围产期使用抗菌药物对PRRSV阳性猪场母猪和仔猪生产性能的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.06.045

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在评估围产期使用抗菌药物对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)阳性猪场母猪和仔猪生产性能的影响。从广西某规模化PRRSV阳性猪场挑选280头临产母猪随机分为5组，在其围产期分别用替米考星、泰妙菌素、多西环素和泰万菌素等兽医常用抗生素，对照组不使用抗菌药物。采集各组断奶仔猪前腔静脉血进行PRRSV核酸和抗体检测，以评估各药物对防控仔猪PRRSV感染的效果；统计各组断奶仔猪腹泻窝数及比率，以探究常用抗生素对仔猪腹泻的防控效果；统计各组断奶母猪的断配间隔及断奶7、10 d内发情配种率，统计各组仔猪的窝均断奶数、断奶存活率和断奶重等生产指标，以评估围产期常用抗生素使用对母猪和仔猪生产性能的影响并计算使用药物所带来的经济效益。结果表明：泰万菌素、替米考星组断奶仔猪PRRSV核酸阳性检出率为0%，且PRRSV抗体水平显著高于对照组；泰万菌素组仔猪的腹泻率低于其它用药组及对照组；相关生产指标统计显示，与其他组相比，泰万菌素组仔猪断奶存活率及断奶均重最高，母猪的断配间隔最短，窝均损失资产更低。综上，本研究评估了围产期使用兽医临床常用抗生素对PRRSV阳性猪场母猪和仔猪生产性能的影响，发现使用泰万菌素可以有效阻断PRRSV垂直传播，提升仔猪抗体水平，显著改善断奶仔猪腹泻率；使用泰万菌素显著提升了仔猪断奶存活率及断奶均重，缩短了母猪的断配间隔，降低了窝均损失资产。本研究的开展为规模化PRRSV阳性猪场的有效药物使用提供了重要试验数据和理论支持，为在PRRSV大流行背景下实现规模化猪场降本增效提供了必要的补充措施。

关键词: 猪繁殖与呼吸综合征, 规模化猪场, 围产期, 抗生素, 泰万菌素

Abstract:

The present study aimed to assess the effect of antimicrobial use in the perinatal period on the performance of sows and piglets in PRRSV-positive farms. A total of 280 near-term pregnant sows were selected from a large-scale PRRSV-positive pig farm in Guangxi and divided into five groups randomly. During the perinatal period, the sows in each group were administered veterinary antibiotics such as tilmicosin, tiamulin, doxycycline, and tylvalosin commonly used in veterinary medicine, while the control group received no antibiotic treatment. The anterior vena cava blood of weaned piglets in each group was collected for PRRSV antigen and antibody detection to assess the effectiveness of the antibiotics in preventing PRRSV infection in piglets. The number and ratio of diarrhea cases were recorded for each group of weaned piglets to investigate the preventive effect of common antibiotics on piglet diarrhea. The weaning interval of weaned sows and the estrus mating rate within 7 and 10 days after weaning were counted in each group, and the production indexes such as the number of weaning per litter, weaning survival rate and weaning weight of piglets in each group were counted to evaluate the impact of perinatal health care with commonly used antibiotics on the production performance of sows and piglets and to calculate the economic benefits of using drugs. The weaned piglets in the tylvalosin and tilmicosin groups showed a PRRSV nucleic acid positivity rate of 0%, and their PRRS antibody levels were significantly higher than those in the control group. The tylvalosin group exhibited a lower diarrhea rate in piglets compared to the other treatment groups and the control group. Statistical analysis of relevant production indicators showed that compared to other groups, the weaning survival rate and weaning weight of piglets in the tylvalosin groups were the highest, the weaning interval of sows was the shortest, and the average litter loss was lower. In summary, this study assessed the impact of perinatal health care with antibiotics commonly used in veterinary clinic on the production performance of sows and piglets in PRRSV-infected pig farms. It was found that using tylvalosin can inhibit the vertical transmission of PRRSV, enhance piglet antibody levels, and significantly reduce the weaned piglet diarrhea rate. In addition, the use of tylvalosin significantly improved weaning survival rate and weaning weight of piglets, shortened the separation interval of sows, and reduced the loss of litter assets. The initiation of this study provides crucial experimental data and theoretical support for effective antimicrobial use in large-scale PRRSV-positive pig farms, and provided necessary supplementary measures for realizing cost reduction and efficiency increase in large-scale pig farms under the background of PRRSV pandemic.

Key words: porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, large-scale pig farms, perinatal, antibiotics, tylvalosin

中图分类号:

S852.659.6

肖书奇, 刘俊, 冯英桐, 李洋, 徐乐乐. 围产期使用抗菌药物对PRRSV阳性猪场母猪和仔猪生产性能的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(6): 2751-2760.

Shuqi XIAO, Jun LIU, Yingtong FENG, Yang LI, Lele XU. Effect of Antimicrobial Use in the Perinatal Period on the Performance of Sows and Piglets in PRRSV-positive Farms[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(6): 2751-2760.

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组别 Group	断奶母猪数 Number of weaned sows	7 d内配种数 Number of mating in 7 days	10 d内配种数 Number of mating in 10 days	7 d断配率/% 7-day mating rate of sows	10 d断配率/% 10-day mating rate of sows
替米考星 Tilmicosin	55	46	48	83.64	87.27
泰妙菌素 Tiamulin	55	43	46	78.18	83.64
多西环素 Doxycycline	56	47	49	83.93	87.50
泰万菌素 Tylvalosin	56	49	50	87.50	89.29
对照组 Control	55	44	47	80.00	85.45

组别 Group	药物成本/(元·窝^-1) Cost of drugs (RMB per litter)	窝均损失资产/(元·窝^-1) Average loss of assets (RMB per litter)
替米考星Tilmicosin	35.00	435.0
泰妙菌素Tiamulin	18.76	435.0
多西环素Doxycycline	11.76	580.0
泰万菌素Tylvalosin	84.00	197.2
对照组Control	0.00	464.0

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