2岁伊犁马心脏维度与运动性能的关联性分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.07.016

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7): 2963-2972.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.07.016

2岁伊犁马心脏维度与运动性能的关联性分析

彭宣¹(), 王彤亮¹^,²^,³, 孟军¹^,²^,³, 王建文¹^,²^,³, 欧阳文⁴, 黄金龙¹, 黄云江¹, 杨曦曦¹, 李婉卿¹, 曾亚琦¹^,²^,³^,*(), 姚新奎¹^,²^,³^,*()

1. 新疆农业大学，乌鲁木齐 830052
2. 新疆马繁育与运动生理重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830052
3. 新疆农业大学马产业研究院，乌鲁木齐 830052
4. 新疆昭苏县伊犁种马场伊犁马测试调训中心，伊犁 835000

收稿日期:2024-01-02 出版日期:2024-07-23 发布日期:2024-07-24
通讯作者: 曾亚琦,姚新奎 E-mail:1506408917@qq.com;xjauzengyaqi@163.com;yxk61@126.com
作者简介:彭宣(1999-)，男，新疆奎屯人，硕士生，主要从事动物生产学研究，E-mail：1506408917@qq.com
基金资助:
自治区创新环境(人才、基地)建设专项(PT2311);中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(ZYYD2023C02);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(32202667);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02013-1);新疆马繁育与运动生理重点实验室

Correlation Analysis of Cardiac Dimensions and Racing Performance in 2 Years Old Yili Horses

Xuan PENG¹(), Tongliang WANG¹^,²^,³, Jun MENG¹^,²^,³, Jianwen WANG¹^,²^,³, Wen OUYANG⁴, Jinlong HUANG¹, Yunjiang HUANG¹, Xixi YANG¹, Wanqing LI¹, Yaqi ZENG¹^,²^,³^,*(), Xinkui YAO¹^,²^,³^,*()

1. Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Horse Breeding and Sports Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China
3. Institute of Horse Industry, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
4. Yili Horse Test and Training Center, Yili Stud Farm, Zhaosu County, Xinjiang, Yili 835000, China

Received:2024-01-02 Online:2024-07-23 Published:2024-07-24
Contact: Yaqi ZENG, Xinkui YAO E-mail:1506408917@qq.com;xjauzengyaqi@163.com;yxk61@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究2岁2 000 m速度赛伊犁马运动性能与心脏维度的内在联系，提高运动型伊犁马选育效率。本研究选取30匹2岁2 000 m速度赛伊犁马为研究对象，其中公马21匹，母马9匹，按照其最佳比赛用时进行排名，前10名为优秀组，11~20名为普通组，21~30名为较差组，马匹体重无显著差异(P>0.05)，健康状况良好，骑师水平相近。使用超声心动图测量马匹心脏维度，分析比赛用时、名次、绩点、奖金等运动性能与心脏维度的相关性，对19个心脏维度指标进行主成分分析，并拟合预测方程。结果表明，在体尺无显著差异的情况下，2岁2 000 m速度赛伊犁马优秀组的赛事绩点、赛事奖金极显著大于普通组和较差组(P＜0.01)，比赛用时、名次极显著小于较差组(P＜0.01)；优秀组的收缩末期左心室游离壁厚度(LVFWs)极显著大于较差组(P＜0.01)，优秀组和普通组的左心室长轴径(LVLD)极显著大于较差组(P＜0.01)。2岁2 000 m速度赛伊犁马比赛用时与舒张末期左心室内径(LVIDd)、左心室长轴径(LVLD)呈极显著负相关(P＜0.01)；绩点与收缩末期肺动脉内径(PADs)呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01)；名次与舒张末期左心室内径(LVIDd)、左心室长轴径(LVLD)呈极显著负相关(P＜0.01)；奖金与舒张末期左心室内径(LVIDd)呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01)。共取得5个主成分，综合反映出2岁2 000 m速度赛伊犁马的心脏维度信息。拟合4个预测方程，比赛用时和名次的决定系数均高于0.6。伊犁马舒张末期左心室内径(LVIDd)、左心室长轴径(LVLD)等心脏维度指标对运动性能影响较大。对心脏维度进行主成分分析，构建运动性能与心脏维度间的多元逐步回归方程对2岁2 000 m速度赛伊犁马运动性能的评估具有重要意义。

关键词: 伊犁马, 超声心动图, 心脏维度, 运动性能

Abstract:

The study aimed to explore the internal relationship between the racing performance and the cardiac dimension of 2 years old speed racing Yili horse in 2 000 m and improve the breeding efficiency of Yili sports horses. The 30 speed racing Yili horses aged 2 years old in 2 000 m were selected as the research objects, including 21 male horses and 9 female horses. The top 10 horses were ranked according to their best race time, and the top 10 were classified as excellent group, the ranked 11-20 were classified as ordinary group, and the ranked 21-30 were classified as poor group. There was no significant difference in the body weight of the horses (P>0.05), fitness was good and jockeys were of similar calibre. Cardiac dimensions were measured in horses using echocardiography, and the correlation between cardiac dimensions and performances such as race time, rank, GPA, and bonuses was analyzed, principal component analysis was performed on the 19 cardiac dimension indicators, and the prediction equation was fitted. The results showed that in the case of no significant differences in body size, in the 2 years old speed racing Yili horse in 2 000 m, the GPA and bonuses of the excellent group were significantly higher than those of the ordinary group and the poor group (P<0.01), the race time and ranking of the competition were significantly lower than those of the poor group (P<0.01); end-systolic left ventricular free wall thickness (LVFWs) was significantly greater in the excellent group than in the poor group (P<0.01). The left ventricular long axis diameter (LVLD) was highly significantly larger in the excellent group and the ordinary group than in the poor group (P<0.01). The race time of the 2 years old speed racing Yili horse in 2 000 m was highly significantly negatively correlated with the end-diastolic left ventricular diameter (LVIDd) and LVLD (P<0.01);the GPA was highly significantly positively correlated with the end-systolic pulmonary artery diameter (PADs) (P<0.01); the ranking was highly significantly negatively correlated with LVIDd and LVLD (P<0.01); there is a highly significant positive correlation (P<0.01) between bonus and LVIDd. A total of 5 principal components were obtained, which comprehensively reflect the cardiac dimension information of the 2 years old speed racing Yili horse in 2 000 m. By fitting 4 prediction equations, the coefficient of determination for both race time and rankings is higher than 0.6. Cardiac dimension indicators such as LVIDd and LVLD have a significant impact on racing performance in Yili horses. Conducting principal component analysis on the cardiac dimension and constructing a multiple stepwise regression equation between racing performance and cardiac dimension is of great significance for evaluating the racing performance of 2 years old speed racing Yili horse in 2 000 m.

Key words: Yili horse, echocardiography, cardiac dimension, racing performance

中图分类号:

S821.2

彭宣, 王彤亮, 孟军, 王建文, 欧阳文, 黄金龙, 黄云江, 杨曦曦, 李婉卿, 曾亚琦, 姚新奎. 2岁伊犁马心脏维度与运动性能的关联性分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(7): 2963-2972.

Xuan PENG, Tongliang WANG, Jun MENG, Jianwen WANG, Wen OUYANG, Jinlong HUANG, Yunjiang HUANG, Xixi YANG, Wanqing LI, Yaqi ZENG, Xinkui YAO. Correlation Analysis of Cardiac Dimensions and Racing Performance in 2 Years Old Yili Horses[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(7): 2963-2972.

图/表 7

表 1

表 2

2岁2 000 m伊犁马体尺、运动性能、心脏维度差异性"

指标Indicator	优秀组Excellent group		普通组Ordinary group		较差组Poor group
指标Indicator	N	Mean±SD	N	Mean±SD	N	Mean±SD
体重/kg Body weight	10	376.51±29.35	10	372.07±29.80	10	352.82±34.78
体表面积/m² Body surface area	10	5.24±0.27	10	5.20±0.28	10	5.02±0.33
体高/cm Width height	10	154.70±4.22	10	152.50±4.20	10	150.90±3.52
体长/cm Body length	10	149.60±4.98	10	149.05±3.53	10	146.25±6.53
胸围/cm Thoracic circumference	10	170.95±6.90	10	169.90±7.58	10	165.69±6.66
管围/cm Circumference of cannon bone	10	19.20±0.79	10	18.80±0.79	10	18.68±0.94
胸深/cm Chest depth	10	63.76±2.34	10	63.72±2.59	10	63.62±2.94
胸宽/cm Chest width	10	36.56±0.86	10	34.80±2.98	10	36.41±4.51
比赛用时/s Race time	10	156.19±3.59^Bb	10	161.06±0.40^AaB	10	170.45±7.14^Aab
赛事绩点GPA	10	26.90±25.08^A	10	6.80±2.90^B	10	0.00±0.00^B
名次Rank	10	3.00±1.89^C	10	8.40±1.65^B	10	16.40±3.31^A
奖金/rmb Bonus	10	7 610.00±6 746.93^A	10	1 020±964.71^B	10	0.00±0.00^B
心率/bpm Heart rate	10	35.32±4.67	10	34.27±3.64	10	36.67±5.40
舒张末期左心室游离壁厚度/cm LVFWd	10	1.98±0.25	10	2.02±0.10	10	1.92±0.15
收缩末期左心室游离壁厚度/cm LVFWs	10	3.77±0.21^A	10	3.72±0.30^A	10	3.45±0.15^B
舒张末期左心室内径/cm LVIDd	10	10.00±0.39^a	10	9.55±0.49^b	10	9.46±0.44^b
收缩末期左心室内径/cm LVIDs	10	5.08±0.47	10	5.03±0.63	10	5.30±0.40
舒张末期室间隔厚度/cm IVSd	10	2.51±0.26	10	2.39±0.44	10	2.39±0.31
收缩末期室间隔厚度/cm IVSs	10	4.48±0.18	10	4.32±0.52	10	4.12±0.41
舒张末期右心室内径/cm RVDd	10	3.06±0.27	10	3.07±0.37	10	2.97±0.39
收缩末期右心室内径/cm RVDs	10	1.85±0.19	10	1.70±0.27	10	1.77±0.25
左心室长轴径/cm LVLD	10	15.53±0.41^A	10	15.58±0.39^A	10	14.88±0.45^B
二尖瓣内径/cm MVD	10	9.03±0.36	10	9.10±0.38	10	9.10±0.42
舒张末期左心房内径/cm LADd	10	9.22±0.35^a	10	8.96±0.29^ab	10	8.83±0.38^b
收缩末期左心房内径/cm LADs	10	10.21±0.40	10	10.38±0.35	10	10.02±0.39
舒张末期主动脉根部内径/cm AODd	10	5.45±0.24	10	5.53±0.16	10	5.37±0.25
收缩末期主动脉根部内径/cm AODs	10	6.22±0.32	10	6.36±0.24	10	6.15±0.18
舒张末期肺动脉内径/cm PADd	10	4.62±0.32	10	4.60±0.39	10	4.43±0.24
收缩末期肺动脉内径/cm PADs	10	5.65±0.40	10	5.54±0.29	10	5.40±0.22
舒张末期平均左心室壁厚/cm MWTd	10	2.25±0.22	10	2.21±0.25	10	2.16±0.18
舒张末期相对左心室壁厚/cm RWTd	10	0.44±0.04	10	0.46±0.04	10	0.46±0.03
左心室心肌质量/g LVM	10	2 128.10±372.17	10	1 935.30±436.34	10	1 839.87±389.17

表 2

表 3

表 4

表 5

表 6

表 7

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指标Indicator	比赛用时Race time	名次Rank	绩点GPA	奖金Bonus
舒张末期左心室游离壁厚度/cm LVFWd	－0.046	－0.080	0.106	0.056
收缩末期左心室游离壁厚度/cm LVFWs	－0.408^*	－0.404^*	0.405^*	0.272
舒张末期左心室内径/cm LVIDd	－0.517^**	－0.466^**	0.358	0.481^**
收缩末期左心室内径/cm LVIDs	0.094	0.120	0.033	0.017
舒张末期室间隔厚度/cm IVSd	－0.209	－0.166	0.038	0.173
收缩末期室间隔厚度/cm IVSs	－0.399^*	－0.351	0.161	0.218
舒张末期右心室内径/cm RVDd	0.032	－0.041	0.084	－0.078
收缩末期右心室内径/cm RVDs	－0.049	－0.045	0.235	0.225
左心室长轴径/cm LVLD	－0.690^**	－0.591^**	0.265	0.301
舒张末期左心房内径/cm LADd	－0.214	－0.260	0.276	0.247
收缩末期左心房内径/cm LADs	－0.138	－0.088	0.002	0.090
舒张末期主动脉根部内径/cm AODd	－0.221	－0.098	0.180	0.112
收缩末期主动脉根部内径/cm AODs	－0.191	－0.101	0.032	0.055
二尖瓣内径/cm MVD	0.184	0.216	－0.014	－0.026
舒张末期肺动脉内径/cm PADd	－0.242	－0.183	0.357	－0.051
收缩末期肺动脉内径/cm PADs	－0.396^*	－0.305	0.587^**	0.212
舒张末期平均左心室壁厚/cm MWTd	－0.180	－0.161	0.071	0.157
舒张末期相对左心室壁厚/cm RWTd	0.111	0.126	－0.147	－0.091
左心室心肌质量/g LVM	－0.327	－0.302	0.188	0.299

项目Item	Y₁	Y₂	Y₃	Y₄	Y₅	Y₆	Y₇	Y₈	Y₉	Y₁₀
特征根	7.191	3.486	1.872	1.433	1.035	0.903	0.687	0.596	0.492	0.341
Root of characteristic
贡献率/%	37.850	18.347	9.854	7.542	5.446	4.754	3.616	3.137	2.590	1.793
Rate of contribution
累计贡献率/%	37.850	56.197	66.050	73.592	79.039	83.792	87.408	90.546	93.136	94.929
Cumulative contribution rate

项目Item	Y₁₁	Y₁₂	Y₁₃	Y₁₄	Y₁₅	Y₁₆	Y₁₇	Y₁₈	Y₁₉
特征根	0.283	0.259	0.162	0.129	0.076	0.042	0.012	0.001	4.192×10^-5
Root of characteristic
贡献率/%	1.492	1.363	0.851	0.677	0.400	0.221	0.062	0.006	0.000
Rate of contribution
累计贡献率/%	96.421	97.784	98.634	99.312	99.712	99.932	99.994	100.000	100.000
Cumulative contribution rate

项目Item	Y₁	Y₂	Y₃	Y₄	Y₅
特征根Characteristic root	7.191	3.486	1.872	1.433	1.035
贡献率/% Rate of contribution	37.85	18.347	9.854	7.542	5.446
累计贡献率/% Cumulative contribution rate	37.85	56.197	66.05	73.592	79.039
特征向量Characteristic vector
X₁ (LVFWs)	0.755	0.180	－0.154	－0.290	－0.004
X₂ (LVFWd)	0.424	0.522	0.549	0.191	－0.139
X₃ (LVIDd)	0.593	－0.365	0.313	0.530	－0.141
X₄ (LVIDs)	0.638	－0.394	－0.372	－0.091	－0.127
X₅ (IVSd)	0.723	－0.595	0.017	－0.058	－0.156
X₆ (IVSs)	0.535	－0.436	0.376	0.152	0.263
X₇ (RVDd)	0.458	0.095	－0.422	0.537	0.134
X₈ (RVDs)	0.623	－0.088	－0.355	0.457	0.140
X₉ (LVLD)	0.372	0.256	0.661	－0.219	－0.243
X₁₀ (MVD)	0.328	0.600	－0.410	－0.059	0.114
X₁₁ (LADd)	0.327	0.645	0.000	0.141	－0.115
X₁₂ (LADs)	0.476	0.728	－0.193	0.142	－0.117
X₁₃ (AODd)	0.611	0.654	－0.023	－0.120	－0.066
X₁₄ (AODs)	0.765	0.339	0.052	－0.045	－0.202
X₁₅ (PADd)	0.607	0.062	0.225	－0.248	0.642
X₁₆ (PADs)	0.602	0.173	0.240	－0.012	0.495
X₁₇ (MWTd)	0.882	－0.399	－0.050	－0.165	－0.122
X₁₈ (RWTd)	0.697	－0.214	－0.422	0.541	－0.066
X₁₉ (LVM)	0.863	－0.422	0.225	0.100	－0.165

预测指标 Prediction index	变量 Variable	参数估计 Parameter estimation	标准误差 Standard error	t值 t-value	P值 P-value	决定系数 Coefficient of determination
比赛用时Race time	LVLD	10.582	0.142	74.514	＜0.01	0.995
名次Rank	LVLD	0.596	0.074	8.021	＜0.01	0.679
绩点GPA	PADs	1.535	0.608	2.524	＜0.01	0.152
奖金Bonus	LVIDd	302.708	95.556	0.507	＜0.01	0.231

预测指标(Y) Prediction index (Y)	参考性状(X) Reference character (X)	回归方程 Regression equation	决定系数(R²) Coefficient of determination
比赛用时Race time	LVLD(X₁)	Y=10.582X₁	0.995
名次Rank	LVLD(X₁)	Y=0.596X₁	0.679
绩点GPA	PADs(X₁)	Y=1.535X₁	0.152
奖金Bonus	LVIDd(X₁)	Y=302.708X₁	0.231

2岁伊犁马心脏维度与运动性能的关联性分析

Correlation Analysis of Cardiac Dimensions and Racing Performance in 2 Years Old Yili Horses

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序号 Serial number	指标 Index	缩写(单位) Abbreviation
1	舒张末期右心室内径	RVDd(cm)
2	收缩末期右心室内径	RVDs(cm)
3	舒张末期左心室内径	LVIDd(cm)
4	收缩末期左心室内径	LVIDs(cm)
5	舒张末期室间隔厚度	IVSd(cm)
6	收缩末期室间隔厚度	IVSs(cm)
7	左心室心肌质量	LVM(g)
8	舒张末期左心室游离壁厚度	LVFWd(cm)
9	收缩末期左心室游离壁厚度	LVFWs(cm)
10	二尖瓣内径	MVD(cm)
11	舒张末期主动脉根部内径	AODd(cm)
12	收缩末期主动脉根部内径	AODs(cm)
13	舒张末期肺动脉内径	PADd(cm)
14	收缩末期肺动脉内径	PADs(cm)
15	左心室长轴径	LVLD(cm)
16	舒张末期左心房内径	LADd(cm)
17	收缩末期左心房内径	LADs(cm)
18	舒张末期平均左心室壁厚	MWTd(cm)
19	舒张末期相对舒张期壁厚	RWTd(cm)

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