzing the genetic variation of PCV3 in China from 2017 to 2023 are reliable, which not only provides a unified framework for the future research on genetic variation of PCV3, but also provides basic data for further revealing the molecular epidemiological characteristics, genetic diversity, vaccine design and prevention and control strategies of PCV3.

Key words: porcine circovirus type 3, genetic evolution analysis, phylogenetic tree, reorganization analysis

中图分类号:

S852.65

王妍, 黄焮榆, 吴桂莹, 吴婉萍, 吕其壮. 2017—2023年我国猪圆环病毒3型的遗传变异分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(6): 2857-2867.

WANG Yan, HUANG Xinyu, WU Guiying, WU Wanping, Lü Qizhuang. Genetic Variation Analysis of Porcine Circovirus Type 3 in China from 2017 to 2023[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(6): 2857-2867.

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年份 Year	不同亚型检测率/% Detection rate of different gene subtype
年份 Year	3a-1	3a-2	3a-3	3b-1	3b-2	3b-3	3b-4	3b-5
2017	12.31	30.77	1.54	1.54	1.54	30.77	6.15	15.38
2018	21.95	31.71	2.44	4.88	4.88	17.07	9.76	9.76
2019	23.53	41.18	5.88	0.00	17.65	0.00	0.00	11.76
2020	23.08	7.70	0.00	0.00	69.23	0.00	0.00	0.00
2021	12.50	25.00	0.00	12.50	0.00	25.00	0.00	25.00
2022	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	20.00	0.00	20.00	60.00
2023	73.68	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	21.05	0.00	5.26
总计 Total	22.62	25.60	1.79	23.81	9.52	19.64	5.36	13.10

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