猪精子耐冻性与脂肪酸组成的研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.04.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究影响猪精子耐冻性的原因，本研究使用10头18~24月龄健康的长白公猪采集精液，检测筛选出的高、低耐冻性组精液冷冻解冻后的精子活力、顶体和质膜完整性、ATP水平、膜流动性水平及精子中脂肪酸含量。结果表明，高耐冻性组精液解冻后的精子活率、活力、曲线速度、直线速度、顶体和质膜完整性、ATP水平、高膜流动性水平均显著高于低耐冻性组(P < 0.05)。高耐冻性组精子中的油酸、亚油酸等长链脂肪酸含量同样显著高于低耐冻性组精子(P < 0.05)。低耐冻性组精液中添加0.1%脂质混合物冷冻解冻后精子活率、活力、直线速度、鞭打频率、顶体和质膜完整性、ATP水平、高膜流动性水平相比于对照组显著升高(P < 0.05)。综上所述，本研究通过检测猪精子解冻前后的各种质量指标，发现猪精子耐冻性出现差异可能是由于精子中的长链脂肪酸含量不同所导致，并且可以通过补充外源性脂肪酸进一步提高猪冷冻精液的质量，为进一步完善猪冷冻精液制作体系提供了试验依据。

关键词: 猪精液, 耐冻能力, 冷冻保存

Abstract:

In order to investigate the factors affecting the freezing tolerance of boar sperm, this study collected semen from 10 healthy Landrace boars aged 18-24 months old. The sperm motility, acrosome and membrane integrity, ATP levels, membrane fluidity, and fatty acid content of the semen in the good and poor freezing tolerance groups were detected after freezing and thawing. The results showed that the sperm total motility, progressive motility, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, acrosome and membrane integrity, ATP level, and high membrane fluidity level of the thawed semen in the good freezing tolerance group were significantly higher than those in the poor freezing tolerance group (P < 0.05). The content of long-chain fatty acids such as oleic acid and linoleic acid in the sperm of the good freezing tolerance group was also significantly higher than that of the poor freezing tolerance group (P < 0.05). The sperm motility, progressive motility, linear velocity, frequency, acrosome integrity and membrane integrity, ATP level, and high membrane fluidity level in the treatment with 0.1% lipid mixture addition into semen of poor freezing tolerance group were significantly increased when compared to the those in control group (P < 0.05). In summary, this study detected boar sperm parameters before and after thawing, and found that the difference in freezing resistance of boar sperm may be due to the different content of long-chain fatty acids in sperm. Moreover, supplementing exogenous fatty acids can further improve the quality of boar post-thaw sperm, thus, it provided experimental basis for further improving the boar frozen semen production system.

Key words: boar sperm, freeze resistance ability, cryopreservation

中图分类号:

S828.3

张鸿岩, 王善鹏, 曹海梁, 闵令江, 周开锋, 朱振东. 猪精子耐冻性与脂肪酸组成的研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(4): 1755-1767.

ZHANG Hongyan, WANG Shanpeng, CAO Hailiang, MIN Lingjiang, ZHOU Kaifeng, ZHU Zhendong. Study on Freeze Resistance and Fatty Acid Composition of Boar Sperm[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(4): 1755-1767.

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参数 Parameter	GFE	PFE
活率/% TM	93.80±0.24	90.65±2.33
活力/% PM	39.64±1.42	38.30±2.67
曲线速度/(μm·s^-1 )VCL	124.90±4.62	129.45±3.77
直线速度/(μm·s^-1 )VSL	34.39±0.74^a	32.72±1.59^b
平均路径速度/(μm·s^-1 )VAP	62.83±2.51	61.14±1.98
鞭打频率/Hz BCF	39.18±2.14	40.67±1.54
头部侧向位移幅度/μm ALH	7.53±0.76	7.02±0.42
直线指数/% STR	59.98±0.81	56.07±1.92
线性指数/% LIN	30.76±0.51	28.77±0.48
振动指数/% WOB	47.69±0.64	50.30±0.71

参数 Parameter	GFE	PFE
活率/% TM	63.00±0.15^a	34.91±2.33^b
活力/% PM	29.14±2.51^a	13.90±1.94^b
曲线速度/(μm·s^-1 )VCL	104.97±8.70^a	95.45±2.89^b
直线速度/(μm·s^-1 )VSL	35.35±2.12^a	30.22±1.47^b
平均路径速度/(μm·s^-1 )VAP	52.72±3.67	46.21±1.76
鞭打频率/Hz BCF	43.19±1.82	39.06±1.11
头部侧向位移幅度/μm ALH	7.42±0.35	6.88±0.12
直线指数/% STR	62.54±0.22	63.56±0.19
线性指数/% LIN	32.40±0.64	32.53±0.36
振动指数/% WOB	49.78±0.49	49.42±0.35

脂肪酸 Fatty acid	精子活率 Sperm total motility	P值 P-value
C22:5N6	0.841^*	0.036
C22:0	0.849^*	0.032
C18:3N3	0.847^*	0.033
C18:2N6	0.837^*	0.038
C18:1N9C	0.836^*	0.038
C16:1	0.863^*	0.027

处理 Treatment	0%LM	0.01%LM	0.1%LM	1%LM
活率/% TM	38.27±1.52^b	41.28±1.17^b	51.53±1.46^a	37.16±1.93^c
活力/% PM	20.46±0.88^b	22.19±1.42^b	33.74±0.92^a	20.53±1.45^c
曲线速度/(μm·s^-1 )VCL	111.14±4.51^a	103.76±2.32^b	114.50±3.18^a	102.82±3.72^b
直线速度/(μm·s^-1 )VSL	40.16±1.73^b	39.71±2.01^b	44.32±0.87^a	36.31±1.24^c
平均路径速度/(μm·s^-1 )VAP	56.45±1.33^a	56.65±1.61^a	58.69±1.28^a	51.27±1.57^b
鞭打频率/Hz BCF	44.61±1.16^b	45.17±0.96^b	47.21±1.42^a	45.29±1.17^b
头部侧向位移幅度/μm LH	6.79±0.56^ab	6.45±0.85^b	7.36±0.15^a	6.07±0.74^b
直线指数/% STR	67.12±2.32	67.55±1.52	68.24±1.64	68.92±2.37
线性指数/% LIN	37.70±1.14^ab	38.69±0.76^a	38.15±1.21^a	34.80±0.67^b
振动指数/% WOB	52.38±1.62	50.14±1.37	51.97±1.42	49.82±1.52

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