反刍动物初乳microRNA组成和功能研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.01.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

反刍动物初乳中含有丰富的生物活性成分，其中microRNA是一类非编码RNA，可在转录后水平调节基因的表达，对于母体乳腺以及幼龄反刍动物肠道发育具有重要的调控作用。近年来，反刍动物初乳microRNA组成和功能的研究开始受到关注，本文综述了反刍动物初乳中microRNA的来源、组成及其影响因素、功能，以及目前研究的局限性和未来的研究方向，为生产高品质初乳，提高母仔一体化培育水平提供理论支撑。

关键词: 反刍动物, 初乳, microRNA, 胞外囊泡

Abstract:

The colostrum of ruminants encompasses abundant bioactive components, of which microRNAs are kind of non-coding RNAs that can regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and play important roles in regulating development of the mother's mammary gland and gastrointestinal tract of young ruminants. In recent years, studies on the profile and function of microRNAs derived from ruminant colostrum have attracted attention. In this review, the source, composition, influencing factors, and function of microRNA in ruminant colostrum as well as the limitations of current studies and future research directions were summarized, with an aim to provide theoretical support for the production of high-quality colostrum and improve integrated mother-neonate cultivation level.

Key words: ruminant, colostrum, microRNA, extracellular vesicles

中图分类号:

S823.91

孙同玉, 马涛. 反刍动物初乳microRNA组成和功能研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(1): 74-81.

SUN Tongyu, MA Tao. Research Progress on Composition and Function of Colostral MicroRNA in Ruminants[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(1): 74-81.

图/表 3

表 1

不同反刍动物初乳研究中相对丰度排名前10的microRNA"

品种 Breed	胎次 Parity	相对丰度排名前10的microRNA Top 10 most abundant microRNA	MicroRNA数量 Amount of microRNA	初乳收集时间 Collection time of colostrum	文献 References
荷斯坦奶牛 Holstein	2~4胎次 Second to fourth parity	miR-148a-3p, miR-27b-3p, miR-let-7a-5p, miR-26a-5p	——	产后8 h内 Within 8 h after parturition	[17]^*
荷斯坦奶牛 Holstein	经产 Multi-parity	miR-30a, miR-148a, let-7a, miR-181a, let-7f, miR-26a, miR-22, miR-92a, miR-21, miR-30d	343	产后24 h内 Within 24 h postpartum	[3]
荷斯坦奶牛 Holstein	——	bta-let-7b, bta-miR-3596, bta-miR-99a-5p, bta-miR-148a, bta-miR-26a, bta-miR-26c, bta-let-7a-5p, bta-miR-30a-5p, bta-miR-21-5p, bta-miR-30d	299	产后1~2 d 1-2 postpartum days	[34]
东安纳托利亚红牛 Dogu Anadolu Kirmizisi (DAK)	——	bta-miR-21-5p, bta-miR-451, bta-miR-143, bta-miR-148a, bta-let-7i, bta-miR-320a, bta-miR-26a, bta-miR-26c, bta-miR-99a-5p, bta-miR-1	269	产后1~2 d 1-2 d postpartum	[34]
荷斯坦奶牛 Holstein	——	let-7a, let-7b, let-7c, let-7f, miR-15b, miR-20a, miR-24, miR-26a, miR-27b, miR-29b	100	产后3 d内 Within 3 d postpartum	[18]^*
安格斯牛、赫里福德牛、安格斯×赫里福德牛 Angus, Hereford, Angus× Hereford	初产经产混合 Mixed	let-7b, let-7a-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-148a, miR-21-5p, miR-200a, miR-141, let-7f, miR-26a, miR-200c	389	——	[30]
荷斯坦奶牛 Holstein	——	bta-miR-26a, bta-miR-30a-5p, bta-miR181a, bta-let-7a-5p, bta-miR-22-3p, bta-miR-191, bta-miR-148a, bta-let-7f, bta-miR-27b, bta-miR-182	——	产后3 d内 Within 3 d postpartum	[29]
——	——	let-7b, miR-30a, let-7a, let-7c, miR-21, miR-103, miR-25, miR-320a, miR-107, miR-423-5p	230	产后7 d内 Within 7 d postpartum	[26]
瑞士褐牛 Brown Swiss cows	经产 Multi-parity	bta-miR-30a-5p, bta-miR-21-5p, bta-miR-148a, bta-miR-200a, bta-miR-200b, bta-miR-99a-5p, bta-miR-26a, bta-let-7f, bta-let-7g, bta-let-7a-5p	141	产后立即收集 Immediately after parturition	[27]
荷斯坦奶牛 Holstein	——	bta-mir-10, bta-mir-125b, bta-mir-150, bta-mir-223, bta-mir-24-1, bta-mir-93	——	产后1~2 d 1-2 d postpartum	[14]^*
——	——	miR-24, miR-30d, miR-93, miR-106a, miR-181a, miR-200a, miR-451	——	产后7 d内 Within 7 d postpartum	[22]^*
关中奶山羊 Guanzhong dairy goat	——	chi-miR-143-3p, chi-miR-30a-5p, chi-miR-148a-3p, chi-miR-10b-5p, chi-miR-26a-5p, chi-miR-181c-5p, chi-miR-27b-3p, chi-miR-146b-5p, chi-miR-21-5p, chi-let-7f-5p	568	产后2 d内 Within 2 d postpartum	[28]
萨能奶山羊 Saanen dairy goats	——	chi-miR-30a-5p, chi-miR-148a, chi-miR-22-3p, chi-miR-27b, chi-miR-378-3p, chi-miR-92a-3p, chi-miR-92b, chi-miR-21-5p, chi-miR-146b-5p, chi-miR-141	——	产后3 d内 Within 3 d postpartum	[29]
关中奶山羊 Guanzhong dairy goat	初产 Primiparous	miR-423-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-200b, miR-148a-3p, let-7g-5p, let-7f-5p, let-7c-5p, let-7b-5p, let-7a-5p	192	产后立即收集 Immediately after parturition	[45]

表 1

图 1

图 2

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